Chapter 18-19

 

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

____          1.   Fractional distillation of petroleum works because the components all have different _____.

a.	boiling points	c.	chemical properties
b.	melting points	d.	molecular structures

 

 

____          2.   Which pair of reactants listed below could take part in a condensation reaction?

a.	methane and an alcohol	c.	an alkane and an alcohol
b.	water and an alcohol	d.	an amine and a carboxylic acid

 

 

____          3.   Which of the following elements is not found in proteins?

a.	hydrogen	c.	sodium
b.	nitrogen	d.	sulfur

 

 

____          4.   Which of the following might be the number of oxygen atoms in a lipid that contains 30 hydrogen atoms?

a.	6	c.	30
b.	15	d.	60

 

 

____          5.   The wax applied to the paint of a car is an example of a _____.

a.	carbohydrate	c.	protein
b.	lipid	d.	steroid

 

 

____          6.   Which of the following is not true about cholesterol?

a.	Excess cholesterol can form the plaque that can clog human arteries.
b.	Controlling dietary cholesterol has no effect on blood cholesterol levels.
c.	Exercise and stress affect cholesterol levels.
d.	Your body does not need any cholesterol.

 

 

____          7.   Which of the following is not contained in a nucleic acid?

a.	carbonate group	c.	phosphate group
b.	nitrogen-containing base	d.	simple sugar

 

 

____          8.   Which of the following vitamins is most likely to be removed from a food by boiling the food?

a.	vitamin A	c.	vitamin D
b.	vitamin C	d.	All will be removed.

 

 

____          9.   Energy-storage molecules that contain three phosphate groups are called _____.

a.	ADP	c.	DNA
b.	ATP	d.	RNA

 

 

____          10.  Cells sometimes generate energy in the absence of oxygen in a process called _____.

a.	digestion	c.	glycolysis
b.	fermentation	d.	respiration

 

 

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

 

                  11.  _______________ are organic compounds that must be included in small amounts in the diet in order to maintain good health.

 

                  12.  _______________ is the sum of all chemical reactions necessary for life in an organism.

 

                  13.  _______________ is the study of the chemistry of living things.

 

                  14.  A process that takes place in the absence of oxygen is said to be a(n) _______________ process.

 

                  15.  The substance that binds to an enzyme is called a(n) _______________.

 

                  16.  _______________ are molecules that carry chemical messages from one part of the body to another.

 

                  17.  _______________ are polymers formed by the amide linkage of monomers.

 

                  18.  The monomers that join together to form proteins are called _______________.

 

                  19.  A(n) _______________ is a long-chain carboxylic acid.

 

                  20.  The term _______________ refers to any reaction that takes place only in the presence of oxygen.

 

Matching

 

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	addition reaction	g.	polymer
b.	aromatic hydrocarbons	h.	reforming
c.	cross-linking	i.	saturated hydrocarbon
d.	fractional distillation	j.	substituted hydrocarbon
e.	functional group	k.	thermosetting
f.	isomers

 

 

____          21.  A(n) _____ plastic is one that remains hard and rigid once it has been formed.

 

____          22.  _____ are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas.

 

____          23.  A(n) _____ is a large molecule that is made up of many smaller repeating units.

 

____          24.  A(n) _____ is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to each other by single bonds.

 

____          25.  In the process known as _____, large hydrocarbons can be converted to other compounds, such as aromatic hydrocarbons.

 

____          26.  _____ is a process by which adjacent chains in a polymer join together and strengthen the polymer.

 

____          27.  Hydrocarbons that contain a benzene-like structure are classified as _____.

 

____          28.  Polymers are made when monomers containing double bonds combine with each other in a reaction known as a(n) _____.

 

____          29.  When a hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by another atom or group, a(n) _____ is formed.

 

____          30.  _____ is the process by which complex organic mixtures can be separated into their constituents.

 

Short Answer

 

                  31.  Give the correct name for the following compound: CH₃CH=CHCH₂CH₃

 

                  32.  Why are there so many more organic compounds than inorganic compounds?

 

Explain what makes each of the names listed below incorrect.

 

                  33.  4-pentene

 

                  34.  For the following pair of compounds, tell whether a polymerization reaction can or cannot take place and, if it can, what type of polymerization reaction it is. H₂NCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH and HOOCCH₂CH₂COOH

 

Explain how the two terms in each of the following pairs differ from each other.

 

                  35.  cellulose and starch

 

Problem

 

A chemist is studying several unknown compounds. For each one, she has narrowed down the final identification to one of the two choices shown. Use the additional data shown in parentheses to make the correct choice for each.

 

                  36.  methane or octane (Has structural isomers.)

 

                  37.  hexadecane or hexadecene (Forms a polymer.)

 

                  38.  Distinguish between a carboxylic acid and an ester.

 

                  39.  The compound benzacetin was formerly used as a sedative. The structure of benzacetin is shown in Figure 18-4. Name the functional groups in the molecule.

 

 

                  40.  Draw the structure of the polymer that will be formed from each of the monomer CH₂=CCl₂.