Some Basic Types Of Soil

LOAM: its is basically the mixture of  sand, silt and clay with or without organic matter.            The properties of these different matter effect the load carrying capacity in the            different matter.

SILT: it is fine grained rock flour light gray to pink color as found in the borrows pits. In the delta areas its depth goes 30 meters or more.

MUD: it is the mixture of soil and organic matter  and it is usually of plastic nature.

CALICHES: it is the cemented clay and is the mixture of sand and gravel. its cemented material may be  calcium carbonate.

MARL: it is also a calcareous material but more homogenous than caliches.

PEAT: peat is partly decayed plant or animal remains .it is fibrous in texture.

HARDPAN: it is highly compacted mixture of sand clay and gravel. It is generally located up on the  top of rock ledge.

BETONIES: these have the main constituent of mineral of montmorillonite formed due to chemical weathering volcanic ash.

BLACK COTTON SOILS: these are highly compressible clay of dark to black color commonly found in sub continent.