*Minoan civilization and the importance of its location � The Minoans were named after Minos, a legendary king of Crete. The success of these people was based on trade. They set up outposts throughout the Aegean world, including Greece. They lived on an island but they acquired their religion and culture form places such as Egypt and Mesopotamia.
*Explain how Sparta's location was important � The Spartans isolated them selves form other Greeks. Sparta was located farther away and secluded from the rest of the Greek city-states.
*Trojan war- location � The Trojan War was located at present day Turkey
*Geography of Greece created? � The geography of Greece created isolation since it was divided into many valleys. There were many city-states built separated by either land or water. People felt loyal to their city-states and not Greece. It had hundreds of bays which provided for good overseas trade.
* Post Persian wars domination � After the Persian War, all of Persia was conquered by Alexander the Great and was property of Greece
*Peloponnesian War � Sparta and Athens join forces to counter the Delian league. Sparta invades Athens. Sparta allies itself with Persia. The Spartans finally capture Athens with the Persian�s help. The Athenians were defeated.
*Greek theater origins � The Greek theater evolved from the Maenads who worshipped Dyonisus. They would perform ceremonies and dance. This was considered the first form of theater. Eventually they would have a person speak, they would add a chorus, and even multiple people would be in speaking roles.
*Alexander's achievements and empire � Alexander conquered Persia and India. He extended his empire from Egypt to Middle East to Asia Minor
*Center of Hellenistic world � The Hellenistic world was created from a merging of Eastern and Western cultures. They employed armies of architects and artists to create even grander buildings than that of Greece. The Hellenistic rulers wished to glorify themselves as gods.
*Geographic characteristics of Greece � Greece was divided by bodies of water and mountains which left the city-states far apart and isolated from each other in valley�s in between mountains.
*Oligarchy � Power is in the hands of a small, powerful, elite, usually from the business class.
*Democracy � A government by the people
*Spartan childhoods � Spartan children were taken away from their parents at a very young age and trained to fight in the army.
*Athens' golden age � Athens became a democracy thanks to Socrates and Solon�s reforms. Debt and slavery was outlawed. He also released people who had already been put into slavery. Houses were also built for the poor. Citizens were also given more say in the government
*Aristotle's meritocracy � Aristotle thought that this form of democracy reserved for the smart people to rule over everyone else was the best way to rule over Greece.
*Greek values � One of the things that the Greeks valued the most were the gods. They also valued there buildings and leaders
CH 6
*Augustus � The grandnephew of Caesar who became leader of Rome and got rid of the senate. He undertook many economic reforms. The government that Augustus organized lasted for about 200 years, but he did not leave any clear successor to the throne which caused turmoil.
*Julius Caesar � The Uncle of Augustus. Gained his power from marching his army on Rome and became the ruler of Rome. As leader he started many reforms such as launching a public works program to give jobs to the jobless. He also reorganized the government and gave citizenship to more people.
*Hannibal � He was the leader of the Carthaginian army. He attacked Italy and surprised the Romans.
*Jesus � A prophet of god believed to be the son of god. He was crucified by the Jews for the sins of everyone on Earth. The religion Christianity was based off of him.
*Paul � Paul was an apostle of Jesus and a Jew from Asia Minor, his missionary set up Christianity
*Odoacer � A Germanic leader who ousted the emperor in Rome
*Ptolemy � Astronomer and mathematician who proposed the theory that the Earth was the center of the universe
*Virgil � He was a poet who wrote the epic poem the Aeneid
*Martyr � Someone who dies for their beliefs
*Mercenary � A soldier who is payed and does not fight for a certain side
*Messiah � The Jews believed that this person would come and save them all
*Patrician - A member of the landholding upper class in ancient Rome
*Plebian � member of the lower class in ancient Rome, including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders
*Aqueduct � A way of transporting water from one place to another
*Heresy � To speak out against the church
*Legion � Basic unit of the Ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers
*Republic � System of government in which officials are chosen by the people
*Sect � A small religious group