| GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A gerund is the �ing form of a verb ( talking, playing, doing, singing ) An infinitive is to + verb1 ( to talk, to play, to do, to sing ) I like playing football. / I want to play football. She is interested in collecting stamps. / It�s fun to collect stamps. GERUNDS AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE Playing tennis is fun. / Swimming is my favourite sport. Teaching English is a difficult job. / Being healthy is the most important thing in life. Reading a lot is a good quality. / Lying is a bad habbit. Smoking causes cancer. / Helping people makes me very happy. EXERCISE Complete the sentences using a gerund ........................ isn�t easy. / ......................... can be interesting. ........................ is hard. / ................... is usually a lot of fun. ........................ was a good experince. / ........................ makes me crazy. ........................ is boring. Possible answers: Solving this kind of problems / Visiting a museum / Finding a good job / Playing computer games / Attending that meeting / His complaining / Listening to him IT + ADJECTIVE + INFINITIVE It is fun to play tennis. / It is important to learn a foreing language. It is easy to play chess. / It�s sometimes boring to read history books. It�s a bad habbit to lie. / It�s a good quality to read a lot. It�s a good idea to go for a picnic tomorrow. It�s possible for us to buy a new photocopier this month. EXERCISES Rewrite the sentences changing them with a gerund or an infinitive. It�s fun to ride a horse. ....... Working hard is necessary . ............ It�s a bad habbit to gossip. ........... Climbing the hill is impossible. ......... It�s good for you to do exercise in the morning .......... Learning English is very important today. ......... It�s a good idea to study Maths together. ......... VERB + GERUNDS (- ing) / VERB + INFINITIVES (to...) Verbs + to ... (I want to do something.) want / plan / decide / try / hope / expect / offer / forget / + to ...(to do / to work / to be ...) need / promise / refuse / learn What do you want to do this evening? I need to buy a new pair of boots. Tina has decided to sell her car. You forgot to post the letter, didn�t you? My brother is learning to drive. I tried to mend the car on my own but I couldn�t. Verbs + - ing ( I enjoy doing something. ) enjoy / stop / mind / finish / suggest + - ing ( doing / working / being ) I enjoy listening to music. I don�t mind getting up early. He doesn�t mind working day and night. Would you mind opening the window? Has it stopped raining yet? Sonia suggested going to the cinema. Verbs + ing or to ... like / love / start / prefer + - ing (doing) or to ... (to do) hate / begin / continue Do you like going / to go to the cinema? I prefer travelling / to travel by car. Ann loves dancing / to dance. I hate being / to be late It started raining / to rain. Would + like / love / prefer / hate + to ... (to do / to work / to be) Julia would like to meet you. I�d love to go to Australia. Would you like to have something to drink? �Let�s take a taxi.� �No, I�d prefer to walk home.� I wouldn�t like to be teacher. VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE (to ...) Want / would like / ask / tell / allow / recommend / advise somebody to do something I want you to be happy. / I�d like him to be more polite. / I�ll ask Robert to lend me some money. The teacher told us not to make noise. / George allowed her daughter to go to the party. / Jane recommended us to eat in this restaurant. The doctor advised me to stop smoking. |
Make and let After make and let we do not use �to�. Make somebody do something Our boss makes us work very hard. You make me laugh very much. We made them clean the house. Let somebody do something I let him go. My father let me drive the car. Will you let me use your bicyle tomorrow? Help somebody to do / do something I helped him do his homework. They won�t help us to repair the roof. INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE: TO.... / IN ORDER TO... He came here to ask for help. He came here in order to ask for help. I went to the shop to buy some bread. I went to the shop in order to buy some bread. We need a lot of money to pay the bills. We need a lot of money in order to pay the bills. To + verb / for + noun I went to the shop to buy a newspaper. I went to the shop for a newspaper. We need some money to buy food. We need some money for food. They�re going to Istanbul to see their friends. They�re going to �stanbul for business. |
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| Surfing is his favourite sport. He enjoys surfing very much. He is crazy about surfing. He wants to surf all day today. It's very enjoyable for him to surf. |