COMMONLY PRESCRIBED DRUGS
ANALGESICS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

NONNARCOTIC acetaminophen (aspirin-free Anacin, Bufferin AF, Excedrin, Feverall, Liquiprin, Midol, Panadol, Percogesic, Phenaphen, aspirin-free St. Joseph, Tempra, Tylenol) OTC		Heavy drinking of alcohol may increase risk of liver damage.	Not recommended for use for more than 3 days for fever or 10 days for pain. Overdose can cause liver failure; prolonged use can damage kidneys.

aspirin (Anacin, Ascriptin, Bayer, Bufferin, Empirin, St. Joseph) OTC (Easprin) Rx	Nausea/vomiting; indigestion; possible GI bleeding.	May increase effect of anticoagulants and oral antidiabetic agents. May decrease effect of gout medications (especially allopurinol). Use with NSAIDs, cortico-steroids, or alcohol increases risk of stomach irri tation.	Taking high doses during pregnancy may lead to birth defects. Taken near term may delay labor. Breast-feeding not recommended. Prolonged use can cause stomach bleeding and stomach ulcers.

NARCOTIC butalbital, aspirin + caffeine (Fiorinal) C-III butalbital, acetaminophen + caffeine (Esgie, Fioricet)	Dizziness/light-headedness; intoxicated feeling; drowsiness; nausea; abdominal pain	CNS depressants (i.e., narcotics, tranquilizers, antianxiety) increase CNS depression. Use with MAO inhibitors increases risk of CNS depression and may increase blood pressure. Use with anticoagulants increases risk of bleeding. Us e with oral antidiabetics/insulin Increases risk of hypoglycemia. Use with NSAIDs increases risk of stomach ulcer and stomach bleeding. Decreases effectiveness of gout medications (i.e., probenecid,sulfinpyrazone).	Use caution in elderly and if have head injury, peptic ulcer, or liver/ kidney impairment. Use not recommended in child less than 12 or when breast-feeding. Avoid driving or any other activity requiring mental alertness or physical coordination. Drug d ependence may develop.

hydrocodone + ace-taminophen (Anexsia, Hydrocet, HyPhen, Lortab, Vicodin, Zydone) C-III codeine + acetaminophen C-III, hydrocodone + aspirin (Azdone, Lortab ASA) C-III	Nausea/vomiting; light-headedness/dizziness; sedation/drowsiness	CNS depressants (other narcotics, sedatives, hypnotics, antianxiety, antidepressants) and MAO inhibitors increase CNS depression. Antinauseants alter hydrocodone's effect. Anticholinergic agents increase risk of bowel disord ers. Avoid alcohol.	Should not be used during pregnancy or while breast-feeding. Use caution if elderly, have pulmonary disease, liver/kidney impairment, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, or enlarged prostate. Drug dependence may develop. Avoid driving and other potentia lly hazardous activities, as mental alertness and physical coordination may be impaired.

ANALGESICS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

oxycodone + ace-taminophen (Percocet, Roxicet, Roxicodone, Tylox) C-II oxycodone + aspirin (Percodan)	Light-headedness; dizziness; sedation; nausea/vomiting	CNS depressants increase CNS depression. Oxycodone increases effect of tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors. Use with anticholinergic agents increases risk of bowel obstruction. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly and if have severe kidney/liver impairment, head injury, hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, or enlarged prostate. Not for use in child under 6; use caution in child 6 or older. Drug dependence may develop. Avoid driving and other potentially hazardous activities, as mental alertness and physical coordination may be impaired.

propoxyphene (Darvocet-N, Darvon, Dolene, Doxaphene, Wygesic) C-IV	Dizziness/drowsiness; nausea/vomiting; intoxicated feeling	Tricyclic antidepressants, barbiturates, other CNS depressants, oral anticoagulants, and MAO inhibitors increase CNS depression. Use with carbamazepine can cause severe adverse reactions, including coma. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly or if have kidney/ liver disease; reduced dose may be necessary. Should not be used during pregnancy. Use in children not recommended. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery, as mental capacity and physical coordination may b e impaired. Drug dependence may develop.

ANTIBIOTICS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

CEPHALOSPORINS cefaclor (Ceclor)	Diarrhea; itching; rash; joint pain/swelling	Probenecid may increase cefaclor blood levels. Use with aminoglycoside antibiotics may increase risk of kidney damage.	Use caution if have history of drug allergies (especially to penicillin) or of GI problems. Safety and effectiveness not established in children less than 1 month old. If kidney is impaired, close monitoring is advised.

cefadroxil (Duricef, Ultracef)	Rash; diarrhea; genital itching	Probenecid increases cefadroxil blood levels.	Use caution if have a history of drug allergies (especially to penicillin) or GI problems (i.e., colitis). Large doses may trigger seizures if kidney is impaired.

cefuroxime (Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef)	Headache; dizziness; diarrhea; nausea/vomiting; rash	Probenecid increases cefuroxime blood levels. Use with aminoglycosides and potent diuretics increases risk of kidney damage.	Use caution if have a history of drug allergies (especially to penicillin) or of GI problems (i.e., colitis). Large doses may cause seizures if kidney function is impaired.

