| Table 1 |
| Roman Emperors and Usurpers |
| 235 A.D. - 285 A.D. |
| Roman Emperors |
| Ruler |
| Title |
| Caesar |
| Augustus |
| Cause of Death |
| Maximinus |
| Emperor |
| 235-238 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Gordian I |
| Co-Emperor w/Gordian II |
| 238 |
| Committed suicide |
| Gordian II |
| Co-Emperor w/Gordian I |
| 238 |
| Killed in battle |
| Balbinus |
| Co-Emperor w/Pupienus |
| 238 |
| Murdered by Praetorian Guard |
| Pupienus |
| Co-Emperor w/Balbinus |
| 238 |
| Murdered by Praetorian Guard |
| Gordian III |
| Emperor |
| 238 |
| 238-244 |
| Murdered by own soldiers (1) |
| Philip I |
| Emperor |
| 244-249 |
| Killed in battle |
| Philip II |
| Emperor |
| 244-247 |
| 247-249 |
| Murdered by Praetorian Guard |
| Trajan Decius |
| Emperor |
| 249-251 |
| Killed in battle |
| Herennius Etruscus |
| Co- Emperor w/Treb Decius (251) |
| 250-251 |
| 251 |
| Killed in battle |
| Hostilian |
| Emperor |
| 250-251 |
| 251 |
| Died of the plague |
| Trebonianus Gallus |
| Co-Emperor w/Hostilian (251) |
| Co-Emperorw/Volusian (251-253) |
| 251-253 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Volusian |
| Co-Emperor w/Trebonianus Gallus |
| 251 |
| 251-253 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Aemilian |
| Emperor |
| 253 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Valerian I |
| Co-Emperor w/Gallienus (253-260) |
| 253-260 |
| Captured by Shapur, Persian King |
| Gallienus |
| Co-Emperor w/Valerian I (253-260) |
| Emperor, sole reign (260-268) |
| 253-268 |
| Murdered in a coup |
| Saloninus |
| Emperor |
| 258-260 |
| 260 |
| Executed by Postumus |
| Claudius II Gothicus |
| Emperor |
| 268-270 |
| Died of the plague |
| Quintillus |
| Emperor |
| 270 |
| Committed suicide |
| Aurelian |
| Emperor |
| 270-275 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Tacticus |
| Emperor |
| 275-276 |
| Died of natural causes |
| Florian |
| Emperor |
| 276 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Probus |
| Emperor |
| 276-282 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Carus |
| Emperor |
| 282-283 |
| Killed by lightning (3) |
| Numerian |
| Co-Emperor w/Carinus |
| 282-283 |
| 283-284 |
| Death by unknown causes (4) |
| Carinus |
| Co-Emperor w/Numerian� (283-284) |
| Emperor, sole reign 285 |
| 282-283 |
| 283-285 |
| Murdered by own officer (5) |
| (1) Some reports have Gordian III dying in battle against the Persians. Others that he died of illness. |
| (2) The only emperor captured by enemy soldiers.� His exact fate is unknown. He reportedly was murdered�and stuffed as a trophy |
| (3) By some accords, Carus was killed at the instigation of the Praetorian Prefect, Aper. |
| (4) Diocletian accused the Praetorian Prefect, Aper, of foul play in the death and executed him. |
| (5) Carinus was reportedly murdered by one of his officers, whose wife he had seduced |
| Usurpers |
| Usurper |
| Region of Control |
| Ruled |
| Cause of Death |
| Pacatian |
| Usurper in Upper Moesia |
| 248 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Jotapian |
| Usurper in Syria and Cappadocia |
| 248 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Silbannacus |
| Usurper in Gaul? |
| 248-249 |
| Unknown (1) |
| Uranius Antoninus |
| Usurper in Gaul |
| 253-254 |
| Unknown (2) |
| Regalianus |
| Usurper in Pannania |
| 260 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Macrianus |
| Co-Usurper in the East w/Quietus |
| 260-261 |
| Killed in battle |
| Quietus |
| Co-Usurper in the East w/Macrianus |
| 260-261 |
| Executed by citizens of Emesa |
| Aureolus |
| Rebel in Milan |
| 267-268 |
| Executed by Claudius Gothicus |
| Saturninus |
| Usurper in Syria |
| 280 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Julian |
| Usurper in Pannonia |
| 284 |
| Killed in battle |
| (1) Silbannacus is known only through the find of one coin now housed at the British Museum |
| (2) It is unclear whether Uranius Antoninus abdicated in the face of the army of Valerian I or was forcibly removed. |
| Secessionist Empires |
| Ruler |
| Empire |
| Ruled |
| Cause of Death |
| Postumus |
| Gallic Secessionist Empire |
| 260-269 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Laelianus |
| Usurper of the Gallic Secessionist Empire |
| 269 |
| Likely killed in battle |
| Marius |
| Gallic Secessionist Empire |
| 269 |
| Murdered by own soldiers |
| Victorinus |
| Gallic Secessionist Empire |
| 271 |
| Murdered by jealous husband |
| Tetricus I |
| Gallic Secessionist Empire |
| 271-274 |
| Abdicated to Aurelian. Died of natural causes |
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| Gallic Secessionist Empire |
| Tetricus I |
| Unknown (1) |
| (1) Noted through two coins. The first found in 1900 in France has been widely debated as to its authenticity. A second coin found near Oxford in 2003 seems to confirm the existance of this emperor of reportedly 4 days. Both coins carry the reverse CONCORDIA MILIT. |
| 26-271 |