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             DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY            


The word astrology  derives from  'ASTROLOGIA'  in
Latin  and ancient Greek.  It is a compound of the
word 'ASTRON' meaning 'STAR'  and the word 'LOGOS'
meaning 'discourse.'

According to the standard dictionary definition it
is  "the study  professing to foretell  the future
and interpret the influence of the heavenly bodies
upon the destinies of men.  Originally regarded as
the practical  application of  astronomy  to human
needs."

Such common dictionary-views are far from adequate
in describing the complex meaning of this word. It
has many branches and thus many meanings.

DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY                          2


The narrow view of astrology portrayed merely as a
fortune-telling craft  may have applied  very well
several thousand years ago, but it is an injustice
to use it today.  Nowadays, it is a serious  study
that involves the understanding of human  behavior
more than the foretelling of events. This new view
is more commonly referred  to now  as  'Humanistic
Astrology,' a term invented by Dane Rudhyar.  How-
ever, the prediction-oriented form  is also in use
at a serious level  in mundane and financial areas
and at an entertaining level in sun-sign horoscope
columns available in newspapers.  Although,  it is
the  'changes' in human behavior that is predicted
now, and not the 'events' in one's life.



DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY                          3


Astrology has been practiced in many ways over the
centuries and still is. In the beginning, the idea
was very simple, the Sun and Moon were believed to
be the only major influences on human affairs.

Eventually, more celestial items  were added, such
as planets, zodiac signs,  bright stars, asteroids
and  countless  astronomical factors.  But all are
linked  directly to the heavens and fall under the
general term "cosmic influences." So, in a general
sense, we can say that:

 "ASTROLOGY IS THE STUDY OF COSMIC INFLUENCES ON
                 HUMAN BEHAVIOR."



DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY                          4


Each astrologer, of course, will have his or her
own favorite definition. Here are some examples:



     "Astrology is the study of cycles.
      Astrology is a system of thought.
      It is a symbolic language which has
      structure, order and form."

                               Alan Oken,
                               Complete Astrology
                               Bantam, NY, 1988




DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY                          5


  "Astrology is the science of the relationships
   which bind all the parts of the universe
   into one organic whole.

   It is the art of interpreting the effects
   of these relationships upon the behavior
   of individuals and groups, or any entity
   whose origins can be traced to a point
   in time and space."

                    Marcia Moore & Mark Douglas,
                    Astrology, the Divine Science,
                    Arcane Publications,
                    York Harbor, Maine, 1976



DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY                          6


"To define astrology is as difficult a task as to
define, let us say, philosophy, psychology, or
even medicine. Not only are there many schools or
systems of philosophy, psychology and medicine,
but a definition which would fit the respective
purposes of those various systems and be
acceptable to all is well-nigh impossible.

"Astrology was, as far as we know, man's original
attempt to formulate the order of the universe
and to draw from it a sense of relative security."

                        Dane Rudhyar
                        Person-centered Astrology
                        CSA Press, 1976


DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY                          7



  "Astrology is an important key to psychological
   and spiritual insights which may be less
   obtainable in other systems of knowledge.

   Its immediacy lies in the fact that it deals
   with time and space as described by the cyclic
   motions of the Sun, Moon and planets of this
   solar system. Astrology is the study of those
   cycles and patterns as they affect man."

                          Landis Knight Green
                          The Astrologer's Manual
                          Arco Publishing, 1988



DEFINITION OF ASTROLOGY                          8


 "Modern astrology might be defined as the study
  of the movements of the Sun, Moon and planets
  in relation to events on Earth, especially
  human personality and behavior; or, conversely,
  as the study of human affairs in relation to
  their cosmic environment. The central assumption
  of astrology is that the positions of the Sun,
  Moon and planets at the birth of an individual
  or the beginning of an enterprise or any event
  are related in a significant manner to the
  intrinsic character and later development of
  that individual, enterprise or event."

               Larousse Encyclopedia of Astrology,
               New American Library, 1982


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               ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY              


Markings on Ice Age bones suggest that humans were
aware of lunar cycles  as far back as 30,000 years
ago, according to Julia Parker.

