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Table (19) – (20) – (21) – (22) – (23)

VIII. Growth studies in mustard

1. Plant population

The mean number of mustard plants per plot as influenced by different treatments at 20 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest is presented in Table 19. It is clear from the data that the number of mustard plants per plot was not significantly influenced by different treatments during both the years. This reveals that variation in growth and yield was mainly due to treatment effect and not due to variation in plant population.

Table 19. Plant population of mustard as influenced by different treatments.

(Figures in parenthesis indicate percentage)

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2. Height (cm) of mustard

Data on mean height of mustard plants as influenced periodically by different treatments are presented in Table 20 and depicted in Fig. 16.

Table 20. Height (cm) of plant in mustard as influenced periodically by different treatments.

Effect of preceding treatments

During both the years, T₆, T₇ and T₈ recorded significantly higher plant height in mustard as compared to all the remaining treatments at 30 DAS, while the differences between former three treatments were of the similar order. The differences between T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₁ were not up to the mark. While at 60 DAS, the differences within the individual treatments were significant. T₆ showed tremendous residue followed by T₇, T₈, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₁ in that descending order during both the years. At 90 DAS, T₈ produced significantly taller plants than all the remaining treatments, but the difference between T₈ and T₆ were not up to the mark. T₆ showed significantly effect on rest of the treatments except T₇, where the differences were not significant. T₇ also showed its supremacy than T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₁. T₂, T₃ and T₄ behaved similarly with each other. T₄ proved significantly superior to T₁, but the differences between T₄ and T₅ as well as T₅ and T₁ were not significant. Trend was similar in 2001-2002, except that the differences between T₃, T₄ and T₅ as well as T₄, T₅ and T₁ were of the similar magnitude at 90 DAS. At harvest T₆ proved constantly superior compared to all the remaining treatments followed by T₇, T₈, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₁. The differences between T₂ and T₃, T₄ and T₅ as well as T₅ and T₁ were not up to the mark. Similar trend was also observed during 2001-2002, except that the differences between T₇ and T₈ as well as T₃ and T₄ were found to be not significant.

Effect of fertilizer levels

Fertilizer levels showed significant variation in plant height of mustard at all the stages during both the years. Application of Fertilizers 90:45:45 kg ha^-1 recorded significantly taller plant height than Fertilizers 45:45:45 kg ha^-1 and control at all the stages during both the years, except at 30 DAS, where the differences between Fertilizers 90:45:45 kg ha^-1 (M₂) and Fertilizers 45:45:45 kg ha^-1 (M₃) was not up to the mark. Similarly, at 90 DAS, M₂ and M₃ behaved similarly with each other during 2001-2002.

Interaction effect

The interaction effect was not significant.

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3. Number of branches per plant

The mean number of branches per plant as influenced periodically by different treatments is presented in Table 21 and depicted in Fig. 17.

Table 21. Number of branches per plant in mustard as influenced periodically by different treatments.

Effect of preceding treatments

During 2000-2001, T₇ recorded significantly higher number of branches per plant than all the remaining treatments except T₆ and T₈, where the differences were of the similar order at 45 DAS. Similarly, T₆ and T₈ proved significantly superior over the remaining treatments except T₁ where the differences were not up to the mark. T₁, T₃, T₂, T₅ and T₄ behaved similarly with each other. Similar trend was also observed during 2001-2002, except that T₆ and T₈ proved superior to T₁. At 60 DAS, T₇ showed its superiority over all the remaining treatments except T₆, where the difference was not significant. T₆ and T₈ proved significantly superior than T₃, T₂, T₄, T₅ and T₁, while the differences between former two and latter five treatments were of the similar magnitude. On the other hand, the trend was quite different during 2001-2002. T₇ proved significantly superior to all the remaining treatments followed by T₆, T₈, T₃, T₂