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The Basics: Simple Grammar, Pronouns, and Verbs |
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Grammar |
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Let's learn a little grammar!!! First, I will show you the English way of saying it, then the Hindi way of saying it. It'll make sense later...
How Are You......You How Are
Devesh Went Behind The School.......Devesh School Behind Went
Don't Run Fast....Fast Not Run
Devesh Has One Son.....Devesh of One Son Is |
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Pronouns |
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Next, we will learn about the all important pronouns. These should be really easy to memorize. Notice that ka, ki, and ke mean "of" and ko means "to." |
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I- Mein
To Me- Mujhko
My- Mera, Meri, Mere
We- Haam
To Us- Haamko
Ours- Haamra, Haamri, Haamre |
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You- Aap, Tum
To You- Aapko, Tumko
Yours- Aapka, Aapki, Aapke
He, Her, It- Ye, Ve, Voh, Vohi
To Him, To Her, To It- Usko, Unko
Her, Hers, Its- Uska, Uski, Uske |
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Where- Kaaha
When- Kab
What- Kyaa
Why- Kyon
How- Kaisa, Kaisi, Kaise
Who- Kohn |
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Verbs |
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Next, we will attempt using verbs... this is where it will either completely lose you, or where it will actually make sense to you. Hindi verbs have two parts to them. First is the root word, then is the suffix of -na. For instance, likhna is "to write," hona is "to be," and dekhna is "to look." |
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Present Tense |
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Present Tense We will do this in the form of subject, then a form of hona, "to be." |
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I am- Mein hoon
What is- Kya hai |
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You are- Aap hai
Who is- Kaun hai |
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We are- Haam hai
Car is- Garri hai |
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He, She, It is- Ye hai
Writing is- Likhna hai |
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Present Tense- Passive Let's try a new verb... learn, which is sikhna. To use this form, simply get the root word (in this case, "sikh") and atttach a -ti, -ta, or -te, and then the appropriate present tense form of be. It is -ti for feminine objects, -ta for masculine, and -te for plural. |
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I learn- Mein sikhta hoon
It learns- Ye sikhti hai
We learn- Haam sikhte hai
The son of Devesh learns- Devesh ka beta sikhta hai |
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You learn- Aap sikhta hai
Devesh learns- Devesh sikhta hai
Why learn- Kyon sikhta hai
What learns- Kya sikhta hai |
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Present Tense- Active Just a little change. Keep the root verb, but add -raha, -rahi, or -rahe, then the present tense indicator. Raha for masculine, rahi for feminine, rahe for plural. |
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I am speaking- Mein bol raha hoon
It is speaking- Ye bol rahi hai
We are speaking well- Haam acche bol rahe hai
Why is Devesh's book speaking- Devesh ka kitab kyon bol raha hai
Who is speaking- Kohn bol rahi hai |
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Past Tense |
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Past Tense Just get the object and add tha (masculine), thi (feminine), or the (plural) Simple. |
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I was- Mein tha You were- Aap thi We were- Haam the What was- Kya tha |
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Past Tense- Passive Let's use the verb dekhna. Just use the root (dekh), -ta, -ti, or -te, then add the tha, thi, or the to make it past tense... yay |
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I looked- Mein dekhti thi
Devesh's brother looked- Deveshs ka bhai dekhti thi |
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You looked- Aap dekhta tha
What looked- Kya dekhta tha |
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Past Tense- Active We will use rona. Take the root (ro), add raha, rahi, rahe (same rules as before) and tha, thi, the. Easy as ek do tin!!! (1, 2, 3) |
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I was crying- Mein ro rahi thi
You were crying- Aap ro rahi thi
We were crying- Haam ro rahe the |
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Why was Dave crying- Dave kyon ro raha tha
When was the teacher crying- Guru kab ro rahi thi
Who was crying- Kohn ro raha tha |
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Future Tense |
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Future Tense- Passive This is a little different than present and past. Just remember these rules. As always, use the root first. If the subject is "I" use -unga for masculine, or -ungi for feminine. If the subject is singular, but not "I" use -ega or -egi. If it is plural, use -enge. |
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I will speak- Mein bolungi
You will speak- Aap bolega
Auntie will speak- Auntie bolegi |
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Why will Rathi speak- Rathi kyon bolegi
Why will Devesh not speak- Devesh kyon nahi bolega
When will we speak- Haam kab bolenge |
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Future Tense- Active Future tense really can be confusing... For this- use your root, -ta, -ti, or -te, then rah, then -unga, -ungi, -ega, -egi, -enge. Make sense? |
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I will be speaking- Mein bolti rahungi
You will be speaking- Aap bolta rahega
We will be speaking- Haam bolte rahenge |
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Who will be speaking- Kohn bolta rahega
When will Devesh be speaking- Devesh kab bolta rahega |
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