Chapter
11
Completion
Complete
each sentence or statement.
1. The SI unit for measuring pressure is the
_______________.
2. The statement defining the relationship
between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature is known as
_______________.
3. ______________________ states that equal
volumes of gases at the same pressure and temperature contain equal numbers of
particles.
4. The _______________ is equivalent to 1000
pascals.
5. The term ___________________________
refers to a temperature of 0ēC and a pressure of 1 atm.
6. An instrument used to measure atmospheric
pressure is the _______________.
7. The observation that gases at the same
temperature and pressure react in small whole-number ratios by volume is called
the __________________________.
8. A method used to convert measurements in
one unit to their equivalent in a second unit is called the
_____________________.
9. The statement defining the relationship
between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure is known as
___________________.
10. The pressure needed to support a 760 mm
column of mercury is known as one _____________________.
11. The single statement that relates the
volume, pressure, and temperature of a gas is the _______________.
12. The relationship between the pressure and
volume of a sample of gas at constant temperature is a(n) _______________
proportion.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement
below.
|
a. |
barometer |
h. |
Blaise Pascal |
|
b. |
Robert Boyle |
i. |
sphygmomanometer |
|
c. |
kilopascal |
j. |
atmospheric pressure |
|
d. |
14.7 psi |
k. |
pound per square inch |
|
e. |
101.3 kPa |
l. |
small whole number ratios |
|
f. |
Jacques Charles |
m. |
Evangelista Torricelli |
|
g. |
inverse |
|
|
____ 13. The device used to measure blood pressure.
____ 14. The device used to measure atmospheric
pressure.
____ 15. Invented the barometer.
____ 16. Less at the top of a mountain than at the
bottom of the mountain.
____ 17. Conducted many experiments on gas
pressure.
____ 18. A commonly used multiple of the unit
pascal.
____ 19. The unit of pressure in the old system of
measurement in the United States.
____ 20. Normal air pressure.
____ 21. Normal air pressure measured in
kilopascals.
____ 22. Discovered the quantitative relationship
between gas volume and gas pressure.
____ 23. Gas volume and gas pressure have this
relationship.
____ 24. Discovered the relationship between gas
volume and temperature.
____ 25. Volumes of gases always combine with each
other in this relationship.
Short
Answer
26. What pressure would a gas exert at
absolute zero? Explain.
27. Not enough air is pumped into an
inflatable life raft to make it completely fill out. The atmospheric pressure
is 14.7 psi. What is the pressure of the air inside the raft? Explain.
28. A barometer is carried to the bottom of a
mine shaft, 1000 m beneath Earth's surface. What can you say about the level of
mercury in the barometer?
29. Explain why pumping additional air into a
tire causes the pressure inside the tire to increase. Discuss the motion of air
molecules in your answer.
30. What is in the top of the tube above the
mercury column in a barometer?
31. A weather balloon on Earth's surface looks
as if it is almost empty and barely inflated. As it floats upward, it becomes
increasingly larger and at some point becomes fully inflated. How do you explain
this process?
32. Use Table 11.1 on page 379 in your
textbook and the equation 1.00 in. = 25.4 mm to convert the following pressure
measurements: 10.8 psi to mm Hg, 405 kPa to psi, 983 mm Hg to kPa, and 36.50
atm to in. Hg.
33. A tire gauge at a gas station indicates a
pressure of 32 psi in your tires. What is the absolute pressure in your tires
in kPa?
34. A cylinder contains 32 g of air. If 48 g
of air are pumped into the cylinder at constant temperature, how does the
pressure in the cylinder change?
35. A cylinder contains 41.2 g of neon gas at
a pressure of 16.40 atm. The valve is opened and gas is allowed to escape until
the pressure is reduced to 9.15 atm at constant temperature. How many grams of
neon escaped?
36. If the gas pressure in an aerosol can is
166 kPa at 17ēC, what is the pressure inside the can if it is heated to 195ēC?
37. A tank for compressed gas can safely
withstand a maximum pressure of 825 kPa. The pressure in the tank is 645 kPa at
a temperature of 25ēC. What is the highest temperature the tank can safely
withstand?
38. A cylinder contains 136 g of air at 280 K.
The pressure in the cylinder is 7.27 atm. If 19 g of air are allowed to escape
and the cylinder is heated to 312 K, what is the new pressure?
