Sex Education  (update : 06/28/04)

1..FEMALE SEX ORGANS

 
Female's sexual organs are divided into 3 parts:                           
1) External sexual organs                                                                                                          
2) Internal sexual organs
3) Breasts
1) External sexual organs
External sexual organs of female body consists of following parts:
a) External genitalia (Vulva):
Vulva includes the following parts in the external genital organs of female:-
Mons pubis:
It is the rounded fatty mass over the pubis covered with skin and has hairs on it. It is more prominent at puberty and becomes less prominent after menopause.
Labia majora (Outer lips):
It is a bilateral structure made up of the folds of the skin, that joins in the midline and gives an appearance of a narrow slit when woman is in standing posture. The outer skin becomes covered with hair at puberty while inner surface remains hairless. At puberty labia majora becomes prominent due to collection of fatty tissue and becomes dark in color. It contains fatty tissues and glands.
Labia minora (Inner lips):
It is a bilateral structure made up of folds of the skin, which lies between and inside of Labia majora. Both the folds unite in the front near clitoris. It contains veins, elastic tissue and glands but no fat or hairs.
Clitoris:
It is around 2.5-cm. long erectile structure in female and similar in the function as to penis in erection. It consists of two parts such as glans, which is rounded and body, which is long. It contains various nerve endings, which causes increased blood flow in the clitoris causing erection of clitoris during intercourse and plays important part in inducing orgasm in female. After orgasm clitoris returns to its original size.
External urethral orifice:
It lies below the clitoris and above the vaginal orifice. It is a small opening for flowing urine out in female.
Vaginal orifice:
Immediately below the urethral orifice there is a vagina orifice which is a opening to the vaginal canal of female.
Hymen:
Its name has been given after a Greek god of marriage. Hymen is the incomplete membrane, which guards the vagina. It consists of double layered tissue and has a small opening, which usually can not even admit a fingertip. It contains tiny blood vessels and so when hymen ruptures during sexual intercourse it causes bleeding. Its size varies in different females. Sometimes it breaks during strenuous activities such as sports or accidents. But it is elastic in nature so in rare cases it can be ruptured only after childbirth.
Bartholin's glands:
They are bilateral, oval, pea-sized glands lying one on each side of the vaginal opening below labia majora. These glands secrete mucus after sexual stimulation, which acts as lubricating fluid during sexual intercourse.
2) Internal sexual organs
Internal sexual organs of the female consists of following parts:
Vagina:
Vagina is a 3 to 4 inches deep canal extending upwards and inwards, from vulva to the cervix. Vaginal orifice lies below the urethra and above the anus. It is made up of elastic tissue and can expand to a considerable extent. This canal is used for intercourse as well as it is also the canal for the childbirth. It receives the penis during intercourse and it is the first structure to receive the spermatozoa from male. The vaginal canal has its own self cleansing mechanism and it has normal bacteria that produces lactic acid which does not allow other bacteria to survive which may enter in the vagina.
Cervix:
It is at the upper end of the vaginal canal and forms the narrow neck of the uterus. Cervix secretes mucus, which is alkaline in nature and looks like an unboiled white of an egg. It secretes 20 to 60 mg. of mucus per day, which increases to 700 mg. of mucus per day during menstruation.
Uterus:
The uterus is also known as womb. It is the organ responsible for menstruation, sperm transport, embryo embedding and child bearing. It measures 3 inches in length, 2 inches in breadth and 1 cm. thick. It is also made up of elastic tissue that facilitates expansion to a great extent. A tissue known as endometrium lines it inside. Its thickness varies according to days of the menstrual cycle. It has two main parts, body and fundus.
Fallopian tubes:
There are two fallopian tubes, one on each side that arises from the uterus and has opening into the close approximation of the two ovaries on their corresponding side. It surrounds and envelops the ovaries. Each tube is around 4 inches long and 1/3 inch broad. They are hollow muscular tubes responsible for transport of the ovum, fertilization of the ovum, and transport of fertilized ovum to the uterus. If there is any blockage in these tubes then fertilization is not possible unless proper treatment.
Ovaries:
Ovaries are two glands situated one on either side and are responsible for production of sex hormones and ovum.It measures around 1-½ inches in length and ½ inches in breadth. It contains many microscopic ova, which are partially developed and present since birth. After puberty when menstruation starts, an ovum starts getting matured with every menstrual cycle and gets released from the ovary. This process is known as ovulation. It occurs regularly every month during the reproductive life of a woman.
3) Breasts
Breasts are paired organ lie over the pectoral muscles of the chest of females. It is rudimentary in size in children but develops in size after puberty. It is made up of glandular and adipose tissue and fat. Its size varies from person to person and her genetic make up. Beast is divided into following parts:
Nipples:
They are small projectile structures near the center of the breast and are responsible for the outlet of milk from the milk ducts. In lactating woman, milk from the mammary glands and milk ducts reaches the nipple when baby sucks the nipple. It is very sensitive to touch during sexual excitement as it has many nerve endings which makes the nipples erect during sexual excitement.
Areola:
They are the small circular rings of the pigmented skin surrounding the nipples. The color of the nipples and areola varies according to the complexion of the woman and pigmentation.
Milk glands:
There are numerous milk glands in each breast that secretes the milk under the effect of female hormones. The size of the breast is not related to the amount of milk secretion in lactating woman.
Milk ducts:
There are numerous milk ducts in each breast that is responsible for carrying milk from the milk glands to the nipples.

