# Participle Clauses:

 

1. Two actions happens in the same time:

e.g. He walked down the road while he was thinking about his problems.

=     He walked down the road thinking about his problems.

 

2. In reason sentences:

e.g. Because Ahmed drove fast, he arrived early.

= Driving fast , Ahmed arrived early.

 

 

 

 

 

.we use perfect participle ( having+ p.p.)when one action happens after the other .

e.g. After she had done her shopping , she went home.

= Having done her shopping, she went home.

 

4. we use (Base Form +ing) after some linking words such as ; while, since, before, …

e.g. He wrote his book while working in a library.

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Q. complete………

After Rana had had tea , she typed the letter.

Having ………………………………………….