ERYTHROMYCIN erythromycin (EES, E-Mycin, ERYC, Eryped, Ery-Tab, Erythrocin, Ilosone, Ilotycin, PCE)	Nausea/vomiting; diarrhea; rash/itching	May increase action or side effects of theophylline, carbamazepine, digoxin, oral anticoagulants. Use with cyclosporine can increase risk of kidney damage.	Avoid or use with caution if liver/kidney function is impaired or if have syphilis. Prolonged use increases risk of liver damage.

ANTIBIOTICS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

PENICILLINS amoxicillin (Amoxil, Augmentin, Larotid, Polymox, Trimox, Wymox)	Rash; nausea/vomiting; fatigue/weakness; diarrhea; itching	May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives and increase risk of breakthrough bleeding. Use with other antibiotics lowers effectiveness of amoxicillin. Probenecid increases amoxicillin blood levels and may cause toxicity.	Use caution if have history of allergies (especially to cephalosporins).

Penicillin V (Betapen-VK, Ledercillin VK, Pen-Vee K, V-cillin K, Veetids)	Nausea/vomiting; diarrhea; rash; black, hairy tongue	Probenecid increases penicillin blood levels and may cause toxicity.	Use caution if have history of allergies (especially of cephalosporins). Prolonged use may increase risk of yeast infections and diarrhea. Continue taking drug for entire length of treatment (usually 10 days).

QUINOLONES ciprofloxacin (Cipro)	Headache; rash; nausea/vomiting; diarrhea; abdominal pain/discomfort; light-sensitivity; tremor; restlessness; light-headedness; confusion	Increases the effect of warfarin. Probenecid increases ciprofloxacin blood levels. Use with fenoprofen increases risk of seizures and CNS stimulation. Use with theophylline increases risk of serious reactions (i.e., cardiac arrest, seizures). Taken with certain ant-acids lowers the effect of ciprofloxacin.	Safety not established in children under 18. Adjust dosage if liver or kidney function is impaired. Use caution if have convulsive disorder. Take 2 hours after meals.

TETRACYCLINES tetracycline (Achromycin, Achromycin V, Panmycin, Robitet, Sumycin, Topicycline)	Nausea/vomiting; diarrhea; light-sensitive rash; rash/itching	May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives and increase risk of breakthough bleeding. Tetracycline interferes with action of penicillins and increases action of oral anticoagulants and lithium. Ant-acids, iron, and dairy products interfere with the absorption of tetracycline.	Pregnant and nursing women should not use. Not recommended for use in children younger than 8 years old. Use caution if have syphilis. Lower doses are necessary if kidney is impaired. Avoid UV light.

OTHER ANTI-INFECTIVES nitrofurantoin (Furadantin, Macrodantin)	Loss of appetite; nausea/vomiting; muscle fatigue; diarrhea; rash; difficulty breathing	Probenecid increases nitrofurantoin blood levels. Use with nalidixic acid or magnesium trisilicate lowers the effect of nitrofurantoin.	If pregnant, do not use at term. Passes into milk; use with caution. Not for infants less than 1 month; reduce dose in older children. Use with caution in anyone with anemia or diabetes mellitus. Take with food. Used only for urinary tract infections.< /TD>

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT Miconazole (Monistat 3, Monistat-Derm) Rx (Micatin, Monistat 7) OTC	Irritation/burning/ itching; rash; hives; pelvic cramps; headaches	May increase effect of anticoagulants and phenytoin. Use with oral antidiabetics increases risk of low blood sugar. Lowers the anti-fungal action of amphotericin B.	Avoid using diaphragm if taking suppositories.

ANTIBIOTICS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

ANTIVIRAL AGENT acyclovir (Zovirax)	Burning/ stinging/itching; rash (ointment); rash; nausea/vomiting; headache; dizziness; diarrhea; constipation; loss of appetite (capsules); itching/rash/hives; nausea/vomiting; lethargy (injection)	Probenecid increases acyclovir blood levels. Acyclovir increases risk of kidney damage when used with drugs that are potentially harmful to kidneys. Use of injectable acyclovir with interferon and methotrexate may increase risk of adverse reactions of the nervous system.	Use caution during pregnancy and if kidney is impaired. Used only for the treatment of herpes.

