Mr. Haskell
World History
9 March 2005
Ch. 28 Study Guide
Soviet � Soviets are councils of workers and soldiers which would work democratically within the government. These soviets were set up by revolutionary socialists.
Command economy � A command economy is one in which government officials made all the basic economic decisions. While Stalin ruled, the government owned all businesses and ruled over finances and resources.
Collective - Collectives are large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group. Peasants could keep personal items and homes but farm animals and implements had to be turned over to the collectives.
Kulak � Kulaks are wealthy peasants. Under Stalin he smashed kulaks and sent them to work in labor camps.
totalitarian state � A totalitarian state is a form of government in which a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens. Stalin ended up turning the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.
socialist realism � Socialist realism is a goal to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light. Artists and writers would criticize the past or sometimes point out the mistakes under communism to promote hope in the socialist future.
Lenin � Lenin was a socialist with Marxist ideas who was exiled. The Bolsheviks smuggled Lenin back in through a sealed train.
Osip Mandelstam � Osip was imprisoned and tortured for composing a satirical verse about Stalin. He was later exiled and made a new poem called �Ode to Stalin.�
Nicholas II � Nicholas the II reigned in Russia after the Revolution of 1905.Nicholas failed to solve Russia�s basic problems and led to two revolutions in Russia.
Gregory Rasputin � Rasputin was a mad monk who advised the czarina even though his ideals were quite evil. He ended up choosing his own friends to be officials in the royal court.
Joseph Stalin � �Djugashvili� which is Stalin�s real name, was given the name Stalin which means �man of steal.� He organized robberies to get money for the party.
Stalin's 5 Year Plan- Stalin�s plans set high production goals and pushed workers to meet these goals by giving bonuses and those who did not would get punished. Overall the standards of living remained poor.
socialist realism � Government controlled what books were ublished, what music was heard, and what art was seen. Many were tortured and persecutes for not following these new laws.
totalitarian state - A totalitarian state is a form of government in which a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens. Stalin ended up turning the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.
Anna Akhmatova � Akhmatova was one of Russia�s greatest poets who fell out of favor because her poetry did not stress communist ideas. She kept writing poetry in secret and could not publish them.
V.I. Lenin - Vladimir Ilyich Ulynov�s brother was hanged and arrested which made Vladimir a lifetime of hatred for the czarist government. He was a strong follower of Karl Marx and adapted his ideas to Russian conditions.
Mikhail Sholokhov � Sholokhov was a great Russian writer who described the civil war in one of his novels. He shows what life was literally like between peasant and czar.
Joseph Stalin � Stalin was born to a poor family and he studied for the priesthood. His interests grew in the revolution and he joined the Bolshevik underground.
Leon Trotsky � Trotsky was basically like Stalin and they jockeyed for the position to rule Russia. Trotsky ended up fleeing into exile and was later murdered.
socialist revolution � Socialists wanted to change the way the government was in Russia at the time. Many formed radical groups such as the Bolsheviks.
Bolshevik Revolution � The Bolsheviks were a group of socialists who wanted to overthrow the government system in Russia. They started a Bolshevik takeover in which the Bolsheviks stormed the castle.
Lenin's New Economic Policy � He made a command economy. This was were the government officials would make all basic economic decisions.
Stalin � Joseph Stalin was born to a poor family and he studied for the priesthood. His interests grew in the revolution and he joined the Bolshevik underground and was given the name Stalin.
Stalin's 5 Year Plan � Stalin set out to make the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power. He decided to bring all economic activity under government control.
The arts under Stalin � Stalin took control of the arts and forced artists and writers to conform to a style called socialist realism. This was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light.
List three causes of the 1917 revolution in Russia- One reason was World War I which fired a national pride and united the Russians. Another was Rasputin�s threats to the Romanovs and lastly, the March Revolution.