DOG BITE
Rabies
What is rabies:-
| Rabies, also known as hydrophobia, is a dangerous zoonotic disease caused by a neurotropic virus_ lyssa virus. It is probably the most feared disease of all human diseases and has a 100 percent fatality rate. Rabies is defined as an acute viral encephalitis usually transmitted from animal to animal or from animal to human by exposure to saliva. The disease primarily occurs in all warm-blooded animals and is caused by the bite of the rabies-affected animals-the carnivarus animals,like dogs,cats ,fox,wolf,jackle,bears etc. Human infection with rabies is nearly always secondary to animal bite, although exposures through the inhalation of virus or through the transplantation of infected cornea also occur. In most of the world as well as in India, the major reservoir for human rabies is the dog, responsible for an enormous incidence of bites in humans. It is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. The Latin word "Rabies" seems to have originated from the Sanskrit word "Rabhas" which means, "to do violence" |
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What are the symptoms of Rabies
| Early symptoms may include irritability (Restlessness), head ach, fever and itching or pain at the exposed site .The disease eventually progresses to spasms of the throat (difficulty in swallowing ) and the muscles used for breathing (breathlessness),convulsions (giddiness),delirium(mentally disturbed), paralysis and even death. Once symptoms appear only supportive treatment is possible. |
 
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Is a human able to spread Rabies?
Person to person transmission is rare , however, precautions should be taken to prevent exposure to the saliva of the diseased person. In India there are 3 millions dog bites every year, and nearly 30,000 deaths due to rabies have been reported yearly
How soon after Exposure do Symptoms appear?
The time between bite and the onset of sympotms _the incubation period , is variable but avarages between 9 -90 days in humans-if the bite iss more nearer to the brain , less the incubation period and more severe the disease. However cases of Rabies have been reported even after one year of dog bite.
How cna Rabies be
prevented?
* Be a responsible pet owner keep vaccinations current for your dogs and cats
*Contact animal contorle department to remove stray animals or animals acting sick or strange inourneighbourhood.
*Teach children not to handle or approach unfamiliar animals and not to touch dead animals.
Treatment:-
| Local: 1.The bite must be carefully cleaned and washed throughly,preferably under runningwater with soap for at least 5 minutes. 2.apply any antiseptic liquid available at home. 3.Donot suture the wound, apply tincture iodine or benzene,or antibiotic ointment. |
 
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Specific:- 1. tetanus toxoid inj. is to be given to prevent chances of tetanus in future. For pain relief -analgesi like Nimsulide 1 tab 3 times / day and to prevent wound infection-an antibiotic like Ciprofloxin 500 mg 2 times/day for 3-4 days to be taken.
2.active vaccination to be given_ the available vaccines are listed below and any one of them to be taken---
a) ARV-(Coonoor_pastuer Institute of India) It is a sheep brain extract, dosage 2cc-5cc depending on the age ,size and place of wound ,sc arround umblicus .
b)ABHAY RAB-(Indian Immulogical Ltd) a verocel culture extract-pre exposure3 doses:0,7,21 days.For post exposure5doses:0,3,7,14,28days.im.
c)VERORAB-(Ranbaxy)a verocell culture extract.For pre-exposure3doses:0,7,21 days.For post exposure 5 doses:0,3,7,14,28days.im.
d)RABIPURE-(Hoest)it is chick embrio extract.For pre-exposure3doses:0,7,21 days.For post exposure 5 doses:0,3,7,14,28days.im.
e)VAXIRAB-(zydus-biogen) a duck embrio extract.For pre-exposure3doses:0,7,21 days.For post exposure 5 doses:0,3,7,14,28 days. im.
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This site is Prepared / Dr.Seshagirirao,Vandana-MBBS Srikakulam_A.P(India)
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