Tchemical formulae;balanced chemical equations; concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity,maolaty and he concept of atoms and molecules; laws of chemical combination; mole concept;normality, calculations involving common oxidation-reduction,neutralisation, and displacement reactions.
Gaseous,liquid and solid states:
Ideal gas equation, deviation from ideality (compression factor, Z); van der Waal's equation; diffusion of gases,Kinetic theory of gases; average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature, law of partial pressures; vapour pressure, surface tension and viscosity,classification of solids; crystalline state, seven crystal system(only cell parameters : a,b,c, , , , ); packing fcc,bcc,hcp;nearest neighbours,simple ionic compounds,point defects.
Atomic structure:
Rutherford model;spectrum of hydrogen atom; Bhor model; de-Broglie relations,uncertanity principle,quantum mechanical model;electronic configration of elements(upto atomic number 36); Aufbau principle,Pauli's exclusion principle, and Hund's rule, shapes of s,p, and d orbitals.
Perodicity of properties of elements:
Classification of elements into s,p, and d block; periodicity in properties with respect to atomic and ionic radii,ionisation energy, electron affinity,electronegativity,oxidation state and metallic and non-mettalic character.
Bonding and molecular structure:
Lewis structures;orbital overlap and covelent bond; hybridisation involving s,p, d orbitals only; coordinate covalent bond;ionic bond,hydrogen bond;orbital energy diagrams for diatomic species;polarity in molecules,dipole moment (qualitative aspect only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear,angular,planar,pyramidal,tetraherdal,octhedral and sqaure planar.)
Energetics:
First and Second law of thermodynamics;Internal energy; enthalpy, work and heat; heats of reaction,fusion and vaporisation,Hess's law; pressure - volume work.
Chemical equilibrium:
Chemical equilibria including phase equilibria,law of mass action, reaction quotient,equalibrium constant; relation between KP and KC; Le-Chatlier's principle and its applications;effect of concentration, temprature and pressure on equilibrium, solubility product, significance of G and G in chemical equilibrium, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis),hydrolysis of salts.
Electorchemistry:
Faraday's law of electrolysis;Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; standard electrode potential and electrochemical series;emf of a galvanic cell;Nernst equation and G.
Solutions, Raoults law;molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure ,elevation of boiling point deperession of freezing point.
Chemical kinetics:
Rates of chemical reactions; order of reaction; rate constant; effect of concentration and temprature; kinetics of first order reactions,Arrhenius equation.
Surface Chemistry :
Elementary concepts in adsorption (excluding adsorption sotherms ),colloids,emulsions,surfactants and micelles (definitions and examples only).
Nuclear Chemistry :
Radioactivity,properties of --,--and --rays,kinetic of radioactive decay (decay series excluded); stability of nuclie with respect to proton-neutron ratio.
Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals:
Silicon,nitrogen,phosphorus,oxygen,sulphur,fluorine ,chlorine,bromine and iodine.Properties of allotropes of carbon (graphite and diamond only),preparation and properties of ozone.
Preparation and properties of the following compounds:
Oxides,hydroxides,carbonates,bicarbonates,chlorides and sulphates of sodium,potassium,magnesium and calcium;alumina ,aluminium chloride and alums; hydrogen peroxide;Boron : diborane,boric acid and borax; carbon;oxides and carbides;Nitrogen : oxides and oxyacids,ammonia ,Phosphorus: oxides and oxyacids (meta - and orthophosphoric acids); sodium thiosulphate and hydrogen sulphide;Halogens : hydrohalic acids,oxyacids of chlorine ;bleaching powder; Fertilizers: commercially available (common) NPK type; Tin lead: Oxides and chlorides.Preparation and properties of XeF2,XeF4 and XeF6.Transition elements (only the first row, 3d series): Defnition,Werner's approach to coordination compounds,general characteristic properties [viz., vairable oxidation states, color (excluding the details of electronic transition)],calculation of spin-only magnetic moment,formation of complexes (stereochemistry excluded),nomenclature of simple coordination compounds,valence bond approach to define geometries of coordination compounds of linear,tetraherdal octaherdal and square planar geometries.
Preparation of qualitative analysis :
Group I to V excluding interfering radicals.
Ores and minerals :
Commercially important (common) ores of iron, copper, lead,magnesium and aluminium,tin, and silver.
Extractive metallurgy (chemical principles and reactions only; industrial details excluded ) :Carbon reduction method (iron,tin) ; self reduction method (copper and lead); electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium) ; cynaide process (silver,gold) .
Concepts of hybridisation of carbon,sigma and pibonds.Resonance.
Homologous series, structural and geometrical isomerism, optical isomerism of compounds containing one and two asymmetric centers only (R/S and E/Z nomenclature excluded), Keto-enol tautomerism.IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds; hydrocarbons, mono and bifunctional compounds. Determination of emperical and molecular formula of simple compounds (combustion method).
Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of acids and bases repectively.Hydrogen bonds and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides. Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and hetrolytic bond cleavage.Formation, structure,stability and reactive of alkyl carbocations and free radicals.
Physical properties of alkanes (mp,bp and density), combustion and halogenation of alkanes.Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz coupling and decarboxylation recation.Conformation of ethane.
Structure and physical properties, of alkenes and alkynes (bp,density,dipole moment), acidity of alkynes.Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination of reaction, Electrophilic addition reaction of alkenes with Br2, HBr,HOC1,and acid catalyzed hydration (Stereochemistry of addition and elimination excluded). Reaction of alkene with KMnO4 and Ozone.Reactions of alkeynes : Metal acetylides,reduction and hydration.
Benezene :
Structure and aromaticity, bromination, nitration sulfonation.Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation.Effect of o, m, p directing groups in mono substituted benzenes.
Characterstics reactions of the following:
Alcohol (esterification,dehydration and oxidation ).Reaction of alcohols with sodium,phosphorous halides, ZnCl2/Conc.HC.Akyl halides (nucleophilic substitution reactions, rearrangement of akyl carbocations ). Aldehydes and ketones (oxidation,reduction,oxime and hydrazone formation,Aldol condensation,perkin reaction,Cannizarro reaction,haloform and Grinard reaction only). Carboxylic acids (formation of esters acid chorides and amide).Phenol: Acidity of phenols,halogenation,nitration,sulfonation and Reimer-Tiemann reaction.Amines: Basicity of aniline and alipatic amine,Preparation from nitro compounds,reaction with nitrous acid, formation and reactions of diazonium salts, and its coupling with phenols,carbylamine reaction.Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in halorenes and substituted halorenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and cine substitution).
Carbohydrates :
Classification - mono,di and polysaccharides (glucose,surcose and starch only); hydrolysis of surcose.
Amino acids and peptides :
General structure and physical properties.
Properties and uses of some important polymers(natural rubber,Cellulose,Nylon,teflon,PVC).