VAGINAL ANTI-INFECTIVE terconazole (Terazol)	Burning/itching; headaches; body pain; abdominal pain; fever (cream); genital pain; headache (suppositories)	None known.	Breast-feeding not recommended. Do not use diaphragm when taking suppositories. Use only for yeast infections.

ANTICOAGULANTS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

warfarin (Coumadin)	Internal bleeding resulting in pain; difficulty breathing or swallowing; headache	Many drugs interact with warfarin to either increase or decrease anti-clotting effect (i.e., antibiotics, barbiturates, diuretics, laxatives, oral contraceptives). Large doses of aspirin significantly increase warfarin's effect.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/ liver is impaired, or if have high blood pressure, diabetes, edema, high cholesterol level, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, cancer, collagen disease, heart problems, diarrhea, fever, hepatitis, jaundice, or are malno urished. Use caution in child under 18. Should not be used during pregnancy.

BRONCHIAL THERAPY
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

ANTIHISTAMINES astemizole (Hismanal)	Fatigue; increased appetite; dry mouth; weight gain	Use with antiarrythmics, terfenadine, and diuretics that affect electrolyte balance increases risk of heart problems.	Use caution if have asthma, electrolyte abnormalities, kidney/liver damage. Use caution in child under 12.

clemastine (Tavist) OTC	Sleepiness, dizziness; indigestion; ringing in ears	Alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, sedatives, other CNS depressants, and other antihistamines increase risk of severe CNS depression. Use with MAO inhibitors increases anticholinergic effects.	Use caution if elderly or if have glaucoma, peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, or asthma. Do not use if breast-feeding. Use caution in child under 12. Do not drive or engage in other potentially hazardous activi ties until you know how the drug affects you.

BRONCHIAL THERAPY
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

promethazine (Anergan, Mepergan, Phenazine, Phenergan, Phenergan D, Prorex)	Drowsiness; dizziness; nausea; drowsiness	Alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, sedatives, other CNS depressants, and other antihistamines increase risk of severe CNS depression. Antacids lower the effect of promethazine; take at least 1 hour apart.	Use caution if liver is impaired, if have peptic ulcer, a convulsive disorder, heart disease, glaucoma, asthma or other lower respiratory tract condition, or history of sleep apnea. If pregnant, discontinue use 2 weeks before delivery. Not for use in c hild under 2. Do not drive or engage in other potentially hazardous activities until you know how the drug affects you.

terfenadine (Seldane, Seldane-D)	Insomnia; headache; drowsiness; fatigue; dizziness; palpitations; rash; nausea; indigestion; dry mouth/nose/throat; blurring of vision	Increases effect of sedatives, anti-depressants, and antipsychotics. Lowers effect of some antihypertensives. Use with MAO inhibitors increases risk of dangerous rise in blood pressure. Used with erythromycin or ke toconazole increases risk of rare but serious heart-related side effects.	Use caution if elderly, if liver is damaged, or if have hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, glaucoma, enlarged prostate, or hyperthyroidism. Do not use if breast-feeding or in a child under 12.

BRONCHODILATORS albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)	Palpitations, increased blood pressure; nervousness, tremor; headache; dizziness, drowsiness, weakness; nausea, indigestion, vomiting, loss of appetite	MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants increase risk of dangerously high blood pressure. Other sympathomimetic agents increase toxicity. Beta-blockers lower effect of both drugs.	Use caution if elderly or if have heart problems, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, or a convulsive disorder. Use caution in child under 12. Don't stop drug treatment on your own.

NASAL CORTICOSTEROID beclomethasone (Beclovent, Beconase, Beconase AQ, Vancenase, Vancenase AQ, Vanceril)	Nasal irritation, nose bleeds, sneezing; head-ache, nausea, light-headedness; dry mouth	None known.	Avoid if have had nasal ulcers or nasal surgery recently. Use extreme caution if have tuberculosis or other viral infection. Do not use if have asthma, chickenpox or measles. Not for use for child younger than 6.

XANTHINES theophylline (Aerolate, Constant-T, Bronkodyl, Bronkolixir, Elixophyllin, Marax, Quibron, Quibron-T, Respbid, Slo-Bid, Slo-Phyllin, T-Phyl, Tedral, Theo-24, Theobid, Theochron, Theo-Dur, Theolair, Theolair-SR, Theo-Organidin, Theovent, Theo-X, Uniphyl)	Nausea/vomiting; restlessness; dizziness	Cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, propranolol, allopurinol, and oral contraceptives increase theophylline blood levels. Barbiturates, rifampin, lithium, phenytoin, and nicotine lower theophylline blood levels.	Use caution in person over 55 and child younger than 1. Use caution if kidney/liver impaired, or if have sustained high fever, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, severe asthma, flu or other viral infection, flu immunization, or history of heart problems, or peptic ulcer. Should not breast-feed. Don't stop taking drug on your own. Blood levels should be monitored.

