Ch. 5 & 6
Mr. Haskell- World History
Please write two meaningful sentences that are related to each of the following terms. One can be a definition and the other an example or two of the terms relevance from the text. This discipline insures that you have improved comprehension and command of the material. (Remember to double space between terms for easier viewing).
CH. 5
*Minoan civilization and the importance of its location- Minoans success was based on trade, not conquest. Being located in Crete, on the coast of the Aegean Sea, the Minoan sea traders were able to set up outposts.
*Explain how Sparta's location was important.- The Spartans were Dorians which conquered the land of Laconia. This location in Greece allowed the peoples in Laconia to interact with surrounding countries and gain ideas or beliefs from different cultures.
*Trojan war- location: This war took place between the Mycenaeans and Troy, which was located in Turkey. Troy controlled the vital straits that connected the Mediterranean and Black Seas which made Troy a huge reason for battle.
*geography of Greece created?: Because Greece is located on the Balkan peninsula, Greece was very mountainous and contains many valleys. This geography actually helped Greece in many ways but also led to its destruction. Due to this natural sepatation, Greece made city-states, which later became vulnerable to outsiders.
* post Persian wars domination: The Greeks were victorious in the Persian Wars. They later went on to meet Persia�s threats, organized the Delian League, and alliance with other Greek city states.
*Peloponnesian War: Athens and Sparta engaged in a war, Athens was behind geographically and many were wiped out by sickness. The Spartans were victorious and the democratic government suffered.
*Greek theater origins: The first Greek plays were brought about by religious festicals and in the beginnaing mainly revolved aroung Greek gods, or legends. Most early stages were very bare, little scernery yet elaborate costumes and masks.
*Alexander's achievements and empire: Alexander the Great became a powerful leader at the age of just 20 years old. Alexander was a brutal leader at times and went to war many times with other nations. Despite this, Alexander conquered numerous lands, and spread the Greek culture.
*center of Hellenistic world: The Hellenistic civilization was a mix of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian influences. The center heart of the Hellenistic world was Alexandria in Egypt. This city had huge markets and became home to almost a million people.
*geographic characteristics of Greece: Because Greece is located on the Balkan peninsula, Greece was very mountainous and contains many valleys. This geography actually helped Greece in many ways but also led to its destruction. Due to this natural sepatation, Greece made city-states, which later became vulnerable to outsiders.
*oligarchy: Oligarchy is a form of government in which ruling power belongs to the people. As trade expanded, the new middle class emerged in some cities and challenged the land owing nobles for power and came to dominant some city-states.
*democracy: A democracy is a government in which people hold the ruling power. Athens was one of the first cities to adopt democracy, although their form of democracy is different than that we have today. One form in Athens was direct democracy which was established by Pericles.
*Spartan childhoods: Officials would examine every newborn and sickly children were abandoned to die. At secen, young men trained for military life and went through a brutal lifestyle. Girls were expected to produce healthy sons and were told to strengthen and exercise their bodies.
*Athens' golden age: During Athen�s golden age many improvements took place and Athens reached its climax. Athens developed schools, women got more rights, medicine and sciences improves, as well as many other things which bettered the Athenian people.
*Aristotle's meritocracy: Aristotle favored rule by a single strong and virtuous leader. He made his own ideas but also kept some of the values he had learned from his tutor Plato.
*Greek values: The ancient Greek people took much pride in their workmanship and past times, this is seen in how great their work is. Greeks excersised patience and willingness in ideas about law, freedom, justice, and government which have influenced political and physical thinking in the world today.
CH 6
*Augustus: Augustus was a famous leader over the Romans. He enforced many of his ideas and was a powerful and well-enforcing leader, many people listened to him and followed his words of advice as well as demand.
*Julius Caesar: Julius was a leader and ruler over the Romans and some of the people didn�t like what he enforced. Julius Caesar was warned by a fortuneteller of the Ides of March, that night Julius Caesar was killed.
*Hannibal: Hannibal was a general that swore himself as an enemy of the Roman people. Hannibal dedicated his life to the destruction of Rome and commanded troops from Europe and North Africa across the Pyrenees and over the Alps into Italy, even including elephants.
*Jesus: The Jews believed Jesus to be their messiah. Jesus preached of love for all mankind, even the enemies. Because so many followed Jesus, some feared him and thought he might try to take over. Jesus later was crucified on a cross, condemned by his own people.
*Paul: Paul in fact used to be a persecutor of the followers, but later he had a vision and his outlook went to the other end of the spectrum. He began to preach the Christian beliefs and became one of the greatest missionaries there was.
*Odoacer: Odoacer was a Germanic leader that ousted the emperor in Rome. Later, historians referred to that time when the emperor was replaced as the �fall� of Rome.
*Ptolemy: Ptolemy proposed his theory that the Earth was the center of the universe. He had an idea that was accepted in the western world for nearly 1500 years.
*Virgil: Virgil was a poet that wrote the Greek epic poem the Aeneid, which showed that Rome�s past, was as heroic as that of Greece. He hoped it would arouse patriotism and help unite Rome after years of civil wars.
*martyr: Martyrs are people who suffer or die for their beliefs. Many of Christ�s followers, such as his disciples, were willing to die for their belief in the Son of God.
*mercenary: Rome hired foreign soldiers serving for pay to defend his borders, this was a problem because the people weren�t fighting for their beliefs but rather for money, their enthusiasm may not have been as great as those who fought for a reason other than money.
*messiah: Some Jews believed that a messiah would appear and lead them to freedom. Jesus Christ was born and many believed him to be the messiah.
*patrician : Patricians were members of the landholding upper class. These were the people who became senators because of their wealth and power.
*plebian: Plebeians are farmers, merchants artisans and traders who made up the bulk of the population but had little influence. These people made an effort to demand equality and the Laws of the Twelve Tables made it possible for the first time for plebeians to appeal a judgment handed down by a patrician judge.
*aqueduct: Aqueducts are bridge-like stone structures that brought water from the hills into Roman cities. The availability of the fresh water was important to the Romans and much water was used for the public baths.
*heresy: The disciples battled heresies, or beliefs contrary to official Church teachings. This was a conflict for the followers, especially the missionaries that were sent out from Rome to convert people to Christianity.
*legion: Roman legions of the late empire lacked the discipline and training of past Roman armies. Rome hired mercenaries to make a better army.
*republic: A republic was also known by the Romans as a �thing of the people.� Romans thought that a republic would keep any individual away from gaining too much power over the people.
*sect: In the beginning Christianity remained a sect of Judaism. But because it was spread and became better known Christianity became a whole new faith.