But meanwhile we are in the first phase of what is
perhaps the penultimate revolution. It's next phase
may be atomic warfare, in which case we do not have
to bother with prophecies about the future. But it
is conceivable that we may have enough sense, if not
to stop fighting altogether, at least to behave as
rationally as did our eighteenth-century ancestors.
The unimaginable horrors of the Thirty Years War
actually taught men a lesson, and for more than a
hundred years the politicians and generals of Europe
consciously resisted the temptation to use their
military resources to the limits of destructiveness
or (in the majority of conflicts) to go on fighting
until the enemy was totally annihilated. They were
aggressors, of course, greedy for profit and glory;
but they were also conservatives, determined at all
costs to keep their world intact, as a going
concern. For the last thirty years there have been
no conservatives; there have been only nationalistic
radicals of the right and nationalistic radicals of
the left. The last conservative statesman was the
fifth Marquess of Lansdowne; and when he wrote a
letter to the Times, suggesting that the
First World War should be concluded with a
compromise, as most of the wars of the eighteenth
century had been, the editor of that once great
conservative journal refused to print it. The
nationalistic radicals had their way, with the
consequences that we all know--Bolshevism, Fascism,
inflation, depression, Hitler, the Second World War,
the ruin of Europe and all but universal famine.
Assuming, then, that we are capable of learning as
much from Hiroshima as our forefathers learned from
Magdeburg, we may look forward to a period, not
indeed of peace, but of limited and only partially
ruinous warfare. During that period it may be
assumed that nuclear energy will be harnessed to
industrial uses. The result, pretty obviously, will
be a series of economic and social changes
unprecedented in rapidity and completeness. All the
existing patterns of human life will be disrupted
and new patterns will have to be improvised to
conform with the nonhuman fact of atomic
power...These far from painless operations will be
directed by highly centralized totalitarian
governments. Inevitably so; for the immediate future
is likely to resemble the immediate past, and in the
immediate past rapid technological changes, taking
place in a mass-producing economy and among a
population predominantly propertyless, have always
tended to produce economic and social confusion. To
deal with confusion, power has been centralized and
government control increased. It is probable that
all the world's governments will be more or less
completely totalitarian even before the
harnessing of atomic energy; that they will be
totalitarian during and after the harnessing seems
almost certain. Only a large-scale popular movement
toward decentralization and self-help can arrest the
present tendency toward statism. At present there is
no sign that such a movement will take place...
A really efficient totalitarian state would be one
in which the all-powerful executive of political
bosses and their army of managers control a
population of slaves who do not have to be coerced,
because they love their servitude. To make them
love it is the task assigned, in present-day
totalitarian states, to ministries of propaganda,
newspaper editors and schoolteachers (emphasis
added)...The greatest triumphs of propaganda have
been accomplished, not by doing something, but by
refraining from doing. Great is truth, but still
greater, from a practical point of view, is silence
about truth...But silence is not enough...the
positive sides of propaganda must be made as
effective as the negative. The most important
Manhattan Projects of the future will be vast
government-sponsored enquiries into what the
politicians and the participating scientists will
call "the problem of happiness"--in other words, the
problem of making people love their servitude.
Without economic security, the love of servitude
cannot possibly come into existence...But security
tends very quickly to be taken for granted. It's
achievement is merely a superficial, external
revolution. The love of servitude cannot be
established except as the result of a deep, personal
revolution in human minds and bodies. To bring about
that revolution we require, among others, the
following discoveries and inventions. First, a
greatly improved technique of suggestion--through
infant conditioning and, later, with the aid of
drugs, such as scopolamine. Second, a fully
developed science of human differences, enabling
government managers to assign any given individual
to his or her proper place in the social and
economic hierarchy...Third...a substitute for alcohol
and the other narcotics, something at once less
harmful and more pleasure-giving than gin or heroin.
And fourth...a foolproof system of eugenics, designed
to standardize the human product and so to
facilitate the task of the managers (emphasis
added)...Technically and ideologically we are still
a long way from bottled babies and Bokanovsky groups
of semi-morons...Meanwhile the other characteristic
features of that happier and more stable world--the
equivalents of soma and hypnopaedia and the
scientific caste system--are probably not more than
three or four generations away...There are
already certain American cities in which the number
of divorces is equal to the number of marriages. In
a few years, no doubt, marriage licenses will be
sold like dog licenses, good for a period of twelve
months, with no law against changing dogs or keeping
more than one animal at a time. As political and
economic freedom diminishes, sexual freedom tends
compensatingly to increase. And the dictator...will
do well to encourage that freedom. In conjunction
with the freedom to daydream under the influence of
dope and movies and the radio, it will help to
reconcile his subjects to the servitude which is
their fate (emphasis added).
All things considered it looks as though Utopia were
far closer to us than anyone, only fifteen years
ago, could have imagined...Today it seems quite
possible that the horror may be upon us within a
single century. That is, if we refrain from blowing
ourselves to smithereens in the interval. Indeed,
unless we choose to decentralize and to use applied
science, not as the end to which human beings are to
be made the means, but as the means to producing a
race of free individuals, we have only two
alternatives to choose from: either a number of
national, militarized totalitarianisms, having as
their root the terror of the atomic bomb and as
their consequence the destruction of
civilization...; or else one supranational
totalitarianism, called into existence by the social
chaos resulting from rapid technological progress in
general and the atomic revolution in particular, and
developing, under the need for efficiency and
stability, into the welfare-tyranny of Utopia
(emphasis added). You pays your money and you takes
your choice.”
---excerpted from the 1946 Foreword to BRAVE NEW
WORLD copyright © 1932, 1946 by ALDOUS HUXLEY,
Harper & Row Publishers, New York
