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| Under Construction |
| Types of training and terms |
| Mode: The type of exercise that is chosen. Intensity: The degree to which the individual works physically. Duration: The amount of time spent in exercise. Frequency: How often the individual worksout Progression: A gradual application of the overload principle. To progress gradualy by increasing the intensity and druation of training. Rest: (Obvious) Rest is essential to allow the body to recover. Without rest you risk overtraining and the body will then be unable to recover from exercise properly. Interval Training: Alternating work and rest periods during the training session. Overweight: This term is misused allot today. It means excess body weight (mass), when compared to height-weight charts. Height-weight charts can not account for lean muscle. Example: An Athlete, or anyone with allot of lean muscle will be overweight according to height-weight charts. Overweight does not mean fat. OverFat: This is the correct term for an excess of body fat. Cardiorespiratory Endurance: The ability to maintain an activity involving repeated muscular contractions of large muscle groups for long periods of time. Cardiorespiratory Exercises: Increase the capacity of the heart, and lungs to deliver oxygen to the muscles via the blood vessels. Concentric Contraction: Contraction of a skeletal muscle while at the same time it is shortening. Eccentric Contraction: Contraction of a skeletal muscle while at the same time it is lengthening. Overload Principle: Increasing workload on the body slightly beyond it's normal capacity. It responds by becoming fitter and able to complete that same work with less effort Types of Muscle: Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal. Smooth muscle tissue is involuntary muscle that lines the arterial walls and organs of the body. Involuntary means you can not control it's movemet. Cardiac muscle is also involuntary. Skeletal muscle is voluntary (you can control it) and is composed of various muscle fiber types. The types are 1) Slow Oxidative fibers, 2) Intermediate fibers, and 3) Fast Glycolytic fibers. Muscle Strength: The amount of force a muscle can exert in a single all out effort. Muscle Fatigue: The failure of a muscle to maintain an expected force output. Muscle Endurance: A muscles ability to repeatedly perform muscular contraction over a long period of time. Flexibility: The ability of a muscle to elongate, enabling the joint to move through it's complete range of motion. Gate: A manner of walking Hypertrophy: A increase in the size of muscle tissue cells. Stretch reflex: When a muscle automatically contracts in order to protect it's self. This happens when a muscle is stretched past it's normal range of motion. Isokinetic: Movement of a limb at a constant angular velocity. Isometric Contraction: Contraction of a muscle that generates tension without limb movement. Example: Holding your head up through a two G turn. The muscles in the neck are isometrically contracted. Isotonic contraction: Contraction of a muscle against a constant external resistance through a movement range. Example: A bar bel curl. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max): The greatest rate of oxygen consumption attained during exercise. This is an indicator of overall cardiorespiratory fitness. Overwork: Cumulative effects of excessive exercise stress. Over time this will cause a decline in muscle function Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE): A scale from 1-20 developed by Gunnar Borg that provides a qualitative measure of an individual's perception of physical exertion during exercise. |