Shock is a state when the blood circulation is not sufficient for the body functions. It can be a feeling of giddiness to complete collapse.

There are different types of shocks, namely, neurogenic, hemorrhagic, anaphylactic, etc.

In shock, the blood is either less in quantity or it is maldistributed. The vital organs like brain, heart suffer and have anoxic changes. Hence the patient has fainting, increased heart rate, sweating, paleness of the body. There may also be mental confusion and coma. In severe cases, there is kidney and liver failure.

The rescuer should ensure the following:1.Reassure patient and let him / her be comfortable. 2.If fractures are present, handle the part minimally. 3.If possible, raise the legs above the level of heart.4.Relieve the pain, if present. 5.Loosen the tight clothing. 6.Stop bleeding.  7.Keep patient warm with blanket. 8.Monitor conscious level, heart and respiratory rate. Use CPR if  required.

Do not apply hot fomentation over the body. This could be dangerous as the blood supply to the skin increases with hot fomentation and that to the vital organs further reduces.

Do not give anything by mouth, as this would delay the anesthesia unnecessarily. (For general anesthesia, the patient should be nil by mouth for atleast 4 hours.)

Anaphylactic shock is seen in severe allergic reactions. It develops within seconds to minutes of injection of a drug or an insect bite. At times, consumption of an allergic thing may also cause this shock.

The victim has nausea, vomiting and tightness of the chest. There is difficulty in breathing and the victim starts gasping for breath. Swelling is seen around the eyes. The pulse is rapid and the affected individual may become unconscious. There may be evidence of shock.

The management consists of maintaining an open airway and giving of resuscitation. If possible, give injection adrenaline immediately. Shift the victim to the nearest hospital without delay