BIBLIOGRAPHY CHARTS by Dr Susan Ludington in Oct 1998 for the First International Congress of Kangaroo Care in Baltimore, Maryland, Oct 1998

A complete list of original articles, abstracts, video/slide presentations, protocols, pamphlets, related articles, lay publications, and researchers in Kangaroo Care work follows the charts.

To order a copy of any article listed here, contact Dr. Susan Ludington at University of Maryland, 515 W Lombard Street, #274, Baltimore, MD 21209. Please include $1.00 for mailing costs.

**Due to space and time confines, I only listed those articles and studies from 1995 to October 1998. I will update when I can get more info from Dr Ludington.

% SLEEP TIME

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1998	Wilkerson, SA & Crout, L.	N=21. Review of medical records; purpose to describe physiological & behavior organization outcomes of premature infants receiving KC in NICU & compare outcomes between Gas.	Longer sleep/rest periods after KC
1998	Gayle, Gay	Review of KC studies; suggested protocol for KC	Sleep state less disorganized
1997	Messmer, Patricia R. Ridriguez, Suzanne Adams, Jose Wells-Gentry, Joyce Washburn, Kathy Zabaleta, Iganacio Abreu, Sonia	Sample: 20 neonate-parent dyads; PGA 26-37 wks; birth weight 750-1500 g; 5 min Apgars 6+; stable temp and VS for last 48h Purpose: to determine if the use of KC would result in changes in infant's behavioral state and other physiological parameters. The study addressed the influence of KC upon parental stress, emotional effects, and attitudes towards their infant.	Findings: significant increase in sleep time for the neonates during KC; neonates showed decreased agitation, apnea, and bradycardic episodes, and maintained O2 sats Outcome Variables Measured (pre-, during, and post KC) heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, O2 sats during KC %of Quiet Sleep % of Awake Time % of Active Sleep Baby Attitude Scale Brandburn Affect Scale Lazarus Hassles Scale
1997	Ludington, SSM	Purpose: effects of close contact on infants' physiological status & parents' emotional response. Monitor HR, RR, O2 sats, T & level of arousal; pretest, test (KC), post test - 3 hours each. Assess maternal & paternal impression/ stress levels	Deeper sleep for longer periods
1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infants	Increased sleep
1997	Richardson, Holly		Benefits of KC - longer periods of sleep
1996	Karlsson, H.	N=9 Regional skin temp & heat flow measured in moderately hypothermic term neonates to quantitate the heat transfer occurring 1 hour of skin-to-skin care.	Sleep increased during skin-to-skin
1996	Smith, Linell	Case study	Increased calm and sleeping; energy conserved
1995	Norton, Diane	Case study on premature triplets	Babies seemed to find KC soothing & reassuring, leading to increased sleep
1995	Bauer, Karl et al	N=22; preterm infants <1500gms; continuous monitoring of rectal T, peripheral skin T & O2 consumption; 1 hour incubator; 1 hour skin-to-skin; 1 hour incubator	Same amount sleep time

Activity States

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1998	Gomez, Papi A. et al (Spanish)	Descriptive Study: n=651 (full term); KC for up to two hours immediately after birth	All infants stayed awake during KC
1998	Gale, Gay & Vandenburg, Kathleen	Review of KC; suggested protocol for implementation	Eye to eye contact. Evidence for improved developmental function - parent/infant corregulation facilitated. Tone & flexion improve
1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infant	Increased alertness in activity
1997	Richardson, Holly		Benefits of KC - longer periods of alertness
1995	Bosque Brady, June P. Alfonso and Wahlberg	8 mother-infant pairs; compared incubator care with KC for 4 h a day, 6 days a weeks, for 3 weeks Outcome measures amt of apnea, bradycardia, and O2 sats (secondary measures include HR, reps, sleep time, and skin temp)	Apnea, bradycardia. O2 sats, HR were similar for KC and incubator care. Infants exp. Lower percent of sleep time with KC. Percentage of sleep time and skin temp were slightly lower during KC, but not clinically significant

Apnea

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1998	Ludington-Hoe, S et al	Letter. Feasibility of KC intervention on ventilated preterm infants N=1 pretest, KC & post-test; Pul. Func, HR, RR, SaO2, T & Behavioral state monitored	No apnea; appreciable resp effects of simple intervention (KC)
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study. HR, RR & O2 sats monitored for 6 h before KC, 2 h during KC and 6 hours after KC	No apnea
1997	Ludington, SM	Purpose: effects of close contact on infants' physiological status & parents' emotional response. Monitor HR, RR, O2 sats, T & level of arousal; pretest, test (KC), post test - 3 hours each. Assess maternal & paternal impression/ stress levels	Four-fold decrease in apnea
1997	Cattaneo A. & Tamburlini, G	Newsletter Report on International workshop 1996 Trieste, Italy	Decreased apnic episodes
1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infants	Decreased apnic episodes
1996	Karlsson, H.	N=9 regional skin temp & heat flow measured in moderately hypothermic term neonates to quantitate the heat transfer occurring in 1 hour of skin-to-skin care	No apnea
1995 (Abstract from Pediatric Research 37(4), Part 2)	Hadeed, Anthony J Ludington, Susan Siegel, Sharon Skin to skin	Purpose: to evaluate the effects of skin-to-skin contact on idiopathic Apnea of prematurity 41 stable babies 1-6 weeks of age. 20 infants randomly received Skin-to-skin for 5 consec days (grp 1) and 21 infants were in control grp (grp 2) Continuous recordings on days 1 and 5 were made for each baby during 3 consecutive inter-feedings. Each period was 2-3 hours in duration. Measures recorded each min inc 4-channel pneumocardiogram, skin temps and behavior state	On study day 1 and 5, apnea density and duration of apnea as percentage of quiet time were determined No diff in grp 2 Conclusion: Skin-to-skin contact reduces the frequency and duration of Idiopathic Apnea Of Prematurity and is safe for moms and their babies.
1995	Sontheimer, D. et al	N=13 Studying reliability of resp monitoring	Need to monitor resp & apnic episodes on infant's back along with HR and O2 sats in order to distinguish from parental respirations
1995	Norton, Diane	Case study on premature triplets	No increase in apnea with KC