DERMATOLOGICS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL betamethasone + clotrimazole (Lotrisone)	Skin irritations; itching; burning/stinging	None known.	During pregnancy, do not over apply, or use in large amounts, or for prolonged periods. Breast-feeding not recommended. Safety and effectiveness not established in children under 12 yrs. old. Not recommended for diaper rash; apply smallest amount neces sary; chronic use may interfere with child's development.

TOPICAL ANTI-INFECTIVES mupirocin (Bactroban)	Burning/stinging; rash; itching	None known.	Continued or prolonged use may cause growth of a resistant strain of bacteria, possibly leading to secondary infection.

ACNE PREPARATION tretinoin (Retin-A)	Burning/stinging; blistering; peeling of skin; redness	None known.	Avoid/minimize exposure to UV light. Skin-drying products (i.e., soaps, cleansers, cosmetics) increase risk of dryness and skin irritation. If you have a sunburn, avoid use until fully recovered. Use caution if you have eczema. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, and nose.

HAIR RESTORAL AGENT minoxidil (Rogaine)	Skin irritation; nausea/vomiting; headache	None known.	Use caution if have heart problems or high blood pressure. Safety not known in child under 18. Use not recommended if pregnant or breast-feeding.

ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

glipizide (Glucotrol)	Dizziness, drowsiness; headache; allergic skin reactions; nausea, diarrhea, constipation; hypoglycemia	Many drugs decrease effect of glyburide (corticosteroids, hormones, diuretics, rifampin, phenobarbital, antipsychotics, phenytoin). Many drugs increase effect of glyburide (insulin, dicumarol, probenecid, oral anticoagulants, MAO inhibitors, sulfonamides, aspirin). Use with alcohol can cause hypoglycemia.	Use caution in elderly, malnourished. Use caution if liver, kidney, adrenal or pituitary gland is impaired. If using during pregnancy, discontinue at least 1 month prior to delivery date. Should not breast-feed. Glucose tests should be performed freque ntly during therapy.

glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, Micronase)	Nausea; heartburn; bloating; itching, other allergic skin reactions; liver function abnormalities; hypoglycemia	Many drugs decrease effect of glyburide (corticosteroids, hormones, diuretics, rifampin, phenobarbital, antipsychotics, phenytoin). Many drugs increase effect of glyburide (insulin, dicumarol, probenecid, oral anticoagulants, MAO inhibitors, sulfonamides, aspirin). Use with alcohol can cause hypoglycemia.	Use caution in elderly, malnourished. Use caution if liver, kidney, adrenal or pituitary gland is impaired. If using during pregnancy, discontinue 2 weeks prior to delivery date. Should not breast-feed. Glucose tests should be performed frequently duri ng therapy.

DIURETICS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

DIURETIC COMBINATIONS triamterene + hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide, Maxzide)	Weakness, fatigue, dizziness, headache; nausea, vomiting; muscle cramps	Alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, beta-blockers, and other antihypertensives increase antihypertensive effect. Indomethacin and other NSAIDs increase risk of renal failure. Risk of lithium toxicity. ACE inhibitors< /B> increase potassium levels.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired, or if have diabetes. Use caution if pregnant or breast-feeding. Monitor kidney function and levels of body salts. Don't discontinue drug therapy on your own.

LOOP DIURETIC bumetanide (Bumex)	Hypotension; dizziness, headache; nausea; muscle cramps	Antihypertensives increase anti-hypertensive effect. Indomethacin, probenecid, and NSAIDs lower effects of bumetanide. Risk of lithium toxicity. Use with aminoglycoside antibiotics increases risk of hearing problems. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney is impaired, or if have liver cirrhosis, ventricular arrhythmia, prostate trouble, or diabetes. Use caution in child under 18. Monitor kidney function. Don't discontinue drug therapy on your own. Decreased potassium le vels may occur; supplements may be needed; eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

furosemide (Lasix)	Dizziness	Alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, and other antihypertensives increase antihypertensive effect. Indomethacin and NSAIDs decrease effect of furosemide. Risk of lithium, digitalis, and salicylate toxicity. Use wi th aminoglycoside antibiotics increases risk of hearing problems. Lowers effect of oral hypoglycemics.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney is impaired, or if have liver cirrhosis, gout, prostate trouble, or diabetes. Monitor kidney function. Don't discontinue drug therapy on your own. Decreased potassium, salt, and calcium levels may occur; supplements ma y be needed; eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENT potassium chloride (K-Dur, K-Lor, K-Norm, K-Tab, Kaochlor, Kaon-Cl, Kay Ciel, Klotrix, Klorvess, Micro-K, Slow-K, Ten-K)	Nausea, vomiting; abdominal pain; possible GI bleeding	Many drugs interact to either increase or decrease potassium levels (i.e., ACE inhibitors, diuretics, laxatives).	Use caution if kidney is impaired or have adrenal insufficiency. Take with meals to avoid GI irritation. Monitor potassium levels.

