Problem statement: 

                   a) whois or what-is ...digital signature

                           translates into ..."who can vouch for you"

                            ...translated into normal socialogical and societial terms.

                      understand a
                  
                      Digital-Certificate: idealy a digital template 
                                           
                                            ....a instance of which contains various encoded information
                                                of a entity or individual.

                      Certificate Server and Certificate Server Chain : 

                            Refer to definitions ....as published or in standard norm or usage as of
                            the date this business standard speficification being published.
                            ....may search for the terms on the WWW!!
                      

                   b) co-relate ...demystify ....weigh pro's and con's

                       between  LDAP (leight weight directory access protocol) 

                       XML -DOM based  document model.

                        ....specifically understanding organizational unit, organization
                            and interpretations of the data ...storage and retrieval,
                            and particularly readily avaiable standard parsablity of 
                            such a document.


                  c) Understand correlate a hirerarcial database encoded or implemented
                     with in a relational database.

                               refer to work implemented at Fapco.net for www.alghanim.com
 
                            and as illustrated in the document below.
 

Opportunity:  
 
            a)  Ability to trace or map a digital certificate with a unique number or bar-code
                or micr-code on a paper based transaction system.

                Thus the ability to identify a entity or individual on the paper based system
                ....transalting into encoding a unique-id or number as described above into a
                digital certificated.

                [

                  ideally a derived from unique attributes of a individual or entity

                  in cases of entities (non tangible business ...societial etc)
                  ...usually standard identification number or id assigned by accredition
                  authorities.

                  in case of individual of living beings including humans ...
                 
                   name,age,DOB ...etc or DNA tags or sub-sets of DNA tag into a uniquely
                   deflatable checksum number ....for example ...each and every human is
                   supposed to carry a unique ...impression on fingers .....if this digital
                   image or say kind of fractal ....can be deflated into a encoded checksum
                   based unique number.

                ]

                

            b)  In contrary to the standard LDAP based directory or Certificate Servers. 
 
                Encrypt or encoded a XML-DOM document used as a digital certificate integrateable 
                with RDBMS context.

            c)  Implement a ACL (access control mechanism) ....on the data encoded in a certificate
                i.e. restrict or implement previlegages to the quantum of information accessible
                to a entity or sub-scriber or a authorized user (ability to classify a user)
                in a Certificate-Server-Chain .....this does n't rule out either a LDAP based or
                RDBMS based integratable XML-DOM ...encrypted certificates. 
                               
                Handshakes or key-pairs in blootooth , infra-red  handshakes ...say key or other
                remote control based systems....viz. encode the public [ private ....guaranteed
                or kind where under-written or insured ...in monetary value ....to be rationalized
                is ...translating financial transactions ...instutions or authorities offering the
                same.] keys into a certificate


            d)  Pro's and con's to be weighed ...

                while some ...online systems ...offer ...dynamic retrival and fill up details 
                on usually XML-RSS feeds ....which is usually band-width intensive on the server-side
                (keeping or taking note of the fact that a certificate server designed on the above
                 lines can accomplish the same)

                ....enclosing a digital certificate's(binary compressed) ...offer's integrity to 
                    data as a whole.

           e)  Innovative set of devices that can read into and authenticate in to such a repository
               operable on various standard communication protocol ....given or presume that 
               the repository is offering or is in sync or consistent with such a communication protocol.


           f)  understand the

                    validity of secure transactions ...on a Public Network.

                    validity of https ...Certificate servers
                                      ...Server certificates
                                      ...key-lengths or cipher strengths
                                         PGP (Pronounced PG-pee)  

                    breach of certificate security ...and data encrptions
                    communications ...translating into reliability of the
                    medium.

                    Understand the process of certificate vending.

                     ....at any given point certificate vendor is in control ...but can certificate vendor
                         guarantee the transactions (what if financial) 


           g)  under-stand existing limitations of Certificate servers ...rationalize the WHOIS
               database and the DNS ....use  WHOIS as a reliable certificate-server or lookup database.
               ....refer or read the document published on this URI or URL
               "opportunity_authenticity_whois_certificateservers_validity_https_transactions.txt".

               for e-commerce ...

                           given that most banks viz. debit or credit-cards ....offering centralized
                           repository ...why cannot it offer ...or serve as reliable database or 
                           inlieu of certificate-server ...that guarantee's the entity??


           h) Understand persistant forms (sgml or postscript or XML) ....Adobe , patent filing from USPTO.gov,
                                                                                  or XML template generation by WIPO,
                                                                                  or Cerificate generation procedures.


              why cannot a client (nature and type of certificates) be able to generated by him-self.

              understand ...http/microsoft digest mode of authentications ...viz. essentialy a encryption and
              decryption procedures.

  
              ....scope of embedded a certificate generation ...as component or plugin software of the web-browser.


usages: where ever ...recurrent ...transactions are required or performed 

        usually identity verification.

        Government law and order, banking systems (authentication and web or internet based access
        control system), a centrally shared business repository, attendance systems.

        All B2B and B2C transactions where sanctity needs to be assured or guaranteed ....translating 
        into innovative software products, forums to offer such a medium .....for more info about 
        products and services refer the document below.

        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        A integrated identity management system ....from the above


        which can accrue into


        .....a centralized authentiction mechanism .....could be a finger-print scanner that reads the
        thumb or other impression .....acceptable across various online services ....adhering to various
        protocols.

        or a key (kind of password) ...storable in a device ....pen-drive or mobile device or magnetic strip

        that can be correlated with the data stored in the repository ...thus any one wishing to access a online
        service ...say a web-site necessarily needn't require keying in a password  ....a digital-certificate 
        stored in a device (accessible via Infra-red, blooth ...other standard protocols in place)
        perform the authentication to access the service.

        ......Product licensing (which includes software as well) ....that can be rely upon the above repository
        of identity ...management ...viz. embedded software ....present in devices querying against such a 
        repository for identity validation

        ....keeping the above aside or apart ...standard product validation and licensing ...correlation
        of product key or product-id validations ...can be put in place on the above lines or what may be
        referred to software-architechture.


        Given all of the above are kind of protocols and validation mechanisms of the data being marshalled or
        exchanged ....which are all susceptible to what is termed phising   ....both due to third party software
        or comprising or non standard OS ....all of which are based upon benchmarkable standards encforcable
        .....which again are the free-will , capabilities , enforcibility .....translating into clout and ability
        to put in-place law and order.
        
        -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
              
                                
Note:   refer to 738) , 39) , 267) ,325) , 280) as illustrated in described in the document referred below.

  
      The above problem statement having been encountered in various scenarios
      and detailed in various 'Proof of concepts' as mentioned in 
      
       http://uk.geocities.com/ravivenkatus/projects.pdf
       http://ravishankarkv.tripod.com/projects.pdf
        ....apply appropriate
      'use-case' modeling, rationalize and arrive at a workable and feasible 
       solution both commercially and techinically viable.


   
   