_____________________ - is the scientist who 1st coined the term �cell� � in the 1660�s he observed ________ from a tree stem (they reminded him of the rooms monks lived in)
Schleiden looked at ___________ & Schwann looked at _____________. They both observed that
________________________________________________________. Along with Virchow they formulated the __________________________. It has 3 components.
1. ________________________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________________________
Cells come in a great variety of shapes & sizes. The smallest cells are ___________ & the largest cells are
_________________________________. The size & shape of the nerve cell are related to its ___________. Sketch of a skin cell: Sketch of a nerve cell:
The surface area of the cell does not increase at the same rate as the __________________. Because of this cells typically stay small & will divide rather than getting larger.
Differences in Cells
1. ______________________ - have no true nucleus � DNA is not arranged into chromosomes � ex. = bacteria � they have no __________________________________.
2. ______________________ - have a nucleus - & cellular organelles.
PARTS OF THE CELL
1. ___________________ - control center of the cell � controls most of the activities of the cell ; also transmits hereditary information & contains DNA. The nucleus holds ______________(threadlike) that are
seen only when the cell is dividing & ______________________(granular) when the cell isn�t dividing.
2. ___________________ - these are found in the nucleus � where the assembly of ribosomes begins
3. ___________________ - double membrane - this surrounds the nucleus & acts as a boundary between the nucleus & the cytoplasm � it contains pores that allow substances to pass
4. ___________________ - this acts as the outer boundary of the cell & contains phospholipids & proteins - it is very important because it regulates what enters & leaves the cell
5. __________________ - this is found in plants, algae, fungi, & bacteria- it protects & supports the cell � it lies outside of the cell membrane & allows water & gases to pass through � plant cell walls are made of ____________
6. __________________ - is the jellylike layer of the cell � it contains the ___________________ & moves
materials throughout the cell in a process called cytoplasmic streaming
7. __________________ - this is a series of canals or channels that winds through the cytoplasm � it acts as the cell�s internal transport & connects with the nuclear envelope; there are 2 types � (1) ___________________- this builds lipids for the plasma membrane, (2) ________________________ - has ribosomes attached to it
8. _________________ - the sites of protein synthesis; 2 types (1) _____________ - makes protein to be used in the cell, (2) ____________________ - make protein to be transported out of the cell
9. __________________ - these pinch off from the ER � they are stacks of membranes that look like tiny flattened balloons � they are areas for storage & packaging of chemicals � enzymes in this apparatus attach carbohydrates & lipids to proteins
10. ___________________ - the cell�s powerhouse � they produce the energy for the cell � they have many folds on the inside called cristae that increase surface area for more energy
11. __________________ - are found only in plants � some store food, others have pigments � 3 types:
(1) __________________ - colorless � store starches in roots & stems
(2) _________________ - they are orange & yellow � beta carotene
(3) __________________ - these are green & the sites for photosynthesis
12. __________________ - bubblelike storage structures that store water, liquids, wastes, & foods � these hold plants erect & firm
13. __________________ - these are membrane-bound organelles that are formed in Golgi bodies � they are
loaded with enzymes that digest large particles found in the cell � also break down old organelles
14. __________________ - hollow cylinders of protein that support & shape the cell � found in the cytoskeleton, spindle fibers, centrioles, basal bodies, cilia, & flagella
15. __________________ - appear during cell division & move chromosomes through the cytoplasm
16. __________________ - small dark bodies located outside the nucleus � they are active during cell division
17. __________________ - short, threadlike structures used for movement � they are numerous & hairlike
18. __________________ - long, whiplike structures used for movement � usually only 1 per cell
19. __________________ - network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape � also involved in cell movement - these are made of:
a) ___________________ - hollow tubes of protein � maintain cell shape & serve as �tracks� along which organelles are moved (used to make cilia & flagella)
b) ___________________ - long, thin fibers that function in the movement & support of the cell � tough, flexible framework that supports the cell