THIAZIDE DIURETICS hydrochlorothiazide (Aldactazide, Aldoril, Esidrix, HydroDIURIL, Moduretic, Oretic, Thiuretic)	Leg cramps	Alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, and other antihypertensives increase antihypertensive effect. NSAIDs lower diuretic effect. Risk of lithium and digitalis toxicity. Dosages of insulin and oral hypoglycemics need adjusting. Corticosteroids increase potassium loss.	Use caution if kidney/liver is impaired or if have diabetes or lupus. Decreased potassium, salt, and calcium levels may occur; supplements may be needed; eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

chlorothiazide (Diuril)	Dizziness; loss of appetite; headache; abdominal pain	Alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, and other antihypertensives increase antihypertensive effect. Dosages of insulin and oral hypoglycemics need adjusting. Risk of digitalis toxicity. NSAIDs lower diuretic effect .	Use caution if kidney/liver is impaired, or if have diabetes or lupus. Decreased potassium, salt, and calcium levels may occur; supplements may be needed; eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

ACE INHIBITORS captopril(Capoten, Capozide)	Dizziness, weakness; hypotension, chest pain, palpitations; rash, itching; diminution/loss of taste; cough	Other antihypertensives increase risk of hypotension. Indomethacin, other NSAIDs, and vasodilators lower the antihypertensive effect. Increases risk of lithium toxicity. Use with potassium-sparing diuretics and pot assium supplements increases potassium blood levels. Use with cimetidine increases risk of adverse reactions and lowers effect of captopril.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney is impaired, or if have diabetes. Avoid rapid increase in physical activity. Avoid during pregnancy, especially in 2nd and 3rd trimester. Breast-feeding not recommended. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous act ivities until you know how the drug affects you. Do not stop taking drug on your own.

enalapril (Vasotec)	Hypotension, fainting; dizziness, headache, weakness; rash; nausea; cough	Use with diuretics and other anti-hypertensives can lead to excessive hypotension. Increases risk of lithium toxicity. Use with potassium-sparing diuretics and potassium supplements increases potassium blood levels. A void alcohol.	Use caution if kidney is impaired, or if have diabetes or heart problems. Avoid during pregnancy, especially 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Breast-feeding not recommended. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug aff ects you. Do not stop taking drug on your own.

lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)	Hypotension, chest pain; dizziness, headache; fatigue, numb-ness/tingling; rash; diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, indigestion; impotence; cough, breathing difficulties, nasal congestion	Diuretics and other antihypertensives can lead to excessive hypotension. Use with indomethacin can decrease anti-hypertensive effect. Increases risk of lithium toxicity. Use with potassium-sparing diuretics and pot assium supplements increases potassium blood levels. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney is impaired or if have diabetes or heart problems. Avoid during pregnancy, especially 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Breast-feeding not recommended. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities until you know how t he drug affects you. Do not stop taking drug on your own.

ALPHA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS terazosin (Hytrin)	Palpitations, hypotension; dizziness, head-ache; drowsiness; numbness, tingling, nervousness; nausea; impotence; fluid retention; painful extremities, back pain; blurred vision; nasal congestion, breathing difficulties, sinusitis	Use with other antihypertensives increases risk of hypotension and of fainting.	Avoid driving and other potentially hazardous activities as mental alertness and physical coordination may be impaired. Take at bedtime to alleviate some of the side effects.

ANTIANGINAL isosorbide dinitrate (Dilatrate-SR, ISMO, Iso-Bid, Isordil, Sorbitrate, Sorbitrate-SA)	Headache, dizziness, light-headedness; itching; nausea, vomiting	Calcium-channel blockers and vasodilators increase hypotensive effect. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired, or have heart problems, low blood pressure, or blood abnormalities. Avoid driving and other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you. Do not stop taking drug on your o wn; drug must be tapered off gradually.

Nitroglycerin (Deponit, Minitran, Nitro-Bid, Nitro-Dur, Nitrodisc, Nitrogard, Nitroglyn, Nitrol, Nitrolingual, Nitrostat, Tridil)	Headache; hypotension, fainting; increased angina; light-headedness	Alcohol, antihypertensives, calcium- channel blockers, and other vasodilators increase hypotensive effect.	Use caution if have glaucoma, heart problems, thyroid disease, or blood disorders. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you. Don't discontinue treatment on your own. Monitoring blood pressure is re commended.

BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS atenolol (Tenoretic, Tenormin)	Muscle fatigue; dizziness, light-headedness	hydralazine, methyldopa, prazosin, and thiazide-type diuretics increase antihypertensive effect. Use with reserpine can cause hypotension and/or bradycardia. Use caution if also taking digitalis, clonidine, or other drugs causing myocardial depression. Use with antacids lowers the effect of atenolol (take 1 hour apart).	Use caution if elderly, if kidney is impaired, or if have congestive heart failure, diabetes, a lung disorder (i.e., asthma, bronchitis), or thyroid disease. Breast-feeding is not recommended. When ending treatment, drug must be withdrawn gradually.

metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)	Weakness; itching, rash; shortness of breath; depression; cold hands and feet	Use with indomethacin lowers metoprolol's effect. Cimetidine increases metoprolol's blood levels. Use with nifedipine can lead to dangerously low blood pressure. Use with ergotamine may worsen circulation in hands and feet.< /TD>	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired, if have heart problems, or if have lung problems (i.e., asthma, bronchitis) or diabetes. Avoid in late pregnancy. Avoid driving and other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you. Do not stop taking drug on your own.

nadolol (Corgard, Corzide)	Dizziness, fatigue; changes in heartbeat; changes in behavior; cold hands and feet	Alters effect of insulin and sulfonylureas. Indomethacin lowers effect of nadolol. Use with reserpine increases risk of vertigo, fainting, and abnormally low blood pressure. Use with anesthetics increases risk of hypotension .	Use caution if kidney/liver is impaired, if have diabetes, a lung disorder (i.e., asthma, bronchitis), or a history of congestive heart failure. Don't stop drug treatment on your own.

CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS diltiazem (Cardizem CD, Cardizem SR, Dilacor XR)	Fluid retention; flushing; headache, dizziness, weakness; rash; nausea, indigestion, loss of appetite	Increases effects of digoxin and cimetidine. Use with antihypertensives increases hypotensive effect. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if kidney/liver is impaired or if have sick sinus syndrome or congestive heart failure. Breast-feeding not recommended. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you. Do not stop taking drug on your own. Monitor liver function.

nifedipine (Procardia XL)	Palpitations; headache; fatigue; sleeplessness; numbness/tingling; fluid retention; rash, itching; constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea; impotence; leg cramps; chest pain; weakness, flushing	Increases digoxin blood levels. Use with beta-blockers increases risk of severe hypotension, congestive heart failure, and worsening of angina. Use with cimetidine increases nifedipine blood levels. Use with fentanyl increas es risk of severe hypotension. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired or if have angina, diabetes, or heart problems. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you. Do not stop taking drug on your own; dosage must be dec reased gradually.

verapamil (Calan, Calan SR, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Verelan)	Hypotension; fluid retention; congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema; flushing; dizziness, headache, fatigue; constipation, nausea; breathing difficulties; rash	Increases blood levels of carbamazepine, cyclosporin, digoxin, quinidine, and theophylline. Use with beta-blockers increases risk of heart problems. Use with cimetidine and phenobarbital increases effects of verapamil . Effect of lithium is increased. Use with nitrates increases antianginal effect. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired, or if have muscular dystrophy or history of heart failure. Do not use if have Wolff-Parkinson- White or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Take sustained-release with food. Avoid driving or other potential ly dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you. Do not stop taking drug on your own; dosage must be decreased gradually.

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE/ANTIARRHYTHMIC digoxin (Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin)	Headache; drowsiness; nausea, loss of appetite; confusion; visual disturbances; palpitations	Many drugs (antiarrhythmics, benzodiazepines, tetracyclines, verapamil) increase effects of digoxin. Various drugs (antacids, anticholinergics, methotrexate) lower effects of digoxin. Diuretics increase risk of adverse reactions.	Use caution if kidney/liver is impaired or a history of thyroid dysfunction. Young infants are especially sensitive to digoxin. Avoid cheeses, yogurt, and ice cream for 2 hours before and after taking drug. Eating fruits and vegetables is recommended t o replenish potassium levels. Monitoring of blood levels of digoxin and body salts is recommended.

CENTRAL ALPHA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST guanfacine (Tenex)	Weakness, fatigue; dizziness, drowsiness; headache; insomnia; constipation; dry mouth	Phenothiazines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, and alcohol increase CNS depression and can lead to dangerous sedation.	Use caution if kidney/liver is impaired or if have heart problems. Safety not established in children under 12. Avoid driving and other potentially hazardous activities that require mental alertness and physical coordination until you know how the drug affects you. Do not discontinue abruptly; drug must be tapered off gradually.