MOON CYCLES RECORDED IN PALEOLITHIC PERIOD
-
In The Lure of the Heavens, Donald Papon, wrote:

"Some 25,000 years ago or so, man was observing
and reporting the cycles of the moon. Alexander
Marshack, writing in the November 6, 1964 issue of
Science, thought that the nicks cut in reindeer
bones and in mammoth ivory during the upper
Paleolithic period represent notations of lunar
sequences."

ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY                              2


ASTROLOGY IN MESOPOTAMIA: 4000 B.C.

Astrology originated in Mesopotamia.  This ancient
part of the world was located on the plain between
the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (currently Iraq).

THE ZIGGURATS: FIRST ASTROLOGICAL OBSERVATORIES

In her Encyclopedia  of Astrology,  Sandra Shulman
reiterates what  astrology-historians  have found,
"the earliest civilization  to leave its indelible
prints on Mesopotamia  was that of  the Sumerians,
who settled there  around 4000 B.C..  The most un-
usual feature  of their cities  was the  ziggurat.
Its flat summit was used by the priests for study-
the night skies."

ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY                              3


The Sumerians left behind  an extensive library of
cuneiform tablets  which provide us  with detailed
records of their astrological knowledge.

AKKADIANS RECORDED LUNAR ECLIPSES IN 2350 B.C.

The tablets of Sargon of Akkad dating from 2350 BC
confirm that the astrologer-priests had identified
omens of solar eclipses.  Curiously, they recorded
more information  about lunar eclipses.  They must
have regarded these events  with great respect  as
their calculations were accurate to within minutes
of a degree.  -- (from Astrology, History, Symbols
and Signs  by Solange de Mailly Nesle)



ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY                              4


AKKADIANS WORSHIP SUN, MOON AND VENUS

The Akkadians conquered Sumeria  in 2350 B.C.. and
translated  the Sumerian astrological records into
their own writings.  They worshipped the Sun, Moon
and Venus, but used all the planets up to Saturn.

THE NAMMAN-BEL: 2300 B.C.-

Sargon had summarized all the astrological records
of his era into  seventy tablets.  His heirs added
their findings to this data base and this compila-
tion came to be known as the Namman-Bel. According
to Seneca, Berosus apparently translated this work
for the Greeks.             


ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY                              5


ASTROLOGY IN BABYLON: 2000 B.C.- 600 B.C.

By 2000 B.C.,  Sumeria was replaced  by Babylonia.

The Babylonian astrologers raised astrology to yet
further heights  with the invention  of the zodiac
and accurate astronomical calculations.  This fact
is found  not in  astrological texts,  but in  the
Time Tables of History (Simon & Shuster - 1982).

The Babylonians  were comprised  of many different
peoples that conquered one another  in the Tigris-
Euphrates valley.  They  were  descendants  of the
Akkadians  and  mixtures  of  Hittites,  Elamites,
Amorites,  Kassites,  Seleucids,  Assyrians, Chal-
deans, Scythians and Persians.

ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY                              6


The Random House  Encyclopedia  states that  early
Babylonian astrology was not directly personal. It
dealt with grand-scale events such as wars, floods
and affairs of the state. Eclipses were heeded the
most, particularly as they affected the King.

The Encyclopedia Britannica (ed.1953)  states that
the Babylonian priests  created an advanced system
of astrological interpretation  which involved not
only the five planets, Mercury to Saturn,  but the
more prominent fixed stars along the ecliptic. The
system also involved  the angular relationships of
these  7 heavenly bodies  and all kinds of unusual
cosmic events.  The theory of the ecliptic divided
into  12  30-degree sections  or zodiac signs  was
completed by 540 BC.

ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY                              7


ASTROLOGY SPREADS TO EGYPT AND GREECE: 600 BC-

In  A History of Astrology,  Julia Parker  writes:
 "From Babylonia, the Chaldeans carried astrology
 into Egypt and more importantly into Greece."

According to her knowledge,  the ancient Egyptians
never developed  an advanced  system of  astrology
involving case studies, statistics and vast tables
of factors and interpretations, as the Babylonians
did.

In Greece, astrology reached the classic look that
we are familiar with.  It finally became personal.
It also acquired  most of the details  that we see
in today's traditional horoscope.