BEHAVIORAL STATES

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infant	No crying during KC; decreased crying at 6 months
1997	Ludington, SM	Purpose: effects of close contact on infants' physiological status & parents' emotional response. Monitor HR, RR, O2 sats, T & level of arousal; pretest, test (KC), post test - 3 hours each. Assess maternal & paternal impression/ stress levels
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study. HR, RR &O2 sat monitored for 6 hours before KC, 2 hours during KC and 6 hours after KC	Baby awake - quiet - during KC
1996	Karlsson, H	N=9 regional skin temp & heat flow measured in moderately hypothermic term neonates to quantitate the heat transfer occurring in 1 hour of skin-to-skin care	Less crying
1996	Michelsson, K et al	N=29 examined early crying by sound spectrography - randomly assigned to be kept in cot or in body contact with mother during 90 mins following birth	Babies in cots cried almost 10 times more than those in body contact. Cry provisionally characterized as a discomfort cry; elicited mainly by separation from mother
1996	Smith, Linell	Case study	Decreased crying; less agitated

INFANT BODY TEMP: ABDOMINAL, AXILLARY, TYMPANIC, RECTAL AND TOE

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1998	Bauer, Karl Uhrig, Caroline Sperling, Peter Versmold, Hans	Tested the hypothesis that skin-to-skin contact increases oxygen consumption and central-periph. Temp gradient indicating cold stress Methods measured oxygen consumption, CO2 production, abdominal and foot skin temp in 8 VLBW infants (GA 27 weeks (24-32) median (range), BW 1220g (812-1470), before 1 hour, during 1 h, and after 1 hour	Oxygen consumption and central-peripheral temp gradients did not increase during skin-to-skin care Conclusion One hour of STS was no cold stress to preterm infants.
1998	Gomez, Papi A. et al (Spanish)	Descriptive study N=651 (full term); KC for up to two hours immediately after birth	Temp=> 36'C in 96% of the newborns, proportional to KC duration
1998	Cattanero, A et al	Summarizes recommendations of group of health professionals for implementation of KMC in various settings	Prevention of hypothermia; decreased morbidity
1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infants	Temp maintained; mothers showed thermal synchrony
1997	Durand, R. et al	Experimental, prospective, explanatory design with purposive sampling. Convenience sample - immediate PP & newborns self-selected into experimental or control group based on desire to breast or formula feed. N=50 (25 BF; 25 Control); 2 hours	Temp maintained in KC/BF group
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study. HR, RR & O2 sat monitored for 6 hours before KC, 2 h during, 6 h after KC
1997	Cattaneo, A. Tamburlini G.	Newsletter report on international workshop 1996 Trieste, Italy	KC prevents hypothermia in hospital & after discharge
1997	Ludington, SM	Purpose: effects of close contact on infants' physiological status & parents' emotional response. Monitor HR, RR, O2 sats, T & level of arousal; pretest, test (KC), post test - 3 hours each. Assess maternal & paternal impression/ stress levels	Increased temps with KC; mothers are sensitive thermoregulator
1997	Stening, W. (German)
1997	Richardson, Holly		Benefits of KC-no cold stress
1996	Karlsson, H	N=9 regional skin temp & heat flow measured in moderately hypothermic term neonates to quantitate the heat transfer occurring in 1 hour of skin-to-skin care	Increase in mean rectal temp; reduced heat loss from areas in contact with mother; heat balance; heat loss from area exposed to room air considerable
1995	Norton, Diane	Case study on premature triplets	Temps maintained/stable
1995	Bauer, Karl et al	N=22; preterm infants <1500gms; continuous monitoring of rectal T, peripheral skin T & O2 consumption; 1 hour incubator; 1 hour skin-to-skin; 1 hour incubator	Temps higher during KC than incubator. 1 hour STS care not a cold stress compared with care in thermoneutral incubator

BRADYCARDIA

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infants	Decreased bradycardia
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study, HR, RR & O2 sat monitors for 6 h before KC, 2 h during and 6h after KC	No bradycardia or tachycardia
1995	Sontheimer, D. et al	N=13 studying reliability of resp monitoring	Monitor for bradycardia with electrodes on back, along with resp

TIME OF DISCHARGE

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infant	Early discharge
1997	Charpak, N. et al	Open randomized controlled trial: N=1084 newborns =/<2000g;746 randomized; N=382 KMC; N=364 TC; KMC group discharged after randomization (regardless of wt or GA); 24 hours per day of KC intervention; TC group remained in minimal care unit until discharge criteria met. Both groups were followed 12 months	Hospital stay was shorter in KMC group, primarily infants-/<1800g hospital savings
1997	Cattaneo, A. Tamburlini G.	Newsletter report on international workshop 1996 Trieste Italy	KMC can decrease cost of hospital care for LBWI; earlier discharge
1997	Ludington, SM	Purpose: effects of close contact on infants' physiological status & parents' emotional response. Monitor HR, RR, O2 sats, T & level of arousal; pretest, test (KC), post test - 3 hours each. Assess maternal & paternal impression/ stress levels	Earlier transfer to open-air crib with KC; earlier discharge home
1996	Smith, Linell	Case study	Earlier discharge

HEART RATE

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1998	Gale, Gay & Vandenberg, Kathleen	Review of KC; suggested protocol for implementation	Heart rate more regular
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study, HR, RR & O2 sats monitored for 6 hours before, 2 h during, and 6 h after KC	Heart rate more stable
1997	Richardson, Holly		Benefits of KC - stable HR
1995	Bauer, Karl et al	N=22; preterm infants <1500gms; continuous monitoring of rectal T, peripheral skin T & O2 consumption; 1 hour incubator; 1 hour skin-to-skin; 1 hour incubator	No change in Heart Rate

INFECTION

YEAR

AUTHOR

STUDY & SAMPLE

OUTCOME

1998	Lincetto, O et al	Hospital based prospective cohort study N=246,2000g (149 cold season, 122 hot season); KC for both groups	Seasonal differences in weight gain, and risk of complications of infants treated with KMC (in hospital in cold season). After discharge increased complications and re-admit due to difficulty complying with KC at all hours. Exposure to low-ambient temp. Weight at discharge did not affect complications or growth rate
1998	Cattaneo, A et al	Summarizes recommendations of group of health professionals for implementation of KMC in various settings	Prevention of infections; decreased morbidity
1998	Charpak, N. et al	Letter
1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infants	No increase in infection
1997	Charpak, N. et al	Open randomized controlled trial: N=1084 newborns =/<2000g;746 randomized; N=382 KMC; N=364 TC (control); KMC group discharged after randomization (regardless of wt or GA); 24 hours per day of KC intervention; TC group remained in minimal care unit until discharge criteria met. Both groups were followed 12 months	Increased incidence of nasocomial infection in TC (control) group; total episodes of infection similar in both groups; spectrum of severity differs, favoring KC
1997	Cattaneo, A. Tamburlini, G	Newsletter report on international workshop 1996 Trieste, Italy	Prevents infection in hospital and after discharge
1997	Doyle, Lex W.	Commentary

