Chapter 8

 

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 

____    1.   Each row in the periodic table ends with a _____.

a.	metal	c.	metalloid
b.	nonmetal	d.	noble gas

 

 

____    2.   In going from left to right in any given row in the periodic table, the size of atoms generally _____.

a.	increases	c.	stays the same
b.	decreases	d.	changes randomly

 

 

____    3.   Compared to the neutral atom from which it is derived, a negative ion is _____.

a.	always larger
b.	always smaller
c.	larger in some cases and smaller in others
d.	the same size

 

 

____    4.   When compared to the main group metals, transition metals have melting and boiling points that are _____.

a.	always lower	c.	about the same
b.	usually higher	d.	usually lower

 

 

 

 

____    7.   Alkaline earth metals lose _____ electrons to achieve the electron configuration of the noble gas in the preceding period.

a.	one	c.	six
b.	two	d.	seven

 

 

____    8.   The most important use of lead is in _____.

a.	solder	c.	batteries
b.	pewter	d.	paint pigment

 

 

____    9.   The most unreactive group of elements is the _____.

a.	halogens	c.	alkali metals
b.	noble gases	d.	transition elements

 

 

 

 

Matching

 

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	alkali metal
b.	alkaline earth metal
c.	halogen

 

 

____   14.   Fluorine, bromine, or iodine

 

____   15.   An element found in Group 1 of the periodic table

 

____   16.   In compounds, has an oxidation number of 2+

 

 

Short Answer

 

Tell why each of the following newspaper headlines would raise questions or objections in the mind of someone who had just completed a high school chemistry course.

 

           25.   "A ten-pound lump of potassium metal has been found floating on the Fresno River."

 

           26.   "New method is found for protecting aluminum and magnesium products from corrosion."

 

 

The graph in Figure 8-1 shows the quantities of the top ten chemicals produced for the United States in 1994. Use this graph to answer some of these questions.

 

 

           28.   What was the total quantity of nitrogen-containing substances in the top 10 chemicals produced in 1994?

 

           29.   By how much did the number 1 chemical on this list exceed the number 2 chemical in terms of production quantity?

 

Chapter 8

Answer Section

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

            1.   D

 

            2.   B

 

            3.   A

 

            4.   B

 

            5.   B

 

            6.   A

 

            7.   B

 

            8.   C

 

            9.   B

 

           10.   D

 

           11.   A

 

           12.   B

 

           13.   C

 

MATCHING

 

           14.   C

 

           15.   A

 

           16.   B

 

           17.   A

 

           18.   C

 

           19.   C

 

           20.   B

 

           21.   A

 

           22.   B

 

           23.   B

 

           24.   C

 

SHORT ANSWER

 

           25.   Potassium would have reacted with water in the river.

 

           26.   Aluminum and magnesium react with oxygen to form a protective layer so no further protection is needed.

 

           27.   Jewelry metals need to be unreactive, and calcium is reactive.

 

           28.   47 billion kg

 

           29.   by about 7.5 billion kg

 

           30.   used in making batteries and refining steel

 

           31.   12 billion kg

 

           32.   35 billion kg

 

           33.   sulfric acid