ORIGIN OF ASTROLOGY                              8


ASTROLOGY BEYOND GREECE: 0 A.D. - PRESENT

From Greece, astrology spread westward to Rome and
eastward to India under Alexander the Great.  Then
it was  taken up  by the Arabs  after declining in
Europe due to the suppression by the Church.

Astrology  reappeared again  in Europe  during the
Renaissance when scholars began to investigate old
manuscripts and ancient knowledge, especially that
of the Greeks.  Since then,  astrology has had its
ups and downs, but has continued  to evolve  until
the present.  Many ancient beliefs  are falling by
the wayside,  as computers  and rational empirical
methods  of research  are redefining  and refining
the mother of all sciences.

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         TIMETABLE: 30000 BC TO 1900 AD         


30000 BC Beginning of Cro-Magnon culture.
         Marks are made in reindeer bones to
         possibly record lunar cycles.

4242 BC  Earliest recorded date in history.
         (in ancient Egypt). Egyptian calendar
         which is regulated by Sun and Moon
         has 360 days with 12 months of 30 days.

4000 BC  Astrology begins in Mesopotamia.
         Sumerians build ziggurats, the first
         astrological observatories. The Sun,
         Moon and 5 visible planets are used.
         Astrological knowledge is recorded in
         cuneiform on clay tablets.

3761 BC  First day of Jewish calendar (according
         to Jewish sources).

3500 BC  Systematic astronomical observations in
         Mesopotamia, Egypt and China. Sumerian
         numerical system is based on 6 and 12.

3000 BC  Egypt refines calendar to 365 days.

2700 BC  The Great Pyramid of Khufu is built
         in accordance with astronomical factors.

2350 BC  Akkadians record solar & lunar eclipses
         according to tablets of Sargon of Akkad.
         Sargon summarizes astrological records
         of his era into 70 tablets.  His heirs
         add their findings to this data base and
         call it the Namman-Bel.

2000 BC  Sumeria is replaced by Babylonia.
         Babylonian astrologers introduce
         zodiac signs and devise more accurate
         astronomical calculations.

1250 BC  Rameses II fixes 4 cardinal points using
         Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn.

1200 BC  Babylonian Boundary stones contain much
         astrological imagery

 700 BC  Babylonian priests create ecliptic
         divided into 12 30-degree sections
         or zodiac divisions (Mul.APIN).

 670 BC  King Assurbanipal of Assyria expands
         astrological library in Ninevah.

 600 BC  Babylonian astrology spreads to Egypt
         Greece and other parts of Middle East.

 535 BC  Pythagoras sets up esoteric colony near
         Crotona in southern Italy where scholars
         learn about numerology, astrology and the
         occult arts, which Pythagoras learned
         during his 20 years of travels in Babylon
         and Egypt.

 475 BC  Empedocles of Agrigentum introduces the
         4 elements, Fire, Earth, Air and Water,
         into astrology, as the 4-fold root of all
         things. He discovered the idea that
         nothing can be destroyed (or created)
         only transformed.

 420 BC  Democritus popularizes astrology for all.
         Xeno founder of the Stoics, gives zodiac
         signs Greek names.

 409 BC  Date of oldest Babylonian horoscope.

 380 BC  Babylonians begin to use 19 year cycle.

 370 BC  Eudoxus of Cnidus devises calendars
         using zodiac with 12 equal zodiac signs.
         Invents geometrical theory of proportion.

 350 BC  Petosiris, chief administrator of the
         Temple of Khumunu (Hermes) near
         Hermopolis becomes known for mastering
         Egyptian esoteric astrology.

 330 BC  Alexander the Great (356-323 BC)
         helps to spread astrology from Babylon
         and Egypt throughout the Middle East.
         Greek Philosophers exposed to new
         occult ideas from Egypt and Babylon.
         Astrology is personalized in Greece.
         Alexander founds Library of Alexandria.

 300 BC  Greek model of Astrology reaches India.

 290 BC  Alexandria in Egypt becomes center
         of astrological research. Eratosthenes,
         Arristyllus and Timocharis are its
         leading astrologers.

 280 BC  Berosus, a Chaldean astrologer and priest
         of Bel Marduk at Babylon moves to Greek
         island of Cos where he sets up school of
         astrology for Greek astrologers. Berosus
         writes The Babylonica, an enormous work
         about the history of astrology and life
         in Babylonia. He writes The Eye of Bel,
         based on the 70 tablets in the library of
         Assurbanipal, and uses it as text to
         teach Greek astrologers.

