Assignment 1 - Town Planning Design Process

Vision - Statement of Intent

initial thought; justify the purpose for construction

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The preliminaries of design

Inspect the site for natural features, etc.
Evaluate the potential of the site
Opportunities for Growth and development

It may be laid down as an axiom that each particular town or city will have some special characteristic or distinctive feature, that will influence and dominate the whole design. The social, civic, and industrial character of the city, and its situation and general topographical character have all to be carefully considered, and given their proper importance and place in the design.

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No Potential

Potential

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Policies, Legislations,
Environmental Impact Studies
Local Planning Requirements

Before considering the development of a city a designer needs to be familiar with certain government regulations that would always apply to a place and would reflect local laws and methods of operation.

This means that a designer will need to take into account :

1. The provision of an adequate water supply.
2. An efficient sewerage and drainage system.
3. Proper sanitary arrangements, scavenging, and the removal and disposal of house refuse.
4. The construction of main, secondary, and residential roads, and streets and bridges.
5. A railway system, tramways, or other means of communication.
6. Gas and electricity for lighting or power, and hydraulic, pneumatic, or other forms of power.
7. The provision of parks recreation grounds, and open spaces.
8. Public, industrial, and residential buildings, the necessity for architectural and artistic treatment of the public and private buildings, parks, etc.

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Lay Down a Mental Model and Relationships,
Combinations of the Features

taking into account natural features of the site
historical and social situation of the location

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Grid

The choice of the grid for a site will depend on the geographic location, the land features as well as political and social order of the place. There could be appropriated 3 major Systems:

Rectangular Street System
The Rectangular System, has from the point of view of building construction gives a better sense of orientation in regard to travelling through a city.

Radial Street System
Radial Centers may be defined as the centres round which either particular types of, or even general activity, will tend to concentrate, or they may be centres of aesthetic or intellectual interest, and it is obvious therefore that they should, as a rule, lie on the leading lines of communication between one place and another: in fact the lines joining the centres, and the prolongations of such lines, ought to be the main arteries of traffic--the leading streets of the city.

Combination of Radial and Rectangular Street Systems
On a site, strict conformity to any general and supposed ideal scheme for the system of streets is often not practical. Conformity to the fundamental design should therefore not be inflexible. If modifications will avoid the difficulty, there can be no valid reason for hesitating to make them. Therefore radial and rectangular systems can be used to complement each other and improve the circulation in a city. Sometimes, as for example in the case of Tashkent these combinations are also influenced by the historical and social factors.

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Analyze Various Types of Buildings and Decide their Respective Uses

Classification of Buildings:
Business, Dwellings, Recreation, Transport, Industrial
(this covers the features, which enter into city planning and gives details of the requirements of the different classes and kinds of buildings)

Having obtained our contour plan with the natural features of the site, and having these issues in mind we proceed to locate the different areas, such as government, commercial, residential and industrial areas, etc. There are also some constraints that apply to the configuration and combination of different areas that a designer needs to take into account.

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Mapping of the Components to fit the Grid

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Operational Planning Stage

(Program, Resources and Tech. Details:
Project management includes organising design development and contract documents to be approved by the appropriate authorities before the Implementation stage)

Implementation - Building

Needs to take into consideration Material, Construction Costs: The direct contractor costs for labor, material, equipment, and services; contractors overhead and profit; and other direct construction costs. Construction cost does not include the compensation paid to the architect and engineer and consultants, the cost of the land, rights-of-way or other costs which are defined in the contract documents as being the responsibility of the owner.

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As-Built

Record Drawings: Contract drawings marked up to reflect changes made during the construction process. It is good practice to make As-Built drawings by marking the changes on reproducible drawings such a sepias
for the duplication purposes later.