LACTATION

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1998	Gomez, Papi A. et al (Spanish)	Descriptive Study: N=651 (full term), KC for up to two hours immediately after birth	Those infants who spontaneously started BFing during KC remained more time skin-to-skin contact. Infants in KC for >50 mins were 8 times more likely to BF spontaneously
1998	Gale, Gay & Vandenburg, Kathleen	Review of KC; suggested protocol for implementation	Self-regulatory breast feeding
1998	Cattaneo, A. et al	Summarizes recommendations of group of health professionals for implementation of KMC in various settings	Promotes early establishment & continuation of Breast feeding
1998	Charpak N. et al	Letter
1997	Shian, Shiow-Hwa Sherry Hwan & Anderson, GC	Paper presented at International Breast feeding Conference in Sydney, Australia. Random controlled trial looking at affects of KC on maternal anxiety, breastmilk maturation, Breast engorgement & breast feeding status; full term infants randomly assigned 4 hours after delivery; N=29 standard nursery care; N=29 KC	Decreased incidence of breast engorgement; increased BFing status; no difference in Breast Milk maturation
1997	Hurst, MM et al	Comparison of 24 hour mild volumes of mothers of vented low birth weight infants in STS group and non STS group. N=16 STS N=16 non STS. Mean 24 hour milk volumes at 2,3, & 4 weeks after delivery of STS holding mothers compared with retrospective control group from 12-month period immediately preceding introduction of STS holding	In 2 week period, a strong linear increase in milk volume in study groups compared to no indicative change of control groups. Milk volume. STS holing of LBW infants in early intensive care phase results in significant increase in maternal milk volume.
1997	Harrison , Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infant	Increased breast feeding - more milk; breast feeding longer
1997	Durand, R. et al	Experimental, prospective, explanatory design with purposive sampling. Convenience sample - immediate PP & newborns self-selected into experimental or control group based on desire to breast or formula feed. N=50 (25 BF; 25 Control); 2 hours	Positive breast feeding experience with KC; newborn latching on spontaneously during KC period
1997	Charpak, N. et al	Open randomized controlled trial: N=1084 newborns =/<2000g;746 randomized; N=382 KMC; N=364 TC (control); KMC group discharged after randomization (regardless of wt or GA); 24 hours per day of KC intervention; TC group remained in minimal care unit until discharge criteria met. Both groups were followed 12 months	Small but significant differences in early BFing patterns
1997	Cattaneo A. & Tamburlini, G.	Newsletter Report on international workshop 1996 Trieste, Italy	Early establishment & continuation of BFing in hospital & after discharge
1997	Doyle, Lex W.	Commentary
1996	Thompson, Nancy M.	Initiation of BFing 27 days after baby's birth and after baby developed necrotizing enterocolitis. Using specific strategies including KC and simultaneous breast pumping to facilitate relactation,	Mother able to provide adequate supply of BM at infant's discharge
1995	Norton, Diane	Case study on premature triplets	Longer BFING; increased confidence of mother in BFING

MOTHER'S/FATHER'S REACTIONS

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1998	Kloppestad, K.	Ex-post facto design N=185 parents, 103 mothers and 82 fathers. Holding preterm infants two different ways, STS and wrapped in blanket. Clinical structured interview with close ended questions. Experiences of love rated 1-8	The experiences of love rated significantly higher when holding STS than when holding in blanket. No significant difference between mothers and fathers when holding STS
1998	Gale, Gay Vandenberg, Kathleen	Review of KC; suggested protocol for implementation	Increased intimace; helps parents feel connected. Eye-to-eye contact leads to experience of "knowing" infant; increased attachment
1998	Cattaneo, A. et al	Summarizes recommendations of group pf health professionals for implementation of KMC in various settings	Increased ability and self-confidence of mothers in taking care of infants
1998	Gomez, Papi A. et al (Spanish)	Descriptive Study N=651 (full term) KC for up to 2 hours immediately after birth	Most mothers looked at child and were happy during KC; 21% felt tired
1998	Vaivre-Douret, L. et al	Report of KC practices in Europe	KC adapted for use in European countries, STS contact and incubator in mother's room. These methods favor parent - infant interaction. Qualified and devoted staff required for success
1998	Tessier, R. et al	Random control trial N=488 (infants <2,001 g) 246 in KC group, 242 in traditional care group	Change in mother's perception of her child - bonding effect - resulting from empowering nature of KC. Increased feeling of competence in distressful situations seen in mothers using KC (resilience effect) Negative effect on feelings of received support of mothers practicing KC (isolation effect) showing need for increased social support. Infant health status a more predominant factor in explaining mothers' sensitive behavior, overshadowing KC effect
1998	Charpak, N. et al	Letter
1998	Ruiz-Pelaez, Juan G.	Commentary
1997	Shian, Shiow-Hwa Sharry Hwan & Anderson, GC	Paper presented at International Breast feeding Conference in Sydney, Australia. Random controlled trial looking at affects of KC on maternal anxiety, breastmilk maturation, Breast engorgement & breast feeding status; full term infants randomly assigned 4 hours after delivery; N=29 standard nursery care; N=29 KC	Decrease in Maternal anxiety in KC
1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infant	Parental confidence increased; eager to take child home
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study HR, RR & O2 sat monitored for 6 h before, 2 h during, and 6 h after KC	Parent-infant bonding facilitated; parental satisfaction enhanced
1997	Fischer, C. et al	German, Psychological & physiological studies	Show KC may have positive effects on parent & child
1997	Cattaneo, A. Tamburlini, G.	Newsletter Report on International workshop 1996 Trieste Italy	KMC well accepted by mother & staff; increased self-confidence of mothers in care of infant
1997	Ludington, SM	Purpose: effects of close contact on infants' physiological status & parents' emotional response. Monitor HR, RR, O2 sats, T & level of arousal; pretest, test (KC), post test - 3 hours each. Assess maternal & paternal impression/ stress levels	Mothers and fathers feel closer to babies
1996	Smith, Linell	Case Study	Increased satisfaction of parent; decreased stress - increased comfort (mother & baby)
1996	Gloppestad, K.	Used registration schedule, existing sources of data, and interviews	Time from birth to father holding preterm infants STS significantly different compared to Mother
1995	Norton, Diane	Case study on premature triplets	Babies felt more 'mine' increased confidence of mother in BFING & monitoring of baby
1995	Gloppestad, K.		Separation time for close contact between fathers and preterm infants reduced by 66.8% with intro of STS contact during father's visit