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Are you shy to talk about Orgasm? Read This.
Orgasm in male is the ejaculation of the semen into vagina by rhythmic contraction of the muscles of the penis, which leads to physical and mental pleasure. In males orgasm consists of two different phases, but in most of the males it can be felt together. First is stage of "emission" when prostate and other internal organs force their secretion fluids inside the urethra and after which ejaculation is about to take place. And next is the stage of "contraction" which follows after a few seconds when muscles of the penis and urethra force the semen out of the urethra resulting into ejaculation.
While orgasm in female is rhythmic contraction of the muscles around vagina rapidly from 5 to 12 or more, rapidly following each other with similar mental and physical pleasure.
Q.How many times does male and female achieve orgasm during sexual intercourse?
Male can achieve orgasm only once when penis dilates and ejaculates semen inside the vagina. While female can achieve orgasm multiple times usually when vaginal contraction takes place 5 to12 times or more with a gap of a second, during the intercourse.
Q.Why female is lucky to have orgasm multiple times?
Male can achieve orgasm only once as penis comes to its normal state from the state of erection after the ejaculation ending with orgasm and male enters into "refractory phase" which can last from a few minutes to more time and another orgasm is not possible until "refractory phase" subsides. While in case of female vaginal contractions takes place 5 to 12 times or more with the series of succession of the vaginal contraction following rapidly one after another.
Q.Is it always necessary to achieve orgasm during intercourse?
It may not be possible to achieve orgasm each and every time as in case of male if the intercourse prolongs and he has to withdraw the penis before for any reason, before ejaculation takes place. And in case of female when male ejaculates too early before the vaginal contraction takes place. But what is important is the satisfaction so if you can get the satisfaction without orgasm then you should not worry about it.
Q.What should be done to achieve the orgasm?
Both the partners should be free from mental or physical stress. Male should use and local anaesthetic gel to prevent the early ejaculation or other methods as described in the topic "Premature ejaculation" and should try to stimulate clitoris simultaneously while doing the intercourse.

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What precaution one must take to lead healthy and normal sex life?