 275 BC  The famous poem Phainomena written by
         Aratus in 275 BC further popularizes
         astrology and becomes common reading
         material for generations of Greeks.

 250 BC  Antipatrus and Achinapolus continue
         the work of Berosus at Cos and teach
         medical astrology. They are the first
         astrologers to experiment with the
         moment of conception rather than birth
         for the casting of a horoscope.

 220 BC  First known picture of zodiac in Egypt
         is created north of Esna.

 200 BC  Predictive astrology spreads to Rome.

 150 BC  Esoteric form of astrology based on the
         teachings of Hermes or Thoth circulates
         in numerous works under such titles as:
         Astrologoumena, Hermaikai Diataxeis or
         Doctrines of Hermes, Apokotastasis,
         Liber Hermetis, Asklepios.

135 BC  Posidonius brings astrology to Roman
        intellectuals.

130 BC  Greek astronomer Hipparchus is credited
        for the discovering the precession of the
        equinoxes which was already known
        in Babylonia centuries earlier.

100 BC  Essenes develop Qabbalah and esoteric
        astrology.

 60 BC  Nigidius Figulus starts first school of
        astrology in Rome and publishes books on
        astrological prediction. The Georgics of
        Virgil constitute astrological almanacs.

 20 BC  Roman Emperor Augustus has coins stamped
        with his sign Capricorn.

7-4 BC  Three Wise Men or Magi from the East
        (astrologers from Chaldea or Persia)
        predict birth of Messiah (Jesus Christ)
        according to Gospels of New Testament.

 17 AD  Egyptian zodiac at Denderah is erected.

 50 AD  Astrology has prominent role in Roman
        literature such as in The Tragedies
        of Seneca and Thyestes. Fourth Roman
        Emperor Claudius becomes versed in
        astrology. In his reign, Rome is caught
        up in a frenzy of astrology.

117 AD  Roman Emperor Hadrian, also an astrologer,
        casts his own horoscope and consults it
        regularly.

150 AD  Ptolemy writes The Tetrabiblos, the most
        comprehensive work on astrology to date.
        Already aware of the precession of the
        equinoxes, Ptolemy cautions astrologers
        to use the tropical spring equinox as
        the start of the first zodiac sign. Other
        astrologers such as Hephaestion of Thebes
        and Julius Firmicus use it as seminal
        work.

188 AD  Vettius Valens of Antioch, well-known
        astrologer amasses fine library of
        horoscopes and analyzes 100 in his
        Anthologiae.

222 AD  Alexander Serverus sets up teaching
        posts in astrology which are subsidized
        by the imperial budget.

250 AD  Plotinus declares that astrology indicates
        a possible future but does not shape it.

400 AD  Library of Alexandria is destroyed with
        loss of many astrology texts.

450 AD  Proclus writes paraphrase of Ptolemy's
        Tetrabiblos.

476 AD  Astrology declines in Europe with the
        Fall of the Roman Empire.

500 AD  Rhetorius introduces triplicities of
        elements into the zodiac.

600 AD  Church condemns astrology and attempts
        to suppress it in the following centuries.

650 AD  In the Etymolgiae of Isodore, Bishop of
        Seville, it is mentioned that astronomy
        and astrology were complementary arts
        in antiquity.

700 AD  Monks in monasteries learn about astrology
        in Classical literature, and investigate
        it in secret.

750 AD  Muslim astrologers Masha'allah, al-Kindi,
        Abu Ma'shar revive the astrology of
        Hellenistic Greece, based on Ptolemy's
        Tetrabiblos and works of Firmicus.
        Ibrahim Al-Fazari invents astrolabe.
        Accuracy of Ptolemy's work is enhanced
        with Arabic numerals and zero. Stars
        are identified and observatories built.

850 AD  Well-known Arabic astrology texts appear
        such as Treatises of Albategnus and
        The Flowers of Astrology by Albumazar.
        Harun-al-Rashid builds observatory in
        Baghdad and sets up renowned school for
        astrology in Cairo, Egypt.

