Humanoid in Disguise
Isn't it weird
that whenever one sees a movie about extraterrestrials they are quite close to
our anatomy?
When one looks at the enormous diversity of life on Earth and takes in
consideration the fact that other animals use their brains to plan ahead, it
should strike one as odd that most film-makers don't stray away from the human
body plan.
This reflection makes me think about the characteristics that a space faring
species should have. Though these obligatory features do not preclude any type
of intelligence on creatures that do not have some of them, those handicapped
beings are irrelevant to the discussion. I’m talking here of species that
develop a culture sufficiently active to produce the foundations of space
exploration.
Remember one thing throughout this discussion: the words limbs, brain and body
are used as name handles so one doesn’t get lost in this speculative text, that
is, they could be anything.
It comes to my mind that any species that as a potential to be intelligent has
to be heavy enough to support a big brain. Microbe-sized sentient beings are
pure fantasy as there would be need of a great number of biological units to
make something as complex as a brain. On the other hand giants do have the size
on their benefit, but due to the large distances between limbs and brain their
reaction time tends to be slow.
Also, the quick-wittedness a species has depends on their sizes correlation with
metabolism. A small creature will tend to spend most of its time foraging for
nourishment and fleeing from predators so time to relax and think is scarce.
Besides due to its small body volume/ body area ratio it would spend most of its
energy trying to maintain its internal medium stable. Hefty living beings get
the other end of the stick: tough their need for food or homeostasis isn’t so
energy-consuming, the metabolism slows as the body volume/body area ratio
augments. If the metabolism was any faster they would cook themselves inside
out.
The basic is that small creatures haven’t got the time and big creatures haven’t
got the speed. So something between 20 to 800 kilograms is fair game.
After the size hurdle come the sensorial organs, important for the creatures’
perception of the environment. For one, it has to be sufficient but not
overwhelming, using the readily available media of propagation. So no 1000-eyed
monsters that drill the bedrock, but also no senseless brutes flying through the
air: a creature that has between two and six of a particular sensory organ is
not too farfetched.
Limbs abide by the same rules as sensory organs: dragons can be intelligent but
giant centipedes can't. An intelligent creature can have two types of limbs,
locomotory and manipulatory, but it’s not unusual for limbs to have both
functions. Locomotory appendages is what the creature uses to get around. So
they must be sufficiently efficient in their task and not much of a hindrance
when the creature passes through unfamiliar environments. A creature that has
from two to eight well-sized locomotory limbs can't be too uncoordinated.
Manipulatory limbs, the parts of the body that define a creature as intelligent,
capable of shaping its world. Important features are mobility dexterity and
prehensible extremities, so manipulation of objects can be precise and elegant.
They have to be in a number not to cumbersome for the brain to regulate but not
to few for the creature to be helpless: so two to six is a fair bet.
Brains aren't the sole purpose of a head, so long as a brain is not too far from
its sensory organs and locomotory limbs it can be anywhere. Brains on the butt
are unreal but a brain on one's back isn't.
One thing for sure: it has to be a very mobile consumer, and an omnivore at
that. There is no challenge in munching on grass and there's too much at stake
when bringing down only prey, so a creature that can eat a bit of both is more
suitable to evolve into a space faring species. This also requires of such a
type of creature (the reason why carnivores can't have technology) that they
have to be fairly unspecialised: that the route these creatures took on
evolution didn't close too many doors for the development of intelligence.
Now after this rant can you tell me with a straight face that a "gray" is
plausible?
The only reason, as far as I can tell, for the predominance of humanoid aliens
in films (though there are few, but notable exceptions) is the fact that
production costs for the creatures you and I have imagined while reading this
are too prohibitive for any real attempt.
Unless otherwise noted, all artwork, texts and webdesign are © 2006 Renato Santos