MORTALITY/SURVIVAL RATIO

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1998	Ruiz-Palaez, Juan G.	Letter
1997	Charpak, N. et al	Open randomized controlled trial: N=1084 newborns =/<2000g;746 randomized; N=382 KMC; N=364 TC (control); KMC group discharged after randomization (regardless of wt or GA); 24 hours per day of KC intervention; TC group remained in minimal care unit until discharge criteria met. Both groups were followed 12 months	Risk of dying for KMC group the same as for TC group; similar mortality
1997	Cattaneo, A. Tamburlini G.	Newsletter report on International workshop 1996 Trieste, Italy	Decreased morbidity with KMC
1995 (Abstract from Pediatric Research 37 (4) Part 2)	Charpak, Natalie Ruiz, Juan G. De Calume, Zita Charpak, Yves	766 infants randomly allocated to trad care (374) or KC (392) Kangaroo infants were discharged upon eligibility regardless of GA or weight and kept 24 h a day upright, STS firmly to mom's chest. Control babies were kept in incubators until reaching usual hospital criteria	Mortality rates; KC group 1.5% and control 2.1% Morbidity and growth indexes were similar between the two groups. Total length of hospitalization was clearly shorter in the KC (2.5 vs 5.4 days)
1995 (Abstract same as 1994 study published in The Lancet, Vol 344, Sept 17, 1994)	Sloan, NL Camacho, Leon LW Rojas, Pinto Stern, C Maternidad Isidro Study Team	A longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial at the Isidro Ayora hospital in Quito, Ecuador Infants with LBW (<2000g) who satisfied out-of-risk criteria of tolerance of food and weight stabilization were randomly assigned to KMC and control groups (N=128 and 147, respectively)	During 6 months follow-up, the KMC group had a significantly lower rate than the control group of serious illness (lower resp tract disorders, apnea, pneumonia, septicemia, general infections (7 (5%) vs 27 (18%), p<0.002, although diff between the grps in less severe morbidity were not significant Mortality was the same in both grps; most deaths occurred during the stabilization period before randomization

NICU READMITS

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1997	Charpak, N. et al	Open randomized controlled trial: N=1084 newborns =/<2000g;746 randomized; N=382 KMC; N=364 TC (control); KMC group discharged after randomization (regardless of wt or GA); 24 hours per day of KC intervention; TC group remained in minimal care unit until discharge criteria met. Both groups were followed 12 months	Early discharge of KC group did not increase readmission. Readmission for apnea, hypoglycemia & aspiration not different

KC POST DISCHARGE

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1998	Charpak, N. et al	Letter	Response to commentary by Doyle (1997)
1998	Doyle, Lex W.	Commentary	Commentary on Study by Charpak, N.

RESPIRATION

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1998	Ludington-Hoe, S et al	Letter Feasibility of KC intervention on Ventilated preterm infants N=1 Pretest; KC & post test; pul func HR, RR, SaO2, T & behavioral state monitored	Appreciable resp effects of simple intervention (KC)
1998	Gale, Gay Vandenberg, Kathleen	Review of KC; suggested protocol for implementation	Breathing more regular
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study HR, RR & O2 sat monitored of 6 h before, 2 h during, and 6 h after KC	Improvement of breathing pattern
1997	Richardson, Holly		Benefits of KC - more regular breathing

SaO2 (SATURATION)

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1998	Ludington-Hoe, S et al	Letter Feasibility of KC intervention on Ventilated preterm infants N=1 Pretest; KC & post test; pul func HR, RR, SaO2, T & behavioral state monitored	Mechanical ventilated infant able to tolerate transfer and position changes w/out increased O2 requirements
1998	Gale, Gay Vandenberg, Kathleen	Review of KC; suggested protocol for implementation	Improved pulmonary function; O2 sat increased due to upright position
1997	Cleary, GM et al	Case study HR, RR & O2 sat monitored of 6 h before, 2 h during, and 6 h after KC	O2 saturation stable
1997	Harrison, Lynda	Review of studies on touch/handling & KC in caring for preterm infant	Adequate O2 saturation
1997	Stening, W. (German)
1985	Norton, Diane	Case study on Premature triplets	Stable O2 sats
1995 (Abstract from Pediatric Research 37 (4) Part 2	Bauer, Karl et al	N=22; preterm infants <1500g; continuous monitoring of rectal T, peripheral skin T & O2 consumption; 1 hour incubator; 1 hour STS; 1 hour incubator	O2 consumption not significantly higher than in incubator

WEIGHT CHANGE: GAIN, LOSS, VELOCITY

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1998	Lincetto, O. et al	Hospital based prospective cohort study; N=246 <2000g (149 cold season, 122 hot season); KC for both groups	Seasonal differences in weight gain, risk of complications of infants treated with KMC (in hosp in cold season). After discharge increased complications and re admissions due to difficulty complying with KC at all hours. Exposure to low ambient temp. Weight at discharge did not effect complications or growth rate
1997	Charpak, N. et al	Open randomized controlled trial: N=1084 newborns =/<2000g;746 randomized; N=382 KMC; N=364 TC (control); KMC group discharged after randomization (regardless of wt or GA); 24 hours per day of KC intervention; TC group remained in minimal care unit until discharge criteria met. Both groups were followed 12 months	No difference growth between two groups; no reduction in early physical growth of KMC group
1997	Richardson, Holly		Benefits of KC - more rapid weight gain
1996	Smith, Linell	Case study	Gain weight quicker

GLUCOSE LEVELS

YEAR	AUTHOR	STUDY & SAMPLE	OUTCOME
1997	Durand, R. et al	Experimental, prospective, explanatory design with purposive sampling. Convenience sample - immediate PP & newborns self-selected into experimental or control group based on desire to breast or formula feed. N=50 (25 BF; 25 Control); 2 hours	Normal blood glucose values maintained in both groups

ORIGINAL ARTICLES - 1995 to October 1998

Anderson GC. (1995). Touch and the Kangaroo Care method. In T. Field (Ed.), Touch in Early Development. Hillsdale: L. Earlbaum, pg. 34-51.

Anderson GC. (1996). Kangaroo Care videotape. Neonatal Network, 15(4): p.70

Anderson GC. (In Press 1999). Kangaroo care of the premature infant. In E. Goldstein & A. Sostek (Eds.) Nurturing the Premature Infant: Developmental Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery. Oxford University Press.

