| multiprocessing
in computing, a mode of operation in which two or
more processors in a computer simultaneously
process two or more different portions of the same
program (set of instructions). Multiprocessing is
typically carried out by two or more microprocessors,
each of which is in effect a central processing unit on
a single tiny chip. Mainframe computers combine hundreds
or even thousands of such microprocessors to interpret
and execute instructions. (Uniprocessor computers, by
contrast, employ a single central processor to handle
all or most tasks.)
The primary advantage of a multiprocessor computer
over a uniprocessor system is speed, and thus the
ability to manage larger amounts of information. Because
each processor in such a system is assigned to perform a
specific function, it can perform its task, pass the
instruction set on to the next processor, and begin
working on a new set of instructions. For example,
different processors may be used to manage memory
storage, data communications, or arithmetic functions.
Or a larger processor might utilize "slave"
processors to conduct miscellaneous housekeeping duties,
such as memory management. Multiprocessor systems are
most commonly used in mainframes and minicomputers, as
opposed to personal computers, which incorporate
uniprocessor architecture.
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