eco1


	ECOLOGY Ecology is the study of the relationship of organisms to their ______________________. ___________________ are physically distinct, self-supporting systems of interacting organisms & their environment. Ecosystems are composed of communities of organisms & the _________________, or nonliving, factors in the environment, such as _____________________________________. Within an ecosystem, an organism occupies a physical region called its __________________. It also has a specific _____________, or way of life. _________________ biotic factors play an important role in determining where organisms live. Organisms depend upon a continuous supply of recycled nutrients, such as _____________ & _____________. Organisms can be _______________, _________________________, or ____________________. All organisms occupy a ____________________ level, & all are members of a specific food chain. Permanent, close relationships between different species are called _________________. Organisms respond to regularly occurring phenomena in patterns called ______________________. IMPORTANT TERMS ECOSYSTEMS Biotic factors � Abiotic factors � Communities � Populations- Habitats � Niches THE FLOW OF MATERIALS Biogeochemical Cycle � Oxygen-Carbon cycle � Water Cycle � Nitrogen Cycle � Ammonification � Nitrification � Denitrification � THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY Trophic levels � Herbivores � Carnivores � Omnivores � Scavengers � Decomposers � Food Webs � Food Chains � Ecological Pyramids � Biomass � BIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS Competition � Predators � Symbiosis � Mutualism � Commensalism � Parasitism � Circadian Rhythm � Diurnal � Nocturnal � Hibernation � Estivation � SUCCESSION & BIOMES The biological communities of the world are constantly changing. Many of these changes involve ecological ___________________, or the replacement of 1 group of species by another group that is more ___________ to life in a given area. Two types of ecological succession exist. ____________________ succession takes place where no community existed before. _______________________ succession takes place on land that has previously supported communities. During succession land is occupied by a number of _________________ communities before a _________________ community finally becomes established. Large areas of similar climate & vegetation are called _____________________. Tundra, boreal forests, deciduous forests, grasslands, tropical rain forests, & deserts are the major terrestrial biomes. Two biomes make up the aquatic world: the marine & freshwater. ___________________ are special aquatic communities. IMPORTANT TERMS ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Serial community � Climax Community � Primary succession � Pioneer species � Eutrophication � Secondary succession � TERRESTRIAL BIOMES Biome � Boreal Forest (Coniferous Forest) � Deciduous Forest � Grasslands � Savanna � Tropical Rain Forest � Desert � Tundra � AQUATIC BIOMES Plankton � Nekton � Benthos � Intertidal zone- Neritic Zone � Open Sea zone � Photosynthetic Region � Bathyal Region � Abyssal Region � Oligotrophic � Estuary �

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