Anderson GC, Ludington-Hoe SM. Cardiorespiratory stability during maternal skin-to-skin (Kangaroo) care. Under review, New England Journal of Medicine. 1998

Anderson GC, Ludington - Hoe, SM Simpson S, Hollingsead A, Argote LA, Rey H. In press (1999). Birth=associated fatigue in 34-36 week premature infants: Rapid recovery with very early skin-to-skin (kangaroo) care., 28 J. Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing, 28 (1 or 2).

Bauer J , Sontheimer D , Fischer C, & Linderkamp O (1996). Metabolic rate and energy balance in very low birth weight infants during kangaroo Care holding by their mothers or fathers. Journal of Pediatrics, 129(4), 608-611.

Bauer K, Uhrig C, Sperling P, Pasel K, Wieland C, Versmold HT (1997). Body temperatures and oxygen consumption during skin-to-skin (Kangaroo) care in stable preterm infants weighing less than 1500 grams. Journal of Pediatrics, 130(2), 240-244.

Bell EH, Geyer J, Jones L (1995). A structured intervention improves Breast feeding success for ill or preterm infants. Amer. J. Maternal Child Nursing, 20(6): 309-314

Bell RP, McGrath J (1996) How to implement a research-based Kangaroo Care program in the NICU. Nursing Clinics of North America, 31(2), 387-403.

Bier JB, Ferguson AE, Morales Y, Liebling JA, Archer D, Oh W, Vohr B (1996) Comparison of skin-to-skin contact with standard contact in low birth weight infants who are breast-fed. Archives Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 150, 1265-1269.

Bingham RJ (1997) Roo the day: Rudiments of Kangaroo Care. Nann Central Lines, vol 13(4) (November, 1997, p 10-13) A simple to read review of the history, development and benefits of KC.

Bosque EM, Brady JP, Affonso DD, Wahlberg V (1995) Physiological measures of Kangaroo vs incubator care in a tertiary level nursery. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 24(3), 219-228.

Cash S, O'Quinn JLK (1996) Kangaroo Care is for full term babies too. American Journal of Nursing, 96(10), 20. Short report of three full term kc studies published elsewhere.

Cattaneo A, Davanzo R, Uxa F, Tamburlini G. (1998) Recommendations for the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care for low birth weight infants. Acta Paediatrica, 87(4): 440-445.

Cattaneo A, Davanzo R, Worku B, Surjono A, Echeveria N, Bedri A, Huksari E, Osorno L, Gudetta B, Setyowireni D, Quintero S, Tamburlini G. Kangaroo mother care for low birth weight infants: A randomized controlled trial in different settings.

Cattaneo A, Tamburlini G (1997) news from the Regions-Newsletter from Italy. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 43: 251-252. This is a brief report of the work accomplished at the October, 1996 World Health Organization-Bureau of International Health sponsored Consensus Conference on Kangaroo Mother Care.

Charpak N, Ruiz-Pelaez JG, Figuero de C Z, Charpak Y (1997) Kangaroo mother vs traditional care for newborn infants <2000 grams: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, vol 100 #4, Oct 1997, pg 682-689. 1084 newborns were followed in this RCT. The risks of dying was similar in both groups as were growth indices. KMC is safe.

Charpak N, Figueroa Z, Ruiz JG (1998) Kangaroo Mother care. The Lancet, 351; March 21, 1998

Christensson K, Bhat G, Amadi B, Eriksson B, Hojer B. (1998) Randomized study of skin-to-skin versus incubator care for rewarming low-risk hypothermic neonates. The Lancet, 352(9134): 1115.

Christensson K (1996) Fathers can effectively achieve heat conservation in healthy newborn infants. Acta Paediatrica, 85, 1354-1360. Paternal KC with FULL TERM newborns from C/S deliveries. 44 infants studied and glucose levels were higher in KC than cot babies and at 24 hours post-birth, mean axillary temp was higher in KC group.

Christensson K, Cabrera T, Christensson E, Uvnas-Moberg K, Winberg J (1995) Separation distress call in the human infant in the absence of maternal body contact. Acta Paediatrica, 84, 468-473.

Cleary GM, Spinner SS, Gibsom E, Greenspan JS (1997) J. American Osteopathic Association, 97(8): 457-460. Skin-to-skin parental contact with fragile preterm infants. Case study of 29 week GA twin given maternal and paternal KC for 2 hours on the 19^th day of life when on nasal cannula. All physiologic patterns were more stable, NO bradycardia, NO central or obstructive apnea, NO periodic breathing or desats during KC and this pattern persisted more than 2 hours after KC ended.

Davanzo R, Cattaneo A (1995) The Kangaroo mother method. The kangaroo, 4(1) July: p 6-9. This is a review of Sloan (Lancet, 1994) and Charpak (Paediatrica 1994) articles with a commentary related to the recommending Kangaroo Care for implementation on a global basis. He kangaroo is a journal published by the Bureau for International Cooperation in Maternal and Child Health and is available by writing: WHO Collaborating Center for Maternal and Child Health, Instituto per l'Infanzia, Via dell'Instrud 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.

Diaz-Rosellow JL (1996) Caring for the mother and preterm infant: Kangaroo Care. Birth, 23 (2): 108-111. This is a review article with 17 references.

Doyle LW (1997) Kangaroo mother care. The Lancet Vol 350 December 13, 1997

Durand R, Hodges S, LaRock S, Lund L, Schmid S, Swick D, Yates T, Perez A. (1997) The effect of skin-to-skin breast feeding in the immediate recovery period on newborn thermoregulation and glucose values. Neonatal Intensive Care, March/April, 1997, p 23-27.

Fischer CB, Sontheimer D, Lindercamp O (1998) Cardiorespiratory stability during kangaroo Care. In press, Early Human Development.

Fradlin K. Creating a hypothesis from clinical experiences: Kangaroo Care, full term infants, and a successful latch. Doctoral paper by one of Gene Anderson's students. Obtain from Dr Anderson who is on the researchers list at the end of this bibliography.

Gale G, Vandenberg K (1998) kangaroo Care (part of the developmental Care column) Neonatal Network, 17(5): 1-3

Gloppestad K (1995) Initial separation time between mothers and their premature infants; A comparison between two periods of time. Vard I Norden, 15(2): 10-17 With KC, waiting time was significantly reduced by 66.8%.

Gloppestad K (1996) Parent's skin-to-skin holding of small premature infants: Differences between fathers and mothers. Vard I Norden, 16(1) 22-27. The time from birth til fathers held their preemie in KC was significantly later compared to mothers - about 120% difference of the median in time.