ANTIARTHRITIS/NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS)
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

diflunisal (Dolobid)	Dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia; rash; nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhea, constipation; ringing in the ears; headache; fatigue	Increases toxicity of cyclosporine and methotrexate. Lowers effect of antihypertensives and diuretics. Various drugs (oral anticoagulants, corticosteroids, other NSAIDs, aspirin) increase risk of bleeding and peptic u lcers.	Use caution if elderly, if have kidney impairment, heart problems, high blood pressure, blood disorder, or history of GI problems. Use caution in child younger than 12. Avoid during pregnancy, especially in 3rd trimester.

flurbiprofen (Ansaid)	Indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, constipation; GI bleeding; rash; headache, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, tremor, amnesia, lethargy, depression; blurred vision; ringing in the ears; edema/fluid retention	Increases drug action of cimetidine and furosemide. Decreases effect of aspirin and propranolol. Use with anticoagulants increases risk of bleeding. Use with oral hypoglycemic agents decreases blood glucose lev els. Antacids lower the rate of flurbiprofen absorption.	Use caution if elderly, if have kidney/liver damage, high blood pressure, heart problems, or history of GI problems (i.e., ulcer). Avoid during late pregnancy.

ibuprofen (Haltran, Medipren, Midol IB, Motrin IB, Pamprin-IB) Rx (Advil, Nuprin, Motrin, Pediaprofen, Rufen) OTC	Diarrhea; constipation; nausea/vomiting	Various drugs (oral anticoagulants, corticosteroids, other NSAIDS, aspirin) increase risk of bleeding and peptic ulcers. Ibuprofen increases effect of lithium and oral antidiabetic agents. Ibuprofen lowers effectiveness of antih y-pertensives and diuretics. Avoid alcohol, may increase risk of stomach disorders.	Taken late in pregnancy may result in birth defects and prolonged labor. Not recommended in children under 12. Prolonged use increases risk of bleeding from peptic ulcers and in bowel.

ketoprofen (Orudis)	Headache; drowsiness, nervousness, insomnia, dizziness; rash; indigestion; diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting; fluid retention; blurred vision; ringing in the ears	Increases blood levels of oral anti-biotics, lithium, and methotrexate. Increases effect of oral antibiotics. Use with oral antico-agulants, corticosteroids, other NSAIDs, or aspirin increases risk of bleeding and sto mach ulcers. Use with diuretics increases risk of renal failure. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution if elderly or if have history of kidney problems, heart failure, high blood pressure, fluid retention, or GI problems (i.e., ulcer). Prolonged use increases risk of bleeding from peptic ulcers in the bowel. Stomach discomfort can be minimiz ed by taking drug with food, milk, or antacid.

piroxicam (Feldene)	Dizziness, drowsiness, headache; rash, itching; nausea, loss of appetite, constipation, indigestion, diarrhea; edema; ringing in the ears	May lower effect of antihypertensives, diuretics, and oral antidiabetics. Use with oral anti-oagulants, corticosteroids, other NSAIDs, and aspirin increases risk of bleeding and peptic ulcers. Increases lithium blood levels.	Regular use increases risk of GI bleeding. Use caution if have kidney/liver problems, heart disease, or hypertension. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you.

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
Generic (Brand Names)	Common Side Effects	Drug Interactions	Precautions

ANTIANXIETY alprazolam (Xanax) C-IV	Drowsiness, fatigue, impaired coordination, light-headedness, dizziness; insomnia, headache, anxiety, weakness, depression; blurred vision; palpitations; sweating, rash; dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; nasal congestion; fluid reten tion; change in appetite/weight	Sedatives, anticonvulsants, anti-histamines, alcohol, narcotics, and other CNS depressants increase CNS depression and risk of dangerous sedation.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired, or if have history of seizures or pulmonary disease. Use caution in children under 18 and in addiction-prone individuals. Do not use during pregnancy; increased risk of congenital abnormalities. Brea st-feeding not recommended. Drug dependence may develop. Avoid driving or engaging in other potentially dangerous activities. Do not stop taking drug on your own. A gradual reduction may be necessary.

buspirone (Buspar)	Dizziness, nervousness, insomnia, light-headedness, headache, decreased concentration; palpitations; rash; nausea, dry mouth, indigestion, diarrhea; blurred vision; ringing in ears; sore throat	Use with MAO inhibitors increases blood pressure. Avoid alcohol.	Use caution in child under 18 and if kidney/liver is impaired. Breast-feeding not recommended. Avoid driving or engaging in other potentially dangerous activities until you know how the drug affects you.

diazepam (Valium, Valrelease) C-IV	Drowsiness, fatigue, light-headedness	Alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives, MAO inhibitors, and other CNS depressants increase CNS depression, lower blood pressure, and increase muscular weakness. Use with cimetidine increases adverse reactions of diazepam.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/ liver is impaired, and if have epilepsy. Not for use during pregnancy, especially 1st trimester. Do not breast-feed. High risk of drug dependence; severe withdrawl reactions have occurred. Avoid driving or engaging in other potentially dangerous activities. Do not end drug treatment on your own; drug may need to be stopped gradually. Periodically monitor blood and liver function.

