Study Guide—EXAM 2

 

Living Organisms:

v     What the Linnaean Hierarchy is

v     The correct order of the hierarchy from Kingdom to Species (study help: King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda)

v     The 3 Domains and their general characteristics (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya)

v     The 4 Kingdoms of Eukarya and the general characteristics of each

 

Protista:

v     Definitions: cilia, flagella, pseudopodia, chloroplasts, pyrenoid, eyespot, cytosome, cytopyge, pellicle, test, trichocyst, toxicyst, protist colony, conjugation, isogamy, oogamy

v     The defining traits of protists and how these are generally true, but with exceptions (Protista is a catch-all group of any organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus)

v     The 3 groups of protists

v     The typical method of reproduction in protists and the difference between binary fission, budding, and multiple fission

v     The 3 types of life cycles we discussed; be able to ID the cycle if given an image; know which is the diploid versus haploid stage in each cycle

v     The 6 major phyla of photoautotrophs and how they differ; also be able to place the appropriate organism within the correct phylum; Ex: “To which phylum does Euglena belong?”  Answer: Euglenophyta

v     Know that Oomycota represents the fungus-like protists and know which type of organisms belong to this group.

v     The 6 major phyla of animal-like protists and how they differ; be able to place the appropriate organism within the correct phylum

 

Plantae:

v     Definitions: sporophyte, spore, sporangium, gametophyte, antheridium, archegonium, gemmae cups, rhizoid, xylem, phloem, flower, fruit, double fertilization, cotyledon, evergreen, deciduous

v     The defining traits of plants and how they are different from protists

v     Know when gametophytes versus sporophytes are the dominant generations in the plant groupings

v     The four major groupings of plants and the characteristics of each group

v     The difference in reproductive strategies among the four major groupings of plants

v     The 3 types of nonvascular plants (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) and how they differ; be able to place Sphagnum and Marchantia in correct grouping

v     The 4 types of seedless vascular plants (whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and true ferns); know how they differ and be able to place Lycopodium, and Equisetum into proper grouping.

v     The 4 types of gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes); know how they differ and be able to place pine, coontie, Gingko biloba, and Ephedra into proper grouping

v     The differences between monocots and dicots

 

Fungi:

v     Definitions: hyphae, mycelium, heterokaryotic, lichen, mycorrhizae

v     The defining traits of fungi and how they differ from plants

v     The reproductive strategies of fungi (asexual and sexual)

v     The 5 groups of fungi and their characteristics; be able to place Black bread mold, Pilobolus, Brewer’s yeast, Candidaalbicans, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Tinea, Ergot, Button mushroom, Destroying angel, Magic mushroom, Smuts, and Rusts into proper groups and know characteristics of each organism