7th Grade Science Benchmark Practice 2nd Nine Weeks

The tool shown above is an example of a
compound machine made of two
1. first class levers
2. second class levers
3. third class levers
4. fourth class levers
Because it reduces the force needed to lift a
load of bricks, a wheelbarrow is MOST like
which of the following simple machines?
1. Lever
2. Inclined plane
3. Pulley
4. Wheel and axle
Which of these would decrease the force
needed to lift the load?
1. Moving the load closer to the effort
  force
2. Applying the effort force to the
  bottom of the lever
3. Moving the load close to the
  fulcrum
4. Hanging the load under the lever at
  the same spot
Ken wants to move a large bolder in his
back yard. He has another large rock and
piece of wood to work with. Which
arrangement will be most efficient to move
the rock?
Many common objects are simple machines
or combinations of simple machines. Which
of the following machines use a pulley
system
1. yo-yo
2. window blinds
3. wheelbarrow
4. can opener
Which of the following is an example of a
first class lever?
1. a person sweeping a floor with a
  broom
2. a hockey player hitting a slap shot
3. two kids playing on a teeter-totter
4. a person moving a load of bricks
  with a wheelbarrow
A sheet of notebook paper lying motionless
on a table and not touched by an outside
force will MOST likely remain motionless
because
1. balanced forces exerted by gravity
  and the table keep the paper
  motionless
2. an unbalanced force is exerted by
  the table to keep the paper
  motionless
3. balanced forces exerted by gravity
  and the air keep the paper
  motionless
4. an unbalanced force is exerted by
  the air to keep the paper motionless
A book is sliding across a horizontal
tabletop and is slowing down. Which of the
following statements is accurate about this
situation?
1. There is a balanced force on the
  book caused by gravity.
2. There is no upward force acting on
  the book.
3. There is an unbalanced force on the
  book caused by friction.
4. There are no unbalanced forces
  acting on the book.
When a satellite is in orbit around the Earth,
the force of gravity on the shuttle
1. pulls the satellite out toward space
2. causes a change in the direction of
  motion
3. is so small it can be ignored
4. causes the speed of the satellite to
  decrease
To show students that gravity alone is not
the only force that helps move food through
the body, the teacher does a headstand and
eats a cookie. Which of the following is
MOST responsible for moving the food to
the teacher's stomach while upside down?
1. Chewing by the teeth
2. Movement of the tongue
3. Squeezing by the esophagus
4. Contraction of the stomach
Which type of energy transformation is
occurring in the diagram shown above?
1. Radiant energy to chemical energy
2. Chemical energy to mechanical energy
3. Thermal energy to electrical energy
4. Chemical energy to radiant energy
The equation above describes the chemical
reaction that occurs during photosynthesis.
What happens to the light energy that is
shown in the reaction?
1. It is destroyed during the reaction.
2. It is released when the reaction is
  complete.
3. It is converted into chemical energy
  during the reaction.
4. It is changed into atoms of carbon
  and oxygen during the reaction.
Which organism in the food chain shown
above is responsible for transforming
radiant energy into chemical energy?
1. Grass
2. Prairie dog
3. Coyote
4. Soil Bacteria
In which part of this diagram is radiant
energy from the sun being converted into
chemical energy?
1. Tree
2. Bird
3. Bicycle
4. Dog
Which of these types of plants would
MOST LIKELY have the highest rate of
photosynthesis?
1. A plant with large, thick roots and
  thin feathery leaves
2. A plant with a woody trunk and
  needle-shaped leaves
3. A plant with leaves adapted to
  digest materials from insects
4. A plant with long, wide leaves that
  lives in forest clearings
What process in the natural world converts
radiant energy into chemical energy?
1. respiration
2. condensation
3. diffusion
4. photosynthesis
During photosynthesis,
1. light energy is converted into
  chemical energy.
2. chemical energy is transferred into
  potential energy.
3. radiant energy is changed into
  potential energy.
4. solar energy is exchanged for
  kinetic energy.
According to the diagram above, during
what months does Australia have the
MOST hours of daylight?
1. March-May
2. September-November
3. June-August
4. December-February
In Melbourne, Australia, the average daily
high temperature in January is about 26 °C.
In July, the average is about 13 °C.
According to the diagram above, this
seasonal difference is due to a change in the
1. tilt of Earth on its axis
2. tilt of Earth on its axis
3. tilt of Earth on its axis
4. tilt of Earth on its axis
On the map below, shaded areas show
where it is night on Earth. Unshaded areas
show where it is daytime.

Use what you know about the length of
daylight and nighttime hours in different
seasons to determine which season it is in
the Northern Hemisphere?
1. Fall
2. Winter
3. Spring
4. Summer
On the map below, shaded areas show
where it is night on Earth. Unshaded areas
show where it is daytime.

Which of these BEST explains why it is
night in more of the Northern Hemisphere
than in the Southern Hemisphere?
1. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted
  toward the Sun.
2. The Earth's rotation brings it closer
  to the Sun when it is summer in the
  Northern Hemisphere.
3. The Southern Hemisphere is tilted
  toward the Sun.
4. The Earth's rotation brings it closer
  to the Sun when it is summer in the
  Southern Hemisphere.
At which position on the diagram above
does the waning gibbous phase of the moon
occur?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
At which position on the diagram above
does the waxing gibbous phase of the moon
occur?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
What is the phase of the moon indicated by
the 1 in the diagram shown above?
1. Waning crescent phase
2. Waning gibbous phase
3. Waxing crescent phase
4. Waxing gibbous phase
Which of the following shows how the
moon appears to be by an observer on
Earth, when it is in the position shown in
the diagram above?
The tables show some of the species living
in two nearby lakes at two different times.
The change in the species of each lake is
MOST LIKELY the result of
1. pollution
2. forest fires
3. flooding
4. volcanic eruptions
A landslide carries many tons of rock from
a hillside into a valley. All of the plants in
the valley are buried. New plants that begin
to grow in the valley after the landslide will
MOST LIKELY lack
1. clean air
2. rich soil
3. bright light
4. fresh water
The rocks in the diagram have been
exposed to weathering and erosion to form
the patterns seen above. Why does this
pattern result?
1. The rock is weathered entirely by
  rain falling.
2. The rock layers weather at different
  rates depending on their type.
3. The rock eroded from one side is
  usually deposited on the other.
4. The rock on each side is exposed to
  very different conditions.
Limestone is dissolved by groundwater.
Over time, which type of landform is
MOST LIKELY formed from this process?
1. Cliff
2. Floodplain
3. Mountain
4. Sinkhole
The table below shows part of the crop
rotation schedule used by George
Washington, the first President of the
United States of America.

Rotation of crops helped ensure the longterm
productivity of George Washington's
farm because each crop MOST likely
1. needed a different amount of
  sunlight
2. had a different effect on soil
  nutrients
3. used a different amount of fresh
  water
4. relied on different gases found in air
A volcanic eruption adds, among other
things, a large amount of lava to the
environment. This balances which of the
following forces?
1. Gravity
2. Weathering
3. Erosion
4. Fossilization
After a large volcanic eruption, it may take
many years for the ecosystem surrounding
the volcano to return to the equilibrium that
existed before the eruption. Which of these
is a natural process that directly works to
return ecosystems to their equilibrium?
1. Photosynthesis
2. Homeostasis
3. Succession
4. Desertification

7th Grade Benchmark Practice 2nd Nine Weeks

2nd Nine Weeks