900 AD  Son of Harun-al-Rashid, Caliph Al-Mamun
        establishes House of Wisdom were the
        Tetrabiblos was translated and used as
        basis for further astrological study.

950 AD  Ibn Unis, Muslim astronomer compiles
        Hakimite tables of planetary motions.

1000    Firdausi, Abul-Qasim Mansur, great
        Persian poet writes Shah-Namah which
        contains many astrological references.

1000-99  Astrology flourishes in Byzantium through
         Psellus, Caerularius and Xiphilin.

12th     University of Bologna becomes center for
Century  medical astrology. Tetrabiblos is trans-
AD       lated by Plato of Tivoli. Adelard of Bath
         (England) brings astrology to Europe.
         Sacrabosco writes Sphaera Mundi, early
         English textbook of spherical astrology.

1250 AD  Albertus Magnus recommends Tetrabiblos.
         Roger Bacon links ancient magic and
         astrology in Speculum Astronomiae. Guidi
         Bonati is famous astrologer of his time.
         Thomas Aquinas accepts philosophical
         aspect of astrology. Emperor Frederick II
         uses astrologer Michael Scot. Astrology
         is taught at Cambridge University.

1280  Johannes Campanus devises new method of
      house division and serves Pope Urban IV.

1327  Cecco D'Ascoli, astrology teacher and
      astrologer to Duke of Florence is burned at
      the stake for his teaching that Christ's
      story was astrological.

1375  Chaucer, first great English poet uses
      astrological references.

1400  Book of Hours, rich in astrological
      illustrations, appears in France and is
      dedicated to royalty and aristocracy.
      This book attracts wealthy to astrology.
      The most famous version is the Tres Riches
      Heures by the Limburgs.

1431  The Amicus Medicorum, by Jean Ganivet, is
      standard reference used by doctors for next
      two centuries to diagnose and cure illness
      with astrology.

1437  At the University of Paris ideal times for
      bloodletting are selected on astrological
      basis.

1450  Charles 5th of France is also astrologer.
      Pope Sixtus IV, first of the great Pope-
      astrologers. Writings of Oresme, Peter
      D'Ailly, Jean Gerson show that astrology
      is valid and part of science.

1474  The first ephemeris ad XXXII Annos
      Futuros by Regiomontanus (Johann Muller)
      is printed in Nuremberg, 2nd in Venice.

1475  Famous Lorenzo Medici uses astrologers.

1400- Invention of printing (1455 by Gutenberg)
1499  allows astrological records and writings
      stored in monasteries, libraries or royal
      palaces to be mass-reproduced and dis-
      tributed throughout Europe. Astrology is
      taught in many universities. Ideal
      astrological times are selected for specific
      ventures. Astrologers serve in royal palaces
      of France, England, Italy, Austria.
      Astrologer Luc Gauric serves Popes Julius
      II, Leo X, Clement VII and Paul III. Under
      Leo X, Vatican promotes research and
      instruction in astrology. Astrological
      themes appear in stained-glass windows of
      cathedrals, in facades of public buildings,
      frescos, art.

1500  Leonardo da Vinci draws illustrations
      associating astrological symbols with parts
      of the body and terrestrial life in Zodiac-
      Man and Sphaera manuscripts. Boticelli
      paints famous 'Venus and Mars.'

1508  Luca Gaurico, author of Tractatus
      Astrologicus publishes Oratio de Inven-
      toribus et Astrologiae Laudibus in which he
      defends judicial astrology.

1510  Lucrezia Borgia explores astrological
      philosophies with astrologers and her father
      Pope Alexander VI.

1520  German artist Beham produces engravings
      showing functions of planets.

1530  Swiss physician Paracelsus uses astrology
      to understand the human mind or psyche.

1543  Copernicus presents theory that Earth
      revolves around Sun, which is placed on the
      Papal Index of forbidden books until 1835!

1545  At Council of Trent, the Church condemns
      judicial astrology.

1550  Catherine de Medici consults astrologers
      Gauric, Ruggieri and Nostradamus.

1552  Martin Luther supports astrology by writing
      preface to work by prominent astrologer
      Johannes Lichtenberger.

1555  Nostradamus gains fame in Europe. His
      famous prophetic work 'Seven Centuries' is
      published in 1555. He works in Henry II's
      court and publishes almanacs.