Gloppestad K (1998) Experiences of maternal love and paternal love when preterm infants were held skin-to-skin and wrapped in blanket: Differences between the two types of holding. Vard I Norden, 18(1): 23-30.

Hurst NM, Valentine CJ, Renfro L, Burns P, Ferlic L (1997) Skin-to-skin holding in the NICU influences maternal milk volume. J Perinatology, 17(3): 213-217.

Karlsson H (1996) Skin to Skin care: Heat balance. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 75: F130-132. Nine healthy neonates were given KC on mom's chest and rectal Ts increased by 0.7'C During KC.

Legault M, Goulet C (1995) Skin-to-skin holding in premature infants. J. Obstetric, Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing

Lincetto O, Vos ET, Graca A, Macome C, Tallarico M, Fernandez A (1998) Impact of season and discharge weight on complications and growth of Kangaroo Mother Care treated low birth weight infants in Mozambique Acta Paediatr 87: 433-9

Ludington-Hoe SM, Anderson GC, Hadeed AJ. Maternal thermal synchrony during skin-to-sin contact. Paper in progress.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Ferreira C, Goldstein M (1998) Kangaroo Care with a ventilated preterm infant Acta Paediatrica, 87(6): 711-713.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Ferreira C, Cusson R, Swinth J, Zarkower A, Safe criteria and procedure for Kangaroo Care with intubated preterm infants. Under review Neonatal Network.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Kasper CE (1995) A physiologic method of monitoring preterm infants during Kangaroo Care. Journal of Nursing Measurements, 3(1), 13-29

Ludington-Hoe SM, Swinth J (1996a) Developmental aspects of Kangaroo Care. JOGNN (Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and neonatal Nursing, 25(8): 691-703.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Swinth J (1996b) A successful long distance research collaboration. Applied Nursing Research, 9(4). 219-244.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Swinth J in press. What you want to know to start a kangaroo Care program: Questions and Answer. A.J. Maternal Child Nursing.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Swinth J, Anderson GC A randomized controlled trial with preterm infants in open-air cribs: Effects of kangaroo Care on behavior state. Submission to Child Development.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Swinth J, Becker J, Rao S. Survey of the practice of Kangaroo Care with ventilated preemies. Manuscript in progress.

Messmer PR, Rodriguea S, Adams J, Wells-Gentry J, Washburn K, Zabaleta I, Abreu S. Effect of KC on sleep time for neonates. Pediatric Nursing, 23 (4): 408-414.

Michelsson K, Christenson K, Rothganger H, Winberg J (1996) Crying in separated and non-separated newborns: Sound spectrographic analysis, Acta paediatrica, 85: 471-475.

Mooncey S, Giannakoulopoulos X, Glover V, Acolet D, Modi N (1997) The effect of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on plasma cortisol and Beta- endorphin concentrations in preterm infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 20(4): 553-557.

Richardson H (1997) kangaroo Care: Why Does It Work? International Midwife Winter 1997

Ruiz-Peleaz, JG (1998) Kangaroo Care: Commentary on a Commentary. Birth, 25: 1 March 1998

Sontheimer D, Fischer CG, Scheffer F, Kaempf D, Lindercamp O (1995) Pitfalls in respiratory monitoring of premature infants during Kangaroo Care. Archives Disease in Childhood, 72, F115-117.

Sontheimer D, Ludington-Hoe SM, Fischer CG, Kaempf D, Linderkamp O. in press. Kangaroo Care in transport instead of incubator transport. Archives of Disease in Childhood

Syfrett EB, Anderson GC, Behnke ML, Hilliard B in progress. Very early Kangaroo Care for healthy breast-fed preterm infants: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Available from Dr Anderson

Tessier R, Cristo M, Valez S, Giron M, Figueroa de Calume Z, Ruiz-Palaez JG, Charpak Y, Charpak N (1998) kangaroo Mother Care and the bonding hypothesis. Pediatrics Vol 102 No 2 August 1998 p. 17.

Thompson NM (1996) Relactation in a NICU setting J Hum Lact 12(3), 1996 p. 233-235.

Whitelaw A, Anderson GC, Diaz-Rosello. In progress. In-hospital skin-to-skin contact for premature infants: A Cochrane Analysis, In press, updates on it's progress are available from Dr Gene Anderson (on researcher list).

ABSTRACTS- 1995 to Oct 1998

Bauer K, Pasel K, Versmold H (1996) Chest skin temperature of mothers of preterm infants is higher than that of men and women. Ped Research, 39(4) pt 2, p. 195A.

Bauer K, Uhrig C, Sperling P, Versmold HT (1995) One hour of Skin-to-skin care was no cold stress for VLBW infants as oxygen consumption and central-peripheral temperature gradient did not increase. Ped Res., 37(2), 196A.

Charpak N, Figueroa Z, Ruiz JG, Charpak Y (1997) Kangaroo Mother Care versus traditional care for newborn infants (<2000 grams). A randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Research, 41(4), pt. 2, 192A.

Dutcher J (1996) Nursing Attitudes about Kangaroo Care in the United States. Abstract presented at National Association of Neonatal Nurse's Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, Sept. 15-17, 1996. Available from Janet Dutcher.

Hadeed AJ, Ludington SM, Siegal C (1995) Skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant reduces idiopathic apnea of prematurity. Pediatric Research, 37(4), Part 2, p. 280A, #1233.

Ludington SM, Swinth J, Nguyen N (1996) Skin contact compared to incubators for prevention of heat loss in preterm infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 19 (Special ICIS issue).

Ludington SM, Dorsey SG (1998) Meta-analysis of kangaroo Care effects. J. Investigative Medicine 46(1) p. 175A.

Modi N, Glover V (1998) Non-pharmacological reduction of hypercortosolemia in preterm infants. Infant behavior and Development, vol 21, April 1998, Special ICIS issue, pg 86.

Shiau S-HSH, Anderson GC (1997) Randomized controlled trial of Kangaroo care with preterm infants; Effects on maternal anxiety, Breast milk maturation, breast engorgement, and breast-feeding status. International Breast-feeding Conference Sydney, Australia, Oct 23-25, 1997.

Swinth JY, Ludington-Hoe SM (1998) Kangaroo Mother Care during Phototherapy: Effect on bilirubin profile. Infant behavior and Development, vol 21 Special ICIS issue, April 1998, p 708.

Tessier R, Cristo M, Velez S, Giron M, Figueroa de Calume Z, Ruiz-Palaez JG, Charpak Y, Charpak N (1998) Kangaroo Mother Care and the bonding hypothesis. Pediatrics, 102(2): 390-391.

