LIFE WORK AND TIMES OF FEDERICO GARCIA LORCA
PERIOD 1898-1924 -- CHRONOLOGY 1
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1859:
Federico García Rodríguez, the poet’s father, is born in Fuente Vaqueros.
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1879:
Marries Matilde Palacio, his first wife.
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1892:
Vicenta Lorca, the poet’s mother, receives her Teaching Diploma and takes up teaching post in Fuente Vaqueros.
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4 October 1894:
Matilde Palacio dies.
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1895: Federico García buys land and propery in and around Asquerosa (Valderrubio), including the estate at Daimuz and the house that will become the centre of his agricultural operations.
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27 August 1897:
Federico García Rodríguez marries Vicenta Lorca Romero.
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April - December 1898: The Spanish-American War, leading to the loss of Spain’s last overseas colonies: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Spanish Antilles and the Philipines.
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November 1898: Angel Ganivet commits suicide in Riga.
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5 June 1898:
Born in Fuente Vaqueros, a village near Granada, in Andalusia, southern Spain.
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1906:
Alfonso XIII accedes to the throne.
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1908-9:
Is sent to boarding school in Almeria, but returns home before completing the school year because of an apparently minor mouth infection.
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Spring 1909:
His family move to Granada.
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1909-1914:
Lorca attends school, el colegio del Sagrado Corazon, preparing for the Bachillerato (university entrance exam); takes music lessons with Antonio Segura.
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1910 The San Pascual sugar refinery was built
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11 November 1911:
Lorca attends performance of Fernando Villaespesa’s play El alcázar de las perlas
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1914-1918:
First World War and economic recovery in Spain.
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October 1914:
He enrols at the University of Granada to study Philosophy and Letters, and Law.
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February 1915:
Passes Bachillerato
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15 May 1915:
He enrols in the Centro Artístico and joins the Rinconcillo circle of writers and artists, being the group’s only musician.
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April 1916:
An essay entitled Mi pueblo (My Village) is the first known piece of creative writing produced by García Lorca.
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26 May:
Antonio Segura, Lorca’s music teacher dies, aged 74.
“As his parents didn’t allow him to move to Paris to continue his music studies, and as his music teacher died, García Lorca turned his pathetic creative urge to music.” (Autobiographical note, written for his first roommate at Columbia University, NY, 1929.)
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June:
Lorca goes on the first of various study trips through Spain with Martín Domínguez Berrueta. He meets Antonio Machado in Baeza (Jaén).
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15 October - 8 November 1916:
Second study trip, to Castilla la Vieja and Galicia. On this trip he meets Miguel de Unamuno in Salamanca.
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February 1917:
Lorca’s first published work Fantasía Simbólica appears in the Boletín del Centro Artístico de Granada.
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29 June 1917:
He writes his first poem: Canción. Ensueño y confusión.
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Summer:
Study trip with Berrueta to Madrid, Burgos and Palencia. He has some articles published in the Diario de Burgos that will re-appear in his prose collection Impresiones y paisajes.
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November 1917:
Russian Revolution and revolutionary general strike in Spain.
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April 1918:
His first book of prose Impresiones y Paisajes is published. Starts working on poems that will appear in Libro de poemas.
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December 1918:
His first published poem Crisantemos blancos appears in the magazine Renovación.
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1919
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11. February:
Three people are killed by the police in Granada during protests against curruption in the municipal government.
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Late April/early May:
Lorca moves to Madrid, with letters of recommendation (written by Fernando de los Ríos) to the poet Juan Ramón Jiménez and Alberto Jiménez Fraud, director of the Residencia de Estudiantes.He meets Ángel del Río, Guillermo de Torre, Adolfo Salazar, Gerardo Diego, Pedro Salinas, etc.
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June:
Fernando de los Ríos elected socialist member of the Cortes.
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16 June:
Reads narrative poem with a theme similar to El Maleficio de la Mariposa to Gregorio Martínez Sierra, director of the Eslava theatre, and the actress, Catalina Bárcena in the Gardens of the Generalife.
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19 August:
Manuel de Falla takes up residence in Granada; Lorca had met him on one of his previous visits (1917).
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October:
Lorca returns to Madrid and takes up residence at the Residencia de Estudiantes,where he gets to know Luis Buñuel, José Bello, José Moreno Villa, etc.
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1920
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22 March:
Lorca’s first play El Maleficio de la Mariposa performed in Madrid. Meets with the derision of a large part of the audience.
He writes the first of his Suites, a collection of poems never published in his lifetime.
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October:
Fernando de los Ríos participates in the Comintern meeting in Moscow, where he votes against Lenin’s concept of communism.
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1921
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1921:
Disaster of Annual (Marrocco).
Following the initiative taken by Miguel Cerón, Lorca and Manuel de Falla and many of the Rinconcillo group start making preparations for the Cante Jondo Competition to be held in Granada next summer.
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15 June 1921:
Libro de Poemas, Lorca’s first book of poetry, published.
This summer he is working on the Tragicomedia de don Cristóbal y la señá Rosita. He also writes the first poems of Canciones.
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November:
Writes most of the poems of Poema del Canto Jondo.
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1922
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February:
He gives his talk on El cante jondo. Primitivo canto andaluz at the Centro Artístico y Literario in Granada.
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June:
Gives a reading from Poema del cante jondo at the Alhambra Palace Hotel in Granada.
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13/14 June:
The Canto Jondo Festival in the Plaza de los Aljibes at the Alhambra.
In the summer at Valderrubio, he finishes his Tragicomedia de don Cristóbal...
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Autumn:
Grounded in Granada, studying for his Law degree!
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1923
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6. January:
He organises the puppet show for children at his parents’ flat in Granada with the collaboration of Manuel de Falla and Hermenegildo Lanz. The show includes Lorca’s adaption of the Andalusian folktale La niña que riega la albahaca y el príncipe preguntón.
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End January:
Lorca finally graduates in Law, but his literary studies remain abandoned forever.
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February:
After a year and a half´s absence, Lorca is allowed to return to the Residencia de Estudiantes, where he meets a new resident: Salvador Dalí.
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Summer:
In Valderrubio he is working on the play Mariana Pineda and the light opera Lola la comediante (in collaboration with Falla). Writes the first poems of Romancero Gitano - Romance de la luna, luna - and starts work on La Zapatera Prodigosa
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13 September:
Primo de Rivera’s coup.
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November:
Meets Rafael Martínez Nadal.
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December:
Attends a performance of Pirandello’s Six Characters in Search of an Author.
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1924
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12 March: José Mora Guarnido comments in a letter to Manuel de Falla that it is strange that the staging of Mariana Pineda has not yet been announced and that instead he is talking about putting on the puppet play, the Tragicomedia that he had started in the summer of 1921. Falla replies (17/6/24) that its performance has been postponed so that Lorca can rework the play, to make it more acceptable for the censorers.
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April:
Meets the painter Gregorio Prieto.
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Summer:
Juan Ramón Jiménez visits Lorca in Granada.
This year he finishes his book of Canciones and continues writing Romancero Gitano: Romance de la luna, luna, Romance de la pena negra (dated 30 July) and La monja gitana (20 August). He also completes the first act of La Zapatera prodigiosa.
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Autumn:
Meets Rafael Alberti at the Residencia. Dalí returns to Madrid after his year’s absence owing to his expulsion from the Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
José Moreno Villa draws his attention to the passage in a nineteenth century French book about the rosa mutabilis, inspiration for Doña Rosita la soltera, o El lenguaje de las flores.
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October:
André Breton publishes first surrealist manifesto.
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