One must always do sex with the married spouse who is honest with each other. But when it is not possible it is advisable to stick to the one partner only in whom you trust and it highly advisable to use condom to avoid the risk of transmitting sexual transmitted diseases like the life threatening disease which includes AIDS and other diseases. They should also understand the need of partner and what likes or dislikes him/her. Understanding the need of each other is very important for the normal and satisfied sexual life. Balance diet, avoiding stress and addictions like smoking and alcoholism or drugs is the key to lead the normal and healthy sex life.
Does frequent sex can make the person feel bore?
Frequent sex can not make feel any one bore if both the partners gets full satisfaction and doesn’t have any disliking for doing the sex frequently. They should also try different positions for the intercourse to enhance the pleasure
How one must observe the cleanliness of the genitals?
Maintaining cleanliness and good hygiene of the genital organ is very important in for the healthy sex life. Male should retract the foreskin of the penis around glens penis and wash the penis with clean water daily. Female should also wash the vaginal area from front side to backside i.e. from vagina to anus with clean water. This practice can avoid the bacterial and fungal infection.
How to achieve utmost satisfaction from sex?
It is important to know the aspects of anatomy of the genitals for both partners and also to know what excites him/her. Both should discuss about it frankly and should know the liking and disliking of each other. Proper foreplay and after play is very important. Trying different positions also can enhance the satisfaction and can increase the desire for sex. Both should share their fantasies and discuss about the sexual act and should know what satisfies them. It is not always necessary to perform sexual act by penetrating penis into vagina but mere kissing, touching the genitals and rubbing the body against each other can be satisfying to both the partners.
Is it normal to do oral or anal sex?
If both the partners maintain the proper cleanliness and hygiene of the genitals and if both of them agree and have liking for it then it is normal to do oral or anal sex. If they get satisfaction and achieve orgasm there is nothing wrong in going ahead with it

Is it necessary that male and female should always reach orgasm after sexual intercourse?
If they get satisfaction from the sex, to achieve the orgasm always is not important. And also it is not possible to achieve the orgasm always during sexual intercourse.
What is orgasm?
Orgasm in male is the ejaculation of the semen into vagina by rhythmic contraction of the muscles of the penis, which leads to physical and mental pleasure. While orgasm in female is rhythmic contraction of the muscles around vagina with similar mental and physical pleasure.
How frequently one should do sexual intercourse?
This depends on person to person, as there is no time limit defined regarding frequency of sexual intercourse. If they feel comfortable and have desire and need, they can go ahead with doing it several times a day.
How much time should the sexual intercourse lasts?
This depends on person to person and even in the same person at different times. Normally it is believed that erection should lasts for 8 to 10 minutes but if both the partners can achieve orgasm and satisfaction for the duration of time less than that then they should not worry about the time. They should more think about the quality and satisfaction they achieved.
What is the ideal age to start the sexual intercourse?
This depends on the culture of the country, environment and social customs. In India people believe that they should do sexual intercourse only after marriage that means when the boy attains 21 years of age and female 18 years. While in western countries it is not considered abnormal to do sex before the marriage and they start the sexual experience as early as when they achieve puberty.
How much time does it takes for male to attain erection?
Roughly speaking it is quicker in the early years of life and gradually reduces in later years of life. But this depends as sometime it starts within few seconds and sometimes it takes longer time. It is also considered to be normal even if one person gets delayed erection always if he gets full erection and can perform sexual intercourse satisfactorily.
What is masturbation?
Masturbation is the stimulation of sexual organ deliberately to gain the sexual pleasure. It can be seen in both boys and girls. It is the normal outlet for the satisfaction of the sexual desire. It is absolutely normal way of overcoming sexual tension by doing masturbation. One should not feel guilty about doing it.
How does the male masturbate?
Male usually masturbate by holding the penis in one hand by wrapping the fingers around it and by doing to and fro movements of the hand or by rubbing the penis against some object like bed mattress or pillow or any other hard object l till erection takes place ending into ejaculation of semen.

