OUTLINE FOR CHAPTER 8:  CELL REPRODUCTION                           Mrs. Schalles

I.  Introduction     (What kinds of cells divide?  How does this happen?)

II.  Chromosome Structure

            A.  Structures

                        1.  Chromosomes

                        2.  Histones

                        3.  Chromatid

                        4.  Centromeres

                        5.  Chromatin

            B.  Chromosome Numbers

                        1.  Numbers in different species

                        2.  Sex Chromosomes

                        3.  Autosomes

                        4.  Homologous chromosomes

                        5.  Karyotype

                        6.  Diploid Cells

                        7.  Haploid Cells

III.  Cell Division

            A.  Prokaryotic Cell Division   (binary fission)

            B.  Eukaryotic Cell Division

                        1.  2 kinds:  Mitosis occurs in cells for growth, development, repair or asexual reproduction.

                                            Meiosis occurs during formation of gametes for sexual reproduction

                        2.  The cell cycle

                                    a.  INTERPHASE – The time between cell divisions

                                                G1  phase

                                                S     phase

                                                G2  phase

                                                Go  phase

                                    b. CELL DIVISION- When chromosomes & cytoplasm are equally divided.

                                                Mitosis

                                                Cytokinesis

            C.  Stages of Mitosis

                        1.  PROPHASE

                        2.  METAPHASE

                        3.  ANAPHASE

                        4.  TELOPHASE

            D.  Cytokinesis

                        1.  In animal cells- cleavage furrow

                        2.  In plant cells-  cell plate

            E.  Control of Cell Division              

IV.  Meiosis- formation of haploid gametes for sexual reproduction

            A.  Phases:

                              MEIOSIS I                                         MEIOSIS II

                        1.  PROPHASE I (*synapsis, *tetrad)    5.  PROPHASE II

                        2.  METAPHASE I                                       6.  METAPHASE II

3.  ANAPHASE I                                       7.  ANAPHASE II

4.  TELOPHASE I                                       8.  TELOPHASE II

            B.  Gametes

                        1.  Spermatogenesis            (production of sperm)              

2.  Oogenesis                    (produces 1 egg, 3 polar bodies)