1560  Girolamo Cardano, physician, philosopher,
      mathematical genius and astrologer. He
      writes commentary on Tetrabiblos.

1570  John Dee is astrologer for Queen Elizabeth I
      and helps to arrange Gregorian calendar
      (1583) and dabbles in alchemy and magic.

1574  Tycho Brahe, famous astronomer known for
      discoveries in observational astronomy.
      Dislikes frivolous astrologers. He draws up
      charts for Danish royal family and in 1585
      compiles accurate star catalogue.

1600- Shakespeare helps to popularize astrology
1699  for centuries by inserting astrological
      references in almost all his plays. Tommaso
      Campanella writes six books on astrology in
      accordance with the teachings of Church
      Theologians. Francis Bacon attacks personal
      astrology but still accepts divinatory
      astrology on masses of people. Richard
      Burton looks into the astrology of mental
      illness.

1610  Kepler establishes facts that planets move
      in elliptical orbits around Sun. Discovers
      three famous laws of planetary motion which
      bear his name. Kepler is also astrologer-
      mystic. He links planet orbit spheres with
      geometric solids, and writes 'Music of the
      Spheres.'

1613  Galileo denounced for his Letters on Sun-
      spots. In 1632 is condemned by Church for
      his heliocentric view of solar system. He
      dabbles in some astrology.

1640  Morin de Villefranche is regarded as most
      noted astrologer of his time and serves as
      adviser to Cardinal Richelieu and to
      Cardinal Mazarin.

1645  Nicolas Culpepper practices medicine using
      herbal astrology and publishes many books.

1650  William Lilly writes Christian Astrology
      which becomes reference for subsequent
      astrologers. Publishes prophetic Almanac in
      1644. Predicts Great Plague of London in
      1665 and Great Fire of London in 1666.

1650  Elias Ashmole inherits W. Lilly's library
      and publishes Lilly's works. He is historian
      and diary-writer and steward of astrological
      society in London.

1650  Placidus de Tito devises house system.

1662  Collectio Geniturarum, a collection of
      150 horoscopes, compiled by John Gadbury.

1666  Astrology is banished from French Academy of
      Science. Great Fire of London (capital of
      world's superpower at the time) burns to the
      ground, as predicted by Lilly.

1687  Sir Issac Newton presents universal law of
      gravity in Principia Mathematica. He invents
      calculus and studies astrology.

1690  The Chapter of Perfection, an esoteric
      astrological community, in Germantown,
      Pennsylvania, is led by John Kelpius. Its
      astrologers help to upgrade the almanac pub-
      lished by Daniel Leeds. It practices occult
      arts based on the principles of European
      Rosicrucians and Freemasons, and is the
      offspring of a secret order in London, the
      Masonic Rite of Perfection, which involved
      John Jacob Zimmerman and Jane (Ward) Lead,
      former members of the Philadelphians, a
      mystic cult inspired by Jakob Boehme in
      Germany.

1698  Johann Seelig, member of the Chapter of
      Perfection, is commissioned to find the best
      astrological time for building the Swedish
      Lutheran Church at Wisaco.

1700- John Partridge and Henry Season are major
1799  British astrologers. Almanacs with many
      astrological sections are published. In
      America, Yale and Harvard Universities
      cautiously accept astrology. American
      astrologers such as Joseph Satfford of Rhode
      Island, Nathaniel Low of Boston, John Tobler
      of Carolina provide advice to merchants and
      common people. Much of the astrology is done
      secretly in Masonic Lodges in Britain and
      America.

1712  The Husbandman's Guide provides astrological
      advice for farmers.

1733  Benjamin Franklin publishes astrological
      Almanac 'Poor Richard's Almanack' under
      alias R. Saunders.

1770  Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and
      George Washington are influenced by
      astrology and Egyptian-Alexandrian occult
      ideas supplied by esoteric astrologers in
      Germantown, Pennsylvania. Christopher Witt,
      the esoteric community's magister is a
      physician and astrologer. Much of the
      concern is to select the best times, ideas,
      designs of seals and monuments, to initiate
      activities that would lead to the creation 
      of a nation powerful enough to withstand the
      attempts of Britain, the world superpower,
      to regain its prized colonies. Egyptian
      magic is evident.