Can masturbation change the size of the penis?
Masturbation does not change the size of the penis. Only during masturbation the penis enlarges during the stage of erection and again returns to its normal size after ejaculation.
Is it necessary using any lubricating substance for doing masturbation?
No it is not necessary to use any lubricating substance for doing masturbation as the seminal fluid secretion which starts after erection usually act as a lubricant. But there is nothing wrong if some persons have a habit of using lubricant to reduce the friction with the penis.
Is it true that losing the semen frequently by doing masturbation can reduce the sperm count?
No. It is a misconception that by doing masturbation causes the reduction of sperm count or thinning of the semen. It is the normal function of the testis to produce sperms regularly after the lose of semen and sperm count does not get affected in any after frequent masturbation.
Does masturbation makes the person weak or causes any illness?
No. Masturbation is the absolutely normal way of life to reduce the sexual tension. It never makes the person weak or causes any illness in whatsoever way. But some people do feel it psychologically by remaining under the impression of misconception but proper guidance and advice can correct it.
What should be the parent’s view towards the child who is masturbating?
Parent’s view in this matter should be very positive and they should not reprimand their child in any way. They should be supportive to understand the child’s need for it for his better health.

Is masturbation good for only unmarried persons?
Masturbation though considered to be the practiced among unmarried persons but even married persons do practice it when their spouse is away or ill or when not ready for sex.
What is nightfall or wet dreams?
Ejaculation of semen in sleep is known as nightfall or wet dreams. This is not a disease but the normal way of body to ejaculate the semen to get relief from the sexual tension. When there is excess of accumulation of semen, body has its own mechanism to ejaculate the semen.
Is wet dreams harmful or a disease?
No it is not harmful or a disease in any way as this a completely normal way of life and does not affect the body in any way.
Can wet dreams be reduced?
No. It is an involuntary activity and one does not have any control on it for reducing the nightfall.
Can wet dreams make a person weak?
No. But some people under the misinterpretation of a myth that it makes a person weak starts feeling so. But proper explanation and guidance of physician or psychologist can correct it.
Is Gynaecomastia harmful for the body?
No. It is absolutely normal phenomena due to hormonal changes that occur in body and it is a temporary phase. Most of the boys worry about it, as it is quite embarrassing for them to face it.
What is the treatment of Gynaecomastia?
In most of the cases it subsides it subsides with in a few months to a year once the level of hormones comes to normal. Physician should give them proper explanation. In very rare instances surgery is required when it does not subsides.
What is actually a “Dhatu rog”?
In India semen is known as “Dhatu”. Some times while passing urine while straining at stools cause discharge of white colored fluid which is considered to be an abnormal phenomena by some quacks and they have given it a name “Dhatu rog” as they have misinterpreted this fluid as semen but actually this fluid is a prostatic fluid, which is secreted by prostate gland.
Is it abnormal or harmful for human body?
No it is not harmful. It is normal phenomena and does not require any treatment.
What is Gynaecomastia?
Gynaecomastia is a condition in which breast of the boys gets enlarged during puberty. It occurs due to hormonal changes, which occurs during puberty.
What is virginity?
Virginity is a state of female where she has never had sexual intercourse before. Though this term is commonly referred for the female only, this can implies to male also.
How can you decide whether a girl is a virgin?
Most people believe that intact hymen in the vagina is the sign of a virginity. Hymen is a thin membrane guarding the vaginal opening but it is not always true. We have to rely on the honesty of the female in regards to her saying.
Does the absent or ruptured hymen of the female indicate that she is not virgin?
No. Because hymen is a thin membrane which can be ruptured by strenuous activities such as sports or by accident or a fall. In some females it is absent since birth. Similarly presence of hymen not always indicate that female is a virgin because hymen has a tiny opening which does not admit even tip of the finger. But due to its elasticity, which is variable in different females, hymen remains intact even after sexual intercourse and gets ruptured only after childbirth.
What is masturbation?
Masturbation is the stimulation of sexual organ deliberately to gain the sexual pleasure. It can be seen in both boys and girls. It is the normal outlet for the satisfaction of the sexual desire. It is absolutely normal way of overcoming sexual tension by doing masturbation. One should not feel guilty about doing it.
How do females masturbate?
