The 'Abb�sids:

indicates my preference
indicates a primary source

1. Bosworth, C. E. The `Abb�sid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of M�s� al-H�d� and Har�n al-Rash�d A. D. 785-809. Translation of The History of al-Tabar� Vol. 30. Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.
2. Bowen, H. The Life and Times of `Al�: b. `Is�:. the Good Vizier. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928.
3. ________. "The Last of the Buwayhids." JRAS (1929):225-45.
4. Cahen, C. "Point de vue sur la R�volution abbaside," Revue Historique (1963): 295-335.
5. Canard, M. Histoire de la dynastie des Hamdanides de Jazira et de Syrie. Paris: 1953.
6. Dammen McAuliffe, Jane. `Abb�sid Authority Affirmed: The Early Years of al-Mans�r, [A. D. 753-63. Translation of The History of al-Tabar�, Vol. 28. Albany: SUNY Press, 1995.
   • For a review see Elton L. Daniel, "Review of The History of al-Tabar� Vol. 28," in International Journal of Middle East Studies vol.29, no. 2 (May 1997): 287-89.
7. Gibb, H. A. R. "The Social Significance of the Shu'ubiya," In Studies on the Civilization of Islam. Ed. Shaw and Polk. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.
8. Hallaq, W. B. "Was the Gate of Ijtih�d Closed?" International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16 no. 1(1984): 3-41.
9. ________. "Caliphs, Jurists and the Salj�qs in the Political Thought of Juwayn� " Muslim World 74 no.1 (1984):26-41.
10. Haldon, J. F. and Kennedy, H. "The Arab-Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries." Recueil des travaux de l'Institut d'Etudes byzantines. 19 (1980):79-116.
Ismail, O. S. A. "Mu`tasim and the Turks." BSOAS 29(1966)12-24.
11. Kabir, M. The Buwayhid Dynasty of Baghdad. Calcutta: 1964.
12. Kennedy, Hugh. The Early Abbasid Caliphate: A Political History. London, 1981.
13. ________. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East From the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London: Longman Grop Ltd., 1986.
14. Lapidus, Ira M. "The Separation of State and Religion in the Development of Early Islamic Society," IJMES 6(1975):363-85.
15. Madelung, W. "The Assumption of the Title of Sh�h�nsh�h by the Buyids." JNES 28 (1969): 84-105; 168-83.
16. ________ "`Abd Allah b. Zubayr and the Mahdi." JNES 40 (1981):173-87.
17. Malti-Douglas, Fedwa. "Text and Tortures: The Reign of al-Mu`tadid and the Construction of Historical Meaning," Arabica 46 no. 3-4(1999): 313-336.
18. Massignon, L. The Passion of al-Hallaj, Mystic and Martyr of Islam. Translated by Mason, H. 4 Vols. Princeton: 1982.
19. Mez, A. The Renaissance of Islam. Translated by Khuda Bakhsh. London: 1937.
20. Morony, M.G. Iraq after the Muslim Conquest. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984.
21. Omar, F. The `Abbasid Caliphate 132/750-170/786. Baghdad: 1969.
22. Pipes, Daniel. Slave Soldiers and Islam. New Haven: 1981.
23. Richards, D. S. ed., Islamic Civilization, 950-1150. Oxford: 1973.
24. Sachedina, A. A. Islamic Messianism: The Idea of the Mahdi in Twelver Shi`ism. Albany: SUNY Press, 1981.
25. Sharon, M. Black Banners from the East. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1983.
26. ________. The `Abb�sid Da`wa Re-examined on the basis of a new source," Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Bar Ilan, 1973, pp. xxi-xli.
27. Tayob, Abdelkader. "Tabar� on the Companions of the Prophet: Moral and Political Contours in Islamic Historical Writing," JAOS, 119.2 (1999): 203-210.
    
28. Waines, D. "The Third Century Internal Crisis of the `Abbasids." JESHO 20 (1977): 282-306.
29. Williams, John Alden. The `Abb�sid Revolution, A. D. 743-50. Translation of The History of al-Tabar� Vol. 28. Albany: SUNY PRess, 1985.
30. Von Sievers, P. "Merchants and Nomads: the Social Evolution of the Syrian Cities and Countryside, 780-969/164-358." Islam 56 (1979):212-44.
31. ________. "Taxation and Trade in the `Abbasid Thughur." JESHO 25 (1982): 71-99.
32. Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. Religion and Politics Under the Early `Abb�sids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1977.

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