1781  7th planet from Sun, Uranus, is discovered
      by William Herschel.

1784  Ebenezer Sibly compiles a voluminous
      illustrated book on astrology, A New and
      Complete Illustration of the Celestial
      Science of Astrology.

1801  The Magus, written by Francis Barrett, is
      synthesis of astrological-magical lore.

1816  A Complete Dictionary of Astrology by James
      Wilson is published. For the first time a
      book provides all the basic information for
      anyone to construct and interpret charts.
      This marks a new era in astrology.

1824  Raphael introduces a periodical with weekly
      predictions on love, finance and travel, the
      first of its kind.

1825  Robert C. Smith, known as Raphael, writes
      Manual of Astrology, compiles ephemeris
      (still currently in use), and launches first
      successful astrological publishing house.

1831  The Herald of Astrology by Zadkiel (alias
      for Richard James Morrison) is the first
      work that is produced in editions of tens
      of thousands of copies, which indicates the
      mass interest in astrology. Alfred J. Pierce
      continued Morrison's work under the same
      pseudonym.

1839  The Vox Stellarum is the most popular
      almanac in Britain because of its
      predictions.

1844  The British Association for Astral Science
      is formed.

1846  Neptune is discovered by Leverrier.

1860  The History of Magic by Eliphas Levi
      (Alphonse Louis Constant) sums up much of
      the sort of astrology favored in his time.
      In 1861 he writes The Key of the Mysteries.

1862  Frances Rolleston publishes Mazzaroth
      (Hebrew for "Zodiac") in which she explains
      zodiacal references in the Bible.

1865  Mark and Luke Broughton publishes many
      astrological journals in America. Luke
      teaches thousands of astrologers.

1875  Helena Blavatsky forms Theosophical Society
      in New York, which spurs the evolution of
      spiritual astrology.

1880  Richard Garnett writes The Soul and the
      Stars in the University Magazine in which he
      attacks astrologers of the time for using
      too much cabbala and magic rather than using
      astrology as a science.

1889  The Order of the Magi is formed in Chicago
      by Olney H. Richmond. The order involves
      Christian occult astrology.

1890  William Henry Chaney publishes Primer of
      Astrology and American Urania. Taught by
      Luke Broughton, Chaney spends 40 years
      teaching astrology.

1890  Sepharial (Walter Gorn Old), a well-known
      English astrologer, specializes in occult
      astrology and joins Blavatsky's inner circle
      of the Theosophical Society. He has know-
      ledge of Cabbala, Coptic, Assyrian, Sanskrit
      and Chinese languages. Eventually, Sepharial
      abandons interest in the esoteric aspect of
      astrology and practices the practical form.

      Alan Leo (William Frederick Allen) publishes
      the Astrological Magazine. It is financed by
      Aphorel (F.W.Lacey) a member of the Theo-
      sophical Society and is very popular and
      profitable. Leo becomes official astrologer
      for the Society. He defines astrology within
      a divine, karmic and spiritual framework.

1890  Alan Leo sets up a chart business and hires
      a staff of astrologers.

1892  Karl Anderson writes and publishes his
      Astrology of the Old Testament, a large text
      with more insights into astrological con-
      cepts and references in the Bible than
      previously disclosed by astrologers. Much of
      it deals with Christian-Egyptian-Hebrew-
      Sanskrit numerology, symbols, and ideas used
      by Freemasons and Rosicrucians.

1895  Karl Brandler Pracht forms astrological
      society and the Astrologische Rundshau, the
      most prominent astrological journal in
      Germany. This renewal of astrology in
      Germany was mostly the result of Helena
      Blavatsky's influence.

1895  Alan Leo renames Astrological Magazine to
      Modern Astrology.

1896  Alan Leo forms The Astrological Society

1897  Old Moore's Almanac sells 500,000 copies.

1898  New Manual of Astrology by Sepharial. Joseph
      G. Dalton publishes the American Ephemeris.
      Dalton is involved in the astrological
      establishment of Boston. Luke Broughton
      publishes Elements of Astrology.

1899  Evangeline Adams takes up residence in a
      fashionable hotel in New York and does
      astrological charts for the rich and
      powerful for the next years. She becomes
      famous for her accurate predictions.
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         Copyright (c) 1995-1998 R.Logush