Females usually masturbate by stimulating the clitoris by messaging and caressing it. Clitoris is a small structure around a size of a pea, which is made up of erectile tissue situated in the vagina where outer lips (labia major) unite at the top. Clitoris in a female has a function of erection after stimulation similar to that in male and is very sensitive. They also caress and massage breasts, vaginal lips and fantasize about sex.
How to achieve orgasm while masturbating?
Orgasm is the rhythmic contraction of the vaginal muscles after sex, which is accompanied by mental and physical pleasure. Occasionally masturbation also results into orgasm. To achieve the orgasm, female should select quiet space and she should not be under any mental or physical stress. She should start fantasize about sex and also starts messaging and caressing the breasts and vaginal lips. Now after clitoris gets erected, she should continue messaging the clitoris with the finger. When tension starts building around the vaginal area with the sensation of warmth and feeling of vaginal wetness, she should not stop messaging the clitoris. After sometime, clitoris becomes so much sensitive that it remains sensitive even if she stops messaging the clitoris and finally she starts feeling orgasm with the waves of contraction of vaginal muscles.
Does masturbation changes the size of vagina?
No. Masturbation never changes the size of the vagina. Erection of the clitoris, change in the color of the sexual organs during masturbation is due to sexual stimulation and it is temporary phase after which it again returns to its normal state.
Does masturbation causes any disease or illness?
No. Masturbation does not cause any disease, illness or weakness. Some females do feel weak or develop depression after masturbation due to guilty feeling. This can be corrected by proper explanation by physician or psychologist.
Is it necessary to have large breasts?
It is not necessary to have large size breast because females with small breast also feel the same stimulation as the one with the larger size breast. So one should not feel shy about it but should have confidence in her and walk straight with shoulders pulling backside, to reduce the inferiority complex. Your lover if he really loves you, will not consider the size of the breast.
Does any medicines, creams or lotions helps in increasing the size of the breast?
No medicines or external application can change the size of the breasts even though you read advertisements for the similar products. These people take the undue advantage of the inferiority complex, which prevails in the females due to small breast, to mint the money.
Does any exercise help in increasing the size of the breasts?
Exercise can only increase the tone of the muscles of the chest so that breasts looks firm. But breast is not made up of muscles but it has adipose and glandular tissue so exercise does not help in increasing the size of the breasts.
What is the only way to increase the size of the breasts?
The only alternative remain is the plastic surgery like silicon implants or breast augmentation surgery. But it is advisable only if you have much inferiority complex to cause depression or psychological disorder owing to the small breasts. But such plastic surgeries are expensive and carry a risk as no surgery can be considered without risk.
Does size of both the breasts is equal and what is the treatment if one breast is smaller than other is?
Though size of both the breasts looks equal, it is normal to have one breast is smaller than the other is. No treatment is necessary in this case. Very rarely the difference is much and in that case surgery may be considered.
Is it abnormal to have hair around breast region?
It is normal to have hairs between two breasts and around areola.
Is it necessary that nipples should be pink colored and large?
The color and size of the nipple varies in every female. In some female it is pink, brown or dark brown colored and size also can vary from small to large.
When one should start self-examination of the breast to check for the lump?
Although incidence of tumor or cyst of breast is more in elderly women, it is necessary to start learning self-examination of the breast when breast starts developing so it becomes a good habit for her for rest of the life
Is it okay to go for dating?
There is nothing wrong to go for dating if your parents have no objection in it and if you think that the boy with whom with you are going is honest and well known to you.
Is it okay to do sexual intercourse for a teen-age girl?
As per the Indian law the sexual intercourse with the girl under the age of 16 years is considered as a rape even if it is done with the consent of the girl. More over it depends on person to person, social customs and culture. Due to increasing effect of westernisation some girls do go for teen-age sex. But before going for the sex you should weigh the pros and cons and should know what will be the after effects of it and what will be the parent’s reaction to it. If you consider the above matter and take the right decision you can go ahead with sex.
How should a virgin girl go about sex life?
Very carefully and decisively. She should have a steady and honest partner who understands her and cares for her. She should use right method of contraception. She should not feel guilty about it or should not remain under stress after continuing sexual relationship otherwise she can develop psychological disorder like depression.