Wilkerson SA, Crout L (1998) Kangaroo care with very premature infants. Midwest Nursing Research Society, 22^nd Annual Research Conference, April 1998, p A218. Infant were able to tolerate KC even with intubation and IVs. All rested for longer periods after KC.

VIDEOS/SLIDE PRESENTATIONS

VIDEOS

Rice, Ruth D (1998) Kangaroo Care. Available from Ruth D Rice, 6455 Meadow Rd, Dallas, TX 75230, (214) 363-7244.

Rosenberg, Susan (1995) Kangaroo Care: A Parent's Touch. Available from Susan Rosenberg, 333 E Superior Street, Room 484, Chicago, IL 60611 (312) 908-7398. (18

min) $65.00 Fax: 312-926-8081

Warwood, Teresa (1998) Kangaroo Care Educational Program (KCEP). This is a video orientation for health professionals. A 28-minute video covering basic information to be used in orientation of personnel in sites where Kangaroo Care is offered or planned to be offered. If one wants uniform implementation of a treatment, you must include the guidelines in the orientation of all new staff and update existing staff. This video does an excellent job of reflecting the current findings and clinical issues related to KC implementation in NICUs. Available from Teresa Warwood, 2638 E. 1600 North, Layton, UT 84040 (801) 546-4253.

SLIDE PRESENTATIONS

Ludington, Susan (1997) Overview of Kangaroo Care. 48 slides covering the origins of Kangaroo Care in Columbia, European studies and the 14 studies (maternal, paternal, beginning at birth, with ventilated infants, with phototherapy infants, and pictures of breathing records before, during and after KC) Conducted by Dr Ludington in the United States with a paragraph of commentary accompanying each slide to highlight the importance of each slide. Mostly pictures of happy mothers/fathers kangarooing.

PROTOCOLS

Protocols are published in the following journal articles:

Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (617) 355-6000. Ms Ann Coangula is the nurse Manager and they have "Guidelines for Kangaroo Care for 7 North: Newborn Intensive Care". It lists eligibility and exclusion criteria and requires doctor order. The protocol and documentation to follow are included.

Cleary, et al (1997) Protocol from Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, PA

Evanston Hospital, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201. Protocol lists criteria, implementation, guidelines for transfer, including transfer of intubated infant, and documentation.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Ferreira C, Swinth J Criteria and Procedure for Safe Administration of KC to Mechanically Ventilated Preterm Infants. Under review JOGNN

Martin Luther Hospital - Anaheim, CA Neonatal Intensive Care Kangaroo Care Policy # NIC302.9 (3 pages) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Martin Luther Hospital - Anaheim, 1830 W. Romney Dr, Anaheim, CA 92801-1854.

The JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL protocol can be obtained from Dr Ludington, as can the University of Maryland Medical System Protocol.

Saginaw General Hospital. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Kangaroo Care. Saginaw General Hospital 1447 N. Harrison St, Saginaw , MI 48602.

St Agnes Medical Center, Protocol for Kangaroo Care. Write to Ms. Sheri Fogarty, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurse Educator, St Agnes Medical Center, 900 Caton Ave, Baltimore, MD 21229 (410) 368-2630.

St Joseph's Hospital, PO Box 4227, Tampa, FL 33677-4227 has "Protocol: Kangaroo Care" with assessment, reportable conditions, safety, care, consult, patient instruction and documentation guidelines included.

St Mary's Hospital Med Ctr., Infant ICU, 707 S. Mills St., Madison, MI 53715-0450. Includes list of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

St Mary's Hospital, 901 45^th St, West Palm Beach, FL, 33416-4620. Includes purpose, description, procedure, parent readiness, implementation, documentation.

Sarasota Memorial Hospital NICU, Ms Deborah Hanson, RNC, 1700 S. Tamiani Terrace, Sarasota, FL 34239-3555.

York Health System. Kangaroo Care Policy and Procedure. York Health System. 10001 S. George Street, York, PA 17405, (717) 851-2199.

PAMPHLETS

Hoover, Kay. Post birth care impacts breast feeding. Has lovely pictures of how to implement Kangaroo Care. Compiled by Kay Hoover, Med. IBCLC, Philadelphia Dept of Public Health, Office of Maternal and Child Health, 500 S. Broad Street, 2^nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19146 (215) 685-6825.

Promina Cobb Hospital Special Care Nursery, 3950 Austell Rd, Austell, GA 30001. (404) 732-45414. Ms Pat Beckett, RNC, Dept Manager of Special Care Nursery.

Larimer, Krisanne 1401 Washington St. #18, Canon City, CO 81212. (719) 276-3014 Author of this web site. Has booklet for parents and Health care professionals. Booklet has stories from parents telling of their first Kangaroo experience. A few pages tell how KC is done and the benefits of KC. A great tool to increase parent involvement and lessen parental anxiety.

Martin Luther Hospital - Anaheim. Patient Information Sheet (in English and Spanish) Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 1830 W. Romney Dr. Anaheim, CA 92801-1854.

RELATED ARTICLES

Epstein R, Herer P, Tzischinsky O, Lavie P (1997) Changing from communal to familial sleep arrangement in the Kibbutz Effects on Sleep quality. Sleep, 20(5): 334-339.

McKenna J, Mosko SS, Richard CA (1997) Bed sharing promotes breast feeding. Pediatrics, 100(2): 214-219.

Mosko SS, Richard C, McKenna J (1997) Maternal sleep and arousal during bed sharing with infants Sleep, 20(2): 142-150.

Als H, Gilkerson L (1995) Developmentally supportive care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Zero to Three, 15(6): 1-10. This has one small paragraph on "Opportunities for skin-to-skin holding" on page 5 saying that these opportunities are regularly provided as part of developmental care.

Harrison L Research utilization: Handling preterm infants in the NICU. Neonatal Network, 16(3)Z: 65-69. On pages 66 &67 she discusses Kangaroo Care and it's benefits. On page 68 she states more research is needed to answer the question: When is it safe to initiate KC for preterm infants?

LAY PUBLICATIONS

__________ (1998) Infant Care. Redbook, Oct 1998 issue. Refers to the University of Maryland as a resource site for Kangaroo Care information. The article has a few paragraphs of KC information.

_________ (1997) Bare hugs: Skin-to-skin snuggling aids preemies. Prevention Magazine, June 1997, pg 40-41. Quote the findings of a study of 50 moms, 25 who held infants in KC for 10 minutes each day and 25 who held swaddled infants. Better VS and higher O2 and more stable milk supply were in the KC group.