39. A cylinder of compressed gas has a volume
of 3.85 L and a pressure of 463 kPa. What volume would the gas occupy if it
were allowed to escape into a balloon at a pressure of 110 kPa? Assume constant
temperature.
40. A sample of carbon dioxide gas is
compressed, causing its pressure to increase by 33 percent at constant
temperature. What is the percentage change in the volume of the sample?
41. The volume of a sample of argon gas is 138
mL at -150ēC and 1 atm. Predict the volume of the sample at +150ēC and 1 atm.
42. A cylinder contains 6.94 L of a gas at a
temperature of 15ēC. The cylinder is heated, and a piston moves in the cylinder
so that constant pressure is maintained. If the final volume of the gas in the
cylinder is 8.50 L, what is the final temperature?
43. A sample of helium has a volume of 514 mL
at 410 K. The sample is cooled at constant pressure to a volume of 356 mL. What
is the new temperature?
44. A 2.16-L sample of oxygen is collected at
99.6 kPa and 305 K. If the pressure increases to 122.8 kPa and the temperature
drops to 285 K, what volume will the oxygen occupy?
45. At 525 mm Hg and 85ēC, the volume of a
sample of nitrogen gas is 26.8 L. What is the volume at STP?
46. A 42-g sample of krypton gas has a volume
of 11.2 L at STP. The sample is heated to 112ēC and compressed to a volume of
6.83 L. What is the resulting pressure?
47. Compare the number of particles in 1.0 L
of oxygen gas at STP to the number of particles in 4.0 L of argon gas at 0ēC
and 380 mm Hg.
48. How many liters of sulfur dioxide gas will
be needed to react completely with 3.85 L of oxygen gas to form sulfur
trioxide?
49. How many liters of oxygen gas are needed
for the combustion of 2.05 L of ethane gas?
50. A cylinder contains 46.3 g of oxygen at
30ēC and 725 kPa. The cylinder is cooled to 5ēC, and oxygen gas is released
until the pressure is lowered to 517 kPa. How many grams of oxygen are left in
the cylinder?
51. A gas has a volume of 269 mL at STP. What
Celsius temperature will cause the gas to have a volume of 190 mL at a pressure
of 182 kPa?
Problem
52. Natural gas is often stored in large tanks
kept under constant pressure by a dome that rides up and down on vertical
tracks. Suppose the volume of gas in a
municipal tank measures 2.50 x 106 m3 during the evening
when the temperature is 15ēC. What will be the volume of the gas in the tank
during the day when the temperature rises to 27ēC?
53. At 20ēC, a sample of nitrogen gas occupies
25.0 L. What volume will the nitrogen occupy at 225ēC?
54. Carbon dioxide gas is stored in a steel
container with a volume of 12.5 L under a pressure of 50.0 atm. What volume
will the gas occupy when it is released from the container into a pressure of
1.00 atm?
55. A refrigeration system contains 575 mL of
a gas at 22ēC and 1.25 atm. The gas is compressed until it has a pressure of
2.00 atm and a temperature of -6ēC. What is the new volume of the gas in the
system?
56. The reading on a barometer is 764 mm Hg.
If the barometer contained water instead of mercury, would you expect the
reading to be more than, less than, or equal to 764 mm? Explain. Consider the
densities of mercury and water.
57. A pair of chemistry students worked
together in the laboratory to collect data on the volumes, pressures, and
temperatures of several samples of gases. One student worked on Tuesday and the
other on Wednesday. Each student neglected to collect certain data from time to
time. From the data reported in the table, calculate the missing information
indicated by the numbers (1) through (5).
|
|
Tuesday Data |
Wednesday Data |
||||
|
Trial |
Volume |
Pressure |
Temp. |
Volume |
Pressure |
Temp. |
|
101 |
125 mL |
1.00 atm |
25ēC |
1. _____ |
1.00 atm |
0.0ēC |
|
102 |
25.0 mL |
650 mm Hg |
22.5ēC |
30.0 mL |
2. _____ |
22.5ēC |
|
103 |
39.0 mL |
1.025 atm |
0.0ēC |
35.0 mL |
1.025 atm |
3. ____ |
|
104 |
250.0 mL |
750 mm Hg |
32ēC |
4. _____ |
780 mm Hg |
47ēC |
|
105 |
5. _____ |
25 mm Hg |
-45ēC |
0.079 L |
760 mm Hg |
0.0ēC |