lorazepam (Ativan) C-IV	Sedation, dizziness, weakness, unsteadiness	Alcohol, tricyclic antidepressants, sedatives, MAO inhibitors, and other CNS depressants increase CNS depression and risk of dangerous sedation.	Use caution in child under 12, if elderly, if addiction-prone, or if kidney/liver is impaired. Not for use during pregnancy, especially in 1st trimester. Breast-feeding not recommended. Drug dependence can develop. Avoid driving or engaging in other po tentially dangerous activities. Blood and liver function tests are recommended during prolonged therapy. To end treatment on your own, dosage must be reduced gradually.

ANTIDEPRESSANTS fluoxetine (Prozac)	Headache, nervousness, anxiety, tremor, dizziness, light-headedness, decreased concentration, fatigue, insomnia; drowsiness; sweating; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth, loss of appetite, indigestion, constipation; visual disturbances; upper respir atory tract infection; nasal congestion; weakness, fever	Alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives, and other CNS depressants increase CNS depression and risk of dangerous sedation. Use with MAO inhibitors can result in serious/fatal reactions. Use with tryptophan can result in agitation a nd GI distress.	Use caution if kidney/liver is impaired or if have history of seizures, depression, or heart/blood disorders. Drug dependence can develop. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities. Don't discontinue drug treatment on your own; a gradual reduction in dosage may be necessary.

Nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor)	Dizziness, headache, anxiety; diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, loss of appetite; urinary frequency; restlessness, tremors, sweating	Alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives, and other CNS depressants increase CNS depression and risk of dangerous sedation. Use with MAO inhibitors can result in serious/fatal reactions. Reduces antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and reserpine. Use with sympathomimetic agents can result in severe hypertension or high fever. Use with anticholinergic agents increases risk of glaucoma. Use with cimetidine increases nortriptyline blood levels. Use with < B>thyroid increases nortriptyline blood levels and risk of arrhythmia. Use may decrease oral contraceptive efficacy.	Use with caution if you have a history of seizures, urinary retention, glaucoma, or cardiovascular disease, or if you take thyroid medication. Don't discontinue use on your own. Avoid driving or operating dangerous machinery.

MUSCLE RELAXANTS cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)	Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, weakness, headache; dry mouth, nausea, constipation, indigestion; blurred vision	Alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives, and other CNS depressants increase CNS depression and risk of dangerous sedation. Use with MAO inhibitors can result in serious/fatal reactions. Reduces antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and clonidine. Increases effect of anticholinergic drugs.	Use caution if have glaucoma, arrhythmia, overactive thyroid, or history of heart problems or urinary retention. Use caution in child younger than 15. Avoid driving or engaging in other potentially dangerous activities. Don't stop taking drug on your o wn. Use for more than 2 weeks not recommended.

SEDATIVE/HYPNOTIC triazolam (Halcion) C-IV	Dizziness, drowsiness, headache; nervousness; nausea, vomiting; coordination problems	Alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives, other CNS depressants, anticonvulsants, and antihistamines increase CNS depression and risk of dangerous sedation. Use with cimetidine increases triazolam blood levels.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired, or if have history of seizures or respiratory dysfunction. Use caution in child under 18. Do not use during pregnancy; possibility of birth defects. Breast-feeding not recommended. Drug dependence ma y occur. Avoid driving or other potentially dangerous activities. Don't stop taking drug on your own; a gradual reduction in dosage may be necessary.

ABUSE DETERRENT nicotine polacrilex (Nicorette gum)	Dizziness, light-headedness, insomnia, headache; nausea, vomiting, indigestion, loss of appetite; sore mouth/throat, jaw muscle ache, excessive salivation, hiccups	Smoking while using this may cause harmful rise in blood pressure.	Use caution if have a heart problem, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, peptic ulcer, or dental problems. Not for children. Avoid during pregnancy. Breast-feeding not recommended. Drug dependence may develop.

nicotine (Habitrol, Nicoderm, Nicotrol, Prostep) (transdermal patch)	Sweating; diarrhea, indigestion, dry mouth; itching at patch site; fluid retention; muscle fatigue; insomnia, nervousness	Smoking while using these products may cause a harmful rise in blood pressure.	Use caution if elderly, if kidney/liver is impaired, or if have hyperthyroidism, diabetes, peptic ulcer, hypertension, a heart problem, or certain skin disorders. Not for children's use. Not recommended during pregnancy or if breast-feeding. Avoid smok ing (benefits of drug vs. risk of continued smoking must be weighed).