Defect : BITTINESS :
The painted surface feels rough and coarse. Small particles of solid matter project above the surface of the paint film.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Dust in the atmosphere
• Dry and broken skin in the paint can
• Impurities in the paint can
• Unclean paintbrush

• Ensure clean and dust-free surface prior to painting
• Strain the paint through cloth before painting
• Do not apply paint in windy conditions.

Defect : BLISTERING :
Formation of small bubbles on the surface of the paint film which may eventually burst exposing the surface underneath.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Trapped air or gases
• Moisture beneath the paint film
• Corrosion (rust) under the paint film

• Allow the surface to dry fully
• Avoid paint application in rain or extreme heat
• Allow each coat time to dry sufficiently

Defect : BLOOMING :
Cloudy /dull discoloration and loss of gloss which sometimes forms on the surface of glossy paints or lacquers.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Rapid condensation owing to surface cooling
• Use of fast evaporating solvents

• Avoid painting in extreme humidity
• Use correct thinner
   

Defect : WRINKLING / CRACKING :
The paint film forms ridges or furrows.

REASON

SOLUTION

• High temperatures during painting

• If the paint is thick, remove it fully and repaint

Defect : CHALKING :
The formation of a white powdery film on the painted surface. Matt finishes are more prone to chalking than others.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Degradation of the medium in the paint film due to moisture or ultraviolet radiation
• Absorption of the binder in the paint by the surface on which it is applied due to improper priming prior to application of under and finish coats
   

• Study the surface condition and use a paint specially formulated for exterior use where appropriate
• If the cause can be traced to an absorbent surface, scrape off all paint and repaint after applying adequate coats of primer
   

Defect : SAGGING :
The downward movement of the paint film between application and drying resulting in an uneven paint film.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Paint film too thick
• Paint not viscous enough
• Wrong thinner
• Spray pressure too high

• Use correct thinner
• Avoid thick application
• Maintain correct application viscosity

Defect : CISSING / PINHOLING :
The wet paint film recedes from small areas of the surface leaving them apparently uncoated.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Water , impurities in the pipeline of compressor
• Oily substance on the surface.
   

• Ensure surface is free from oil/grease, and properly dry
• Keep pipeline of compressure clean and free from water

Defect : LIFTING :
Gloss reduction and cracking of the finish coat which occurs usually within 48 hours after application.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Solvent used in the paint attacks primer
• Paint applied on insufficiently dry primer
• Wrong primer used
• Wrong thinner in finish paint

• Use correct thinner
• Allow it to dry thoroughly
• Use correct primer
• Check gripping between primer and finish coat

Defect : PATCHINESS :
The paint film shows streaks or patches of varying colours immediately after application and drying. Remember that there is usually a difference in shade between wet and dry paint so wait for a substantial area to dry adequately before taking remedial or preventive action.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Surface is highly porous and absorbent.
• Improper mixing and stirring of paint.

• Reduce absorption with sealer / several thinned down finish coats.
• Ensure proper stirring of paint.

Defect : CRACKING :
Non-uniform breaking up of the paint film.

REASON

SOLUTION

• If paint is applied on under-dried undercoats.
• If paint coat is thick.

• Allow sufficient time for one coat to dry before applying the next one.
• To ensure good adhesion, rub the first coat thoroughly with sandpaper.

Defect : FLAKING & PEELING :
The lifting of the paint film from the surface in the form of scales and flakes.

REASON

SOLUTION

• If previously applied paint films become loose.
• Loss of adhesion between paint film and surface.
• Poor flexibility of paint film.

• Don't apply paint on a chalky surface.
• Follow correct surface preparation procedure.
• Make sure surface is clean and dry before painting.

Defect : BRUSH MARKS :
The brush marks are visible.

REASON

SOLUTION

• Over-brushing.
• Application in high viscosity.
• Poor quality brush.
• Poor application of paint film.

• Apply paint of correct viscosity.
• Use the right quality of paint brush. 
• Employ correct application technique.