Mr. Haskell
World History
10 February 2005
WORLD WAR I STUDY GUIDE: CH. 27
Ch. 27
militarism - During the 1800s there was a rise in militarianism and the glorification of the military. Armies and navies expanded�this led to the arms race which increased suspicion and war.
ultimatum - Austria gave Serbia a final set of demands to avoid the war and Serbia was ordered to end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian official involved in the murder plot. Serbia agreed to most of the ultimatum but not all and Austria declared was on Serbia.
mobilize � William II placed harsh demands on Russia. Finally the czar telegraphed the kaiser to soften their demands. When this failed Russia began to mobilize.
neutrality - The Americans tried to play a neutral role in the war. This was until the Germans decided to sink the Lusitanian.
total war � Total war is the channeling of a nations entire resources into a war effort. Nations began to commit to their countries needs and help them come up with supplies and troops.
propaganda � Propaganda played a big part in the war. Countries would display their feelings on the war through posters and such to influence others� opinions on the war.
atrocity � Aritocracy was brutal act against innocent people. British and French nations and colonies presses would spreade ideas of atrocity that Germany was committing.
armistice � Armistice was agreement to end war and put a stop to fighting. The new German government wanted to have an armistice with the Allies.
reparations � Reparations were needed after the war and caused many nations to enter a steep decline. One of these war reparations eventually led to Germany�s economic decline.
mandate � Mandates were either documents or word given by a power that allowed permission to do something. France and British colonies had mandates after World War I in German colonies.
Edith Cavell- Cavell was a women during the World War I that soon became known as a hero of the war. She was a British nurse that helped set up a Red Cross hospital in Belgium.
Georges Clemenceau- Clemenceau was a man who took part in the chamber of deputies. He was involved with the Panama canal and stirred up tensions.
Alfred Nobel � Alfred Nobel was the maker of dynamite during WWI. He later regretted his making of this invention dince it led to more killing so he established the Nobel Peace Prize to reward the individual who brings peace to the world.
Gavrillo Princip � Princip was involved in the killing of the archduke and his wife which initially caused WWI in a way. He was later put to death for his actions.
Sarajevo � Sarajevo is the capitol where the assassinations that started the war took place. This is where the archduke and his wife were killed.
Woodrow Wilson � Woodrow Wilson was the leader of the United States during the trials of WWI. He drew up the fourteen points which were to establish peace without fighting.
(Wilson's Fourteen Points Points) � Wilson�s Fourteen Points were established to help create peace between nations. He thought seas should be free, free trade, and a reduction of arms.
Francis Ferdinand � Ferdinand was the archduke of __ who entered into Serbia on the same date Serbia was conquered by his nation. Serbians were outraged and ended up killing Ferdinand.
Kaiser William II - The heir who took over after the murder of archduke Francis Ferdinand. He interfered with Russia and made new reforms that led to mobilization.
Bertha Von Sutner � Bertha Von Sutner was another important women to the World War effort. She was a writer who tried to proclaim peace.
Triple Alliance � The triple alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. They were one of the first nations to set up bonds with one another.
Ottoman Empire � The Ottoman Empire was part of the war effort as well. They wanted to fight for their own independence but got involved with allies as well.
trench warfare � Trench warfare was a new technique of fighting used during WWI. Trench warfare consisted of dugouts and bungalows where soldiers would stay, fight, and sleep sometimes. The middle ground between trenches was called �no man�s land� where many were killed or wounded.
machine gun (role it played in WWI) � Modern weapons added a lot of destruction, deaths, casualties, and wounds during the war. The machine gun could fire bullets in a more rapid motion yet were also a burden to move from site to site.
airplane (role it played in WWI) � Airplanes didn�t play too big of a part in the World War. But they did have some impacts such as shooting other planes or spreading other military techniques.
role of women in WWI- Women during World War I started to take charge. They helped serve in war as nurses and aids, and also did some jobs that usually the men would do.
Nationalism (ie. tension between France and Germany)- Nationalism can be both a positive and negative thing. The French and Germans however, had aggressive nationalism which brought many conflicts.
Paris Peace Conference- The Paris Peace Conference was established in order to provide peace for the European nations. This conference was the first step in international negotiation.
American neutrality- The Americans tried to play a neutral role in the war. This was until the Germans decided to sink the Lusitanian.
Black Hand � The Black Hand was a small group of Serbians. These people tried to kill the archduke and his wife.
Treaty of Versailles- The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty that the Paris Peace Conference had Germany sign. This treaty made it so that Germany took the blame of the war on themselves as well as make a lot of reparations.
self determination � Self determination played a huge part in the war. This is what drove troops from different countries to participate in the war.
Shleiffen Plan � The Shleiffen Plan was one that shifted the war. This Plan took German�s troops into Belgium to French lines.
U boat � A U boat was a German submarine that was used to sink other ships. This outraged many because many other nations believed that there should be �open� seas.
Lusitania � The Lusitania was a British ship that was passing German troops on its way to an overseas port. The Germans sank it and this outraged many.
armistice � Armistice was agreement to end war and put a stop to fighting. The new German government wanted to have an armistice with the Allies.
mandate � Mandates were either documents or word given by a power that allowed permission to do something. France and British colonies had mandates after World War I in German colonies.
war reparations � By signing the Treaty of Versailles Germany agreed to several demands. One of these were war reparations which eventually led to Germany;s economy decline.
western front - On the Western Front trench warfare began, many were killed in the area known as �no man�s land.� The Central Powers launched an attack against the Allies and in a five-month battle over a million soldiers were killed.
eastern front - The eastern front also had many deaths and conflicts between nations. Casualties rose even higher than in the west, but the results were just as indecisive.
Verdun- This is where the allies and central powers launched massive offensives to break the stalemate. German forces tried to overwhelm the French at Verdun. This struggle cost more then half a million casualties on each side.
Battle of Marne- The Battle of Marne was when the Allies counterattacked the strike the Germans gave them. Germans then tried to attack the allies again but really this just drew the war on longer.