Does it hurt if teen-age girl goes for the sex for the first time?
There may be slight bleeding and pain, which can be bearable. But if the partner is rough and in hurry to penetrate the penis into the vagina before lubrication takes place then due to the friction, the severity of pain can be more and it can turn into nightmare instead of enjoying the sex.
Which position is ideal for the teen-age girl to do sex?
The decision of ideal position is based on understanding of both the partners that which position will suit them. But ideally “female on top position” will prove to safe as it will allow a girl to make the entry of penis into vagina after lubrication and she can control the speed of the thrust of the penis causing minimal pain.
Why does vagina gets wet when she gets sexual excitement?
After sexual excitement, vagina starts secreting a lubricating fluid from the glands situated in the vaginal. This function is similar to an erection in male, which occurs after sexual excitement. This lubrication will make the entry of penis into vagina much easier and smoothly.
How many times does male and female achieve orgasm during sexual intercourse?
Male can achieve orgasm only once when penis dilates and ejaculates semen inside the vagina. While female can achieve orgasm multiple times usually when vaginal contraction takes place 5 to12 times or more with a gap of a second, during the intercourse.
Why female is lucky to have orgasm multiple times?
Male can achieve orgasm only once as penis comes to its normal state from the state of erection after the ejaculation ending with orgasm and male enters into “refractory phase” which can last from a few minutes to more time and another orgasm is not possible until “refractory phase” subsides. While in case of female vaginal contractions takes place 5 to 12 times or more with the series of succession of the vaginal contraction following rapidly one after another.
Is it always necessary to achieve orgasm during intercourse?
It may not be possible to achieve orgasm each and every time as in case of male if the intercourse prolongs and he has to withdraw the penis before for any reason, before ejaculation takes place. And in case of female when male ejaculates too early before the vaginal contraction takes place. But what is important is the satisfaction so if you can get the satisfaction without orgasm then you should not worry about it.
What should be done to achieve the orgasm?
Both the partners should be free from mental or physical stress. Male should use and local anaesthetic gel to prevent the early ejaculation or other methods as described in the topic “Premature ejaculation” and should try to stimulate clitoris simultaneously while doing the intercourse.
What is the ideal time for the sexual intercourse?
Actually speaking there is no time specified as to be the ideal time to do the sexual intercourse. Whenever both the partners feel at ease and mentally and physically prepared they can do the intercourse irrespective of time.
Is there any influence of any dietary factors on the performance of sex?
No there is no influence of any dietary factors on the performance of sex. But excess of alcoholic drinks can increase the desire but reduce the performance by reducing the erection of penis. Some times starving for long time and overeating can reduce the performance but not always.
Is there any relation between the time of ovulation for female and her sexual performance?
Ovulation means the time when ovum releases from the ovary and that time is considered as best for the fertilization

Is it true that making frequent sexual intercourse can make a person physically weak?
No making frequent sexual intercourse can never make any one physically weak but someone if mislead by myth can feel psychologically so but with proper explanation he can overcome this problem.
Is it true that making frequent sex can lead to impotence or cause thinning of semen?
No there is no reality in this statement but due to ignorance and when mislead by sexual myth people feel so but it is wrong.
Should the person suffering from heart ailments should avoid sex?
No the person can continue his sexual life as per the advice from physician.
What is menstruation?
Menstruation is the monthly bleeding from the uterus through the vagina for 4 to 5 days after every 28 days during the reproductive life of the female from puberty to menopause.
What is dysmenorrhoea?
Dysmenorrhoea means painful menstruation. Slight pain in abdomen or back during beginning the menstruation may be normal but if female gets colicky and cramp like pain in the abdomen, pelvic region or back before or during menstruation and which lasts for more days then she is suffering from dysmenorrhoea. She should consult physician or gynecologist for the advice.
What is leucorrhoea?
Leucorrhoea means flowing of white discharge from the vagina. This can be commonly due to infection by bacteria or protozoa. She should consult physician or gynecologist for the advice

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This site is Prepared / Dr.Seshagirirao,Vandana-MBBS Srikakulam_A.P(India)

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