*1898: Mkwawa, realizing the futility of his struggle, builds a fire and shoots himself over it.
* 1905: Southern Arabs and local tribesmen, still heavily resenting the abolition of the slave trade, erupt in rebellion. They are driven by the superstition that Maji Maji, a holy water, will render them immune to gunpowder weapons.
*1907: German artillery decimates the forces of the Maji Maji Rebellion.
*1914: World War I breaks out, and British and South African troops invade Tanzania, later reinforced by Belgian and Portuguese forces pouring in from all sides. Colonel Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, a brilliant executor of guerilla warfare, manages to hold out and outmaneuver his enemies for four years with some 14,000 troops, while outnumbered by a factor of ten.
*1918: Lettow-Vorbeck surrenders on November 14 after receiving news of the war's end in Europe. Tanzania becomes a British mandate in1919, and all Germans are expelled.
*1925: German settlers are permitted to return and, in some cases, reclaim their former land. To this day, they comprise under 2% of the population and are concentrated almost exclusively in metropolitan areas.
(1870-1964)