Chapter
14-15
Multiple
Choice
Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
____ 1. One physical property of acids is a _____.
|
a. |
slippery feel |
c. |
sour taste |
|
b. |
pink color |
d. |
presence of hydrogen |
____ 2. Acids react with carbonates to produce
_____.
|
a. |
hydrogen |
c. |
a hydronium ion |
|
b. |
a base |
d. |
carbon dioxide |
____ 3. The top industrial chemical produced in
the United States for many years has been _____.
|
a. |
sulfuric acid |
c. |
hydrochloric acid |
|
b. |
ammonia |
d. |
oxygen |
____ 4. An example of a polyprotic acid is _____.
|
a. |
HCl |
c. |
H2SO4 |
|
b. |
HC2H3O2 |
d. |
HCN |
____ 5. A piece of blue litmus paper placed into
water through which carbon dioxide gas is bubbled will _____.
|
a. |
turn pink |
c. |
show no change |
|
b. |
remain blue |
d. |
lose its color |
____ 6. The weak acid in the following list is
_____.
|
a. |
hydrochloric acid |
c. |
nitric acid |
|
b. |
sulfuric acid |
d. |
acetic acid |
____ 7. Conductivity of an acid or a base in water
is affected by all of the following except _____.
|
a. |
strength |
c. |
molarity |
|
b. |
an indicator |
d. |
pH |
____ 8. The type of acid-base reaction that always
goes to completion is the reaction between _____.
|
a. |
a weak acid and a weak base |
c. |
a strong acid and a weak base |
|
b. |
a weak acid and a strong base |
d. |
a strong acid and a strong base |
____ 9. The spectator ions in the reaction between
HNO3 and NH4OH are _____.
|
a. |
NH4+ + NO3- |
c. |
NH4+ + OH- |
|
b. |
H+ + OH- |
d. |
H+ + NO3- |
____ 10. According to the Bronsted-Lowry
definition, an acid is a substance that _____.
|
a. |
releases H+ in solution |
c. |
accepts protons |
|
b. |
donates hydrogen atoms |
d. |
donates protons |
Completion
Complete
each sentence or statement.
11. The combination of a water molecule and a
hydrogen ion is a(n) ____________________.
12. A(n) _______________ is a substance that
produces hydroxide ions in water.
13. The reaction between an acid and a base is
a(n) _______________________.
Consider this equation for the following
questions:
K+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq)
+ Br-(aq) ® H2O(l)
+ K+(aq) + Br-(aq).
14. You can tell from the equation that
certain ions do not actually take part in the reaction. These ions are called
__________________.
15. In order to conduct a titration reaction,
you would have to begin with a(n) ______________________ of either the acid or
base.
Matching
Match each of the following equations with
the letter that tells what the pH of the final solutions that form would be.
|
a. |
low (about 1-2) |
d. |
moderately high (about 8-9) |
|
b. |
moderately low (about 5-6) |
e. |
high (about 13-14) |
|
c. |
neutral (7) |
|
|
____ 16. NaOH + HCl ®
____ 17. H2O ®
____ 18. NH3 + H2O ®
____ 19. H2O + CO2 ®
____ 20. HCl + H2O ®
Short
Answer
21. How does the concentration of hydrogen
ions in a solution with a pH of 3 differ from a solution with a pH of 6?
22. Give the formula for sodium hydroxide, and
identify it as a strong base or a weak base.
23. Classify each of the following as an acid,
a base, or neither when mixed with water: SO2, HC6H5CO2,
CsOH, and C3H8.
24. Use a chemical equation to show how
aqueous carbonic acid fits the definition of an acid.
25. Write equations that show what will happen
when a hydrogen ion or hydroxide ion is added to the following buffer solution:
lactic acid (HC3H5O3)
and sodium lactate.
26. Identify the spectator ions in the
following reaction:
sulfuric acid, H2SO4,
and aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3
27. A 0.800M NaOH solution was used to
titrate an HCl solution of unknown concentration. At the endpoint, 17.2 mL of
NaOH solution had neutralized 50.0 mL of HCl. What is the molarity of the HCl
solution?
28. An NaOH solution of unknown concentration
was used to titrate 20.0 mL of a 0.200M solution of oxalic acid, H2C2O4.
If 48.1 mL of NaOH are used to reach the endpoint, what is the concentration of
the NaOH solution?
29. How many milliliters of 0.110M
Ca(OH)2 are needed to neutralize 30.0 mL of 0.500M HNO3?
30. What volume of 0.100M HClO4
is needed to neutralize 75.0 mL of 5.00M KOH?
Problem
This table summarizes some properties of
eight compounds. Complete the table by supplying the correct information in the
spaces provided.
|
Compound |
Degree of ionization |
Acid or base |
Strong or weak |
Ionization equation |
|
HC2O3O2 |
2% |
acid |
weak |
HC2H3O2 + H2O
® H3O+ + C2H3O2- |
|
RbOH |
100% |
a. |
b. |
c. |
|
HCN |
d. |
acid |
e. |
f. |
|
H2O |
10-5% |
both |
g. |
h. |
|
H3PO4 |
i. |
j. |
k. |
l. |
|
m. |
0.01% |
n. |
o. |
CH3NH2 + H2O ® CH3NH3+
+ OH- |
|
KNO3 |
p. |
q. |
r. |
s. |
|
HFO4 |
t. |
u. |
strong |
v. |
31. b. _______________
32. i. _______________
33. l. _______________
34. r. _______________
35. u. _______________
Each of the following salts is dissolved
in water. Predict whether the solution formed would be acidic, basic, or
neutral.
36. K2CO3
The table shows the data collected in a
series of five titration experiments between samples of nitric acid and sodium
hydroxide. From the information in the table, determine the missing values.
|
Experiment |
Acid |
Base |
||
|
|
molarity |
volume |
molarity |
volume |
|
101 |
0.10M |
40.0 mL |
0.20M |
a. ______ |
|
102 |
b. ______ |
50.0 mL |
0.14M |
70.0 mL |
|
103 |
0.40M |
30.0 mL |
c. ______ |
25.0 mL |
|
104 |
0.010M |
d. ______ |
0.0077M |
65.0 mL |
|
105 |
2.0M |
16.0 mL |
e. ______ |
25.0 mL |
37. a. _______________
38. d. _______________
39. An amphoteric substance may act as either
an acid or a base. The dihydrogen phosphite ion is amphoteric. Write reactions
that demonstrate this property of H2PO3¯.
40. Write an overall equation for the acid-base
reaction that would be required to produce the following salt: Mg(ClO4)2.