| Word | Grammars | Meaning |
| capital | cap·i·tal noun (plural cap·i·tals) | a city that is the seat of government of a country, state,
or province |
| communism | com·mu·nism noun | the political theory or system in which all property and wealth is owned in a classless society by all the members of a community |
| communist | com·mu·nist noun (plural com·mu·nists) | an advocate or supporter of any type of communism |
| constitution | con·sti·tu·tion (plural con·sti·tu·tions) noun | a written statement outlining the basic laws or principles
by which a country or organization is governed |
| constitutional | con·sti·tu·tion·al adjective | authorized by a constitution |
| constitutional monarchy | a political system in which the head of state is a king or queen ruling to the extent allowed by a constitution | |
| democracy | de·moc·ra·cy (plural de·moc·ra·cies) noun | the free and equal right of every person to participate in a system of government, often practiced by electing representatives of the people by the people |
| democratic | dem·o·crat·ic adjective | characterized by free and equal participation in government or in the decision-making processes of an organization or group |
| democratic nation | a country with a government that has been elected freely and
equally by all its citizens |
|
| democratic governmental system | a system of government based on the principle of majority
decision-making |
|
| ethnic | eth·nic adjective | relating to a group or groups in society with distinctive cultural traits |
| executive | ex·ec·u·tive noun (plural ex·ec·u·tives) | the section of a country's government responsible for
implementing legislative decisions |
| faction | fac·tion (plural fac·tions) noun | a group that is a minority within a larger group and has specific interests or beliefs that are not always in harmony with the larger group |
| federal | fed·er·al adjective | relating to a form of government in which several states or regions defer certain powers, for example, in foreign affairs, to a central government while retaining some measure of self-government |
| GDP-gross domestic product | gross do·mes·tic prod·uct (plural gross do·mes·tic prod·ucts) noun | the total value of all goods and services produced within a
country in a year, minus net income from investments in other countries |
| government | gov·ern·ment noun (plural gov·ern·ments) | a group of people who have the power to make and enforce
laws for a country or area ; a type of political system |
| literacy | lit·er·a·cy noun | the ability to read and write to a competent level |
| monarch | mon·arch (plural mon·archs) noun | somebody, especially a king or queen, who rules a state or
territory, usually for life and by hereditary right |
| monarchy | mon·ar·chy (plural mon·ar·chies) noun | a political system in which a state is ruled by a monarch |
| parliament | par·lia·ment (plural par·lia·ments) noun | a nation's legislative body, made up of elected and
sometimes nonelected representatives |
| parliamentary | par·lia·men·ta·ry adjective | relating to parliaments, or in the form of a parliament |
| per capita | per cap·i·ta adverb adjective | by or for each person |
| poverty line | pov·er·ty line or pov·er·ty lev·el noun | a level of income below which somebody is considered to be living in poverty. It is based on the price of basic necessities and is usually determined by a government. |
| president | pres·i·dent (plural pres·i·dents) noun | the chief politician of a republic ; somebody who holds the top official position |
| presidential | pres·i·den·tial adjective | presided over by a president |
| regime | re·gime (plural re·gimes) or ré·gime (plural ré·gimes) noun | a system or style of government |
| republic | re·pub·lic (plural re·pub·lics) noun | a political system or form of government in which people elect representatives to exercise power for them ; a country whose government or political system is that of a republic |
| sovereign | sov·er·eign noun | the ruler or permanent head of a state, especially a king or queen |
| sul·tan | sul·tan (plural sul·tans) noun | the sovereign ruler of a Muslim country, especially in the past and especially the head of the Ottoman Empire. Only three countries now have sultans as their head of state: Brunei, Oman, and Malaysia. |
| sultanate | sul·tan·ate (plural sul·tan·ates) noun | a country ruled by a sultan |
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