• The C programming language was designed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s.Traditionally it is used for systems programming, though this may be changing in favor of C++.
– C++ extends C to include support for Object Oriented Programming and other features that facilitate large software development projects.C is not strictly a subset of C++, but it is possible to write “Clean C” that conforms to both the C++ and C standards.
- A C++ development environment includes:
- System libraries and headers: a set of standard libraries and their header files. For example see /usr/include and glibc.
- Application Source: application source and header files
- Compiler: converts source to object code for a specific platform
- Variables, Types and Expressions
- Functions and Procedural Abstraction
- Files and Streams
- Branch and Loop Statements
- Arrays and Strings
- Variables, Types and Expressions
- Functions and Procedural Abstraction
C++ supports a large number of data types. The built in or basic data types supported by C++ are integer, floating point and character. C++ also provides the data type bool for variables that can hold only the values True and false. more
A natural way to solve large problems is to break them down into a series of sub-problems, which can be solved more-or-less independently and then combined to arrive at a complete solution. In programming, this methodology reflects itself in the use of sub-programs, and in C++ all sub-programs are called functions.more
- Files and Streams
- Branch and Loop Statements
- Arrays and Strings
File I/O in C++ works very similarly to normal I/O . There are 3 basic file I/O classes in C++: istream , ofstream , and fstream). These classes do file input, output, and input/output respectively. To use the file I/O classes, you will need to include the fstream.h header.more
The simplest form of flow control in C++ is the branch statement. This instruction allows the program to decide which of two paths to take through C++ instructions, based on the results of a logical expression.
The use of arrays permits us to set aside a group of memory locations (i.e. a group of variables) that we can then manipulate as a single entity, but that at the same time gives us direct access to any individual component.more
The following program prompts the user for the number of hours that each employee has worked. It is more natural to number employees from 1 to 6 than from 0 to 5, but it is important to remember that array indexes always start from 0. Hence the program subtracts 1 from each employee number to obtain the corresponding array index.
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#include
using namespace std;
const int NO_OF_EMPLOYEES = 6;
typedef int Hours_array[NO_OF_EMPLOYEES];
int main()
{ Hours_array hours;
int count;
for (count = 1 ; count <= NO_OF_EMPLOYEES ; count++)
{ cout << "Enter hours for employee number " << count << ": ";
cin >> hours[count - 1];
} return 0;
}
Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist, began his work on C++'s predecessor "C with Classes" in 1979.
The first edition of Stroustrup's book, The C++ Programming Language, was published in early 1986. After the release of Version 2.0 in 1989, C++ was rapidly acknowledged as a serious, useful language.
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