Forensic Medicine: Branch of pathology, the study of determining the processes of disease. Forensic medicine is used to answer legal questions such as how long a person has been dead and the cause of death.
Forensic Toxicology: Determines the effects of chemicals on the internal environment of the body and the conditions in which they occur. Applications of forensic toxicology include blood alcohol and drug testing.
Forensic Entomology: Study of insects relative to legal issues. After death, the body will attract different types of insects at various intervals. By examining the developmental stage of such insects, scientists can estimate the time of death.
Forensic Serology: Study of blood and other bodily fluids for identification purposes. Forensic serologists also conduct DNA fingerprinting, which can identify an individual from body fluid samples.
Forensic Linguistics: The process of analyzing the content of written or oral communication to identify who is speaking or to determine whether two communications are from the same person.
Forensic Engineering: Engages in tasks related to reconstructing crime scenes or demonstrating a murder.
Forensic Art: Uses composite sketches based on interviews from witnesses and victims to help visually identify suspects. Forensic artists may also create three-dimensional facial reconstruction from skeletal remains; computer-generated and hand-drawn age progressions of suspects and/or missing persons; and image enhancement.
Forensic Geology: (geoforensics) The study of salt, rock, or water samples. This science can determine where an individual has walked by analyzing samples taken from their shoes. Forensic geology has been utilized to determine the historical concentrations of cancer-causing agents in the soil, water, and air for use in court cases.
Forensic Psychology: Uses both scientific and clinical psychology within a legal context. Forensic psychologists help determine a person's competence or incompetence to stand trial.
Computer Forensics: Involves the preservation, identification, extraction and documentation of computer evidence stored as data or magnetically encoded information.
Forensic Document Examination: Involves the study of documents by examining handwriting, hand printing, typewriting, commercial printing, photocopies, papers, and inks in order to establish authenticity or to detect alterations.