Bassi J (1995) Award-winning kangaroo care: skin-to-skin contact creates gentle communication. Mount Sinai Medical Center and Miami Herald Medical Reports. January 1995 Reports on Dr Patricia Messmer's study of physiologic stability in kangaroo care preterms.

Fantin L (1997) Midwives told Kangaroo Care for humans too: Professor describes the benefits of cuddling premature infants. The Salt Lake Tribune, Sunday March 9, 1997. Reports on Dr Ludington's presentation about KC.

Koontz K (1998) Hold me tight Fit Pregnancy, Spring 1998 p 33-34

Norton D (1995) Kangaroo love for preterm babies. Living and Loving, September 1995. 133-135.

Ulrich L (1998) Our 15-ounce daughter McCalls Oct 1998, p 64-78. Article on Micro preemie Miracles. Show picture of KC and talks about how they did it to help their 15 oz daughter born at 23 weeks gestation. Show baby being same size as cellular phone.

RESEARCHERS

Susan M Ludington, CNM, PhD, FAAN

Professor, Maternal Child Health

University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Nursing

655 W. Lombard Street

Baltimore, MD 21201-1759

office: (410) 706-8625

email: [email protected]

Studying effect of KC during phototherapy on bilirubin profiles, effect of one hour of KC with ventilated preterms on pulmonary function test outcomes, effect of 3 hours of KC on EEG measures of sleep, effect of KC on pain responses.

Gene C. Anderson, R.N., Ph.D., FAAN

Professor and Melon Chair

Case Western Reserve University School of Nursing

Cleveland, OH

office: (216) 368-3343

Studying the effect of immediate KC placement, beginning at birth and continuing until discharge, on infant and maternal physiologic, developmental, and psychologic outcomes.

Joy Brown, R.N., Ph.D.

Children's Hospital of Denver

email: [email protected]

They conducted research on the physiologic disorganization associated with transfer into and out of kangaroo care. Her manuscript has been submitted to Nursing Research in Fall 1997.

Gerald Cleary, D.O.

Division of neonatology

Abington Memorial Hospital

1200 Old York Road

Abington, PA 19001-3788

In 1997, conducting a randomized controlled trial of KC with intubated infants and the receiving O2 support by cannula. Looking at physiologic outcomes. See his article in J. American Osteopathic Association, vol 97 #8, p 457-460

Ms Patricia Clifford

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (215) 590-3083

They are studying 1-2 hours of KMC with ventilated infants as young as 23 weeks and as small as 550 grams testing weight. Doing chart control comparison, looking at HR, RR, SaO2, and temp. Results to date show no differences between KC and chart review infants. I (Susan Ludington) spoke to her in Fall 1997 and she was getting ready to write her results of 9 infants studied as of Nov 1997. Teresa Farley, MSN, CPNP

Developmental Pediatric services

8210 Walnut Hill Lane, Suite 604

Presbyterian Hospital

Dallas, TX 75231

(214) 345-4156

fax: (214) 696-3014

In 1995 started a study of HR, RR, SaO2 and temp during transfer into and out of KC and during KC and rest periods with ventilated preterm infants

Pamela Green Henderson CNS/NNP

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Women's College Hospital

Toronto, CANADA

email: [email protected] or phone (416) 323-6400 ext 4568

doing research on KC with ventilated infants in Fall, 1998

C. Celeste Johnston

Assoc Professor School of Nursing

McGill University

3506 University St

Montreal QC H2X 3PY

phone: (514) 398-4157

fax: (514) 398-8455

email: [email protected]

Doing research on 15 minutes of Kangaroo Care on infant pain using the Premature Infant Pain Profile, published in PAIN, Nov 1996. October 1998 has just completed the pilot work on the work.

Patricia Messmer, R.N.C., Ph D.

Director of Nursing Research at Mount Sinai Medical Center Miami Florida. Published her study on behavior state and cardiovascular stability.

Lucila Mora, R.N., BSN,

1421 Clement Street

San Francisco, CA 94118

(415) 750-1463

email: [email protected]

Doing some sort of Kangaroo Care research as part of her ms degree at UCSF.

Jacqueline Page, BscN, MHSc, NNP

and Renee-Louise Franche, Ph D Dept of Psychology

Ottawa General Hospital

501 Smyth Rd

Ottawa, ONTARIO

CANADA K1H 8L6

pager: 613-737-8039

613-737-8943

Franche: 613-737-8651

Premature infant's physiologic response (50 ventilated preterms - looking at HR, RR, SaO2, and vent settings) and Maternal stress. Infant stress measured by physiologic homeostasis

Kay Roberts, R.N., PhD

Professor of Nursing, School of Health Sciences

Northern Territory University

Darwin, Australia 0909

office:(089 46-6071

fax: (089) 46-6595

Studying maternal and infant outcomes of KC

Cindy Roller, R.N., BSN

Neonatal Intensive Care Staff Nurse

Kadlec Medical Center

333 Swift Ave

Richland, WA 99352

email: [email protected]

Studying nursing factors affecting utilization of KC research results.

Shandler, Richard, Nancy Hurst and Chantelle Lau. Have just in 1998 completed an NIH trial of effect of skin-to-skin contact on maternal milk production. Working at Texas Children's Hospital, fax for Ms Nancy Hurst: 713-770-3633.

Shiau, SH Randomized controlled trial of Kangaroo care with full term infants. Effects on maternal anxiety, breast milk maturation, breast engorgement, and breast feeding status.

Sandra L Smith, University of Utah

email: [email protected]

Completed a study on the physiologic responses of intubated very-low-birthweight infants during maternal skin-to-skin care.

Amy Wallig NNP, MS

Kathy Leef, RNC MS

Susan Iman, NNP, MS

Robert Locke DO

Medical Center of Delaware

4755 Ogletown-Stanton Road

Newark, DE 19718

Amy Wallig phone: 302-733-2396

Susan Iman phone: 302-733-4387 page op: 302-733-1900 beeper 2431

This medical center of Delaware is a complete NIDCAP unit with several NIDCAP certified staff RNs and they are doing a study of ventilated KMC with a 15 minute pretest, KMC, 15 minute post test of non-evasive pulmonary function testing: SaO2, HR, RR, temp, resistance, compliance, pCO2, pO2. Length of KMC unknown. Study was up and running with 4-5 ventilated preterms at any time in their nursery in Fall 1997.

Terry Zeilinger

Martin Luther Hospital - Anaheim

1830 W Romney Dr, Anaheim, CA 92801-1854

Doing data collection of age, weight, FiO2 and SaO2 before and during KC, along with length of session and skin temp range.