Keywords: Veterninary letters, animals sciences journals, Animal husbandry, cattles, chicken journals

Veterinaria
The Vet Letters (Veterinary Letters) is an global peer-reviewed journal dedicated to providing to the advancement and dissemination of scientific knowledge concerning veterinary sciences and related academic disciplines. This journal is published four times per year in March, June, September and December) in English. It covers all the scientific and technological aspects of veterinary sciences including, fisheries, poultry, anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, virology, pathology, public health, nutrition, parasitology, infectious diseases, clinical sciences, alternative veterinary medicine and other biomedical fields.
Articles in Focus
Title: Semen Extenders and Artificial Insemination in Ruminants
Authors: Fawad Ur Rehman, Chunquo Zhao, Muhammad Ali Shah, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Xuemei Wang
Highlights
Artificial insemination is one of the important tools for genetic improvement in modern dairy breeding practices and it is only possible with efficient extender. Extender has a vital role in the preservation of sperm cell and its quality parameters such as viability, motility, acrosome and membrane integrity etc. Semen extenders contain buffering system to maintain pH of the medium (Tris, Sodium Phosphate, Citric acid), cryoshock preservatives (Glycerin, Egg yolk, Soy-lecithin, Milk), provide energy (Fructose) and guarantee the microbial free environment i.e. antibiotics (Streptomycin, Penicillin, Polymixin B). Here, in this review we will focus on the effects of different extender ingredients used for dilution of semen in ruminants to achieve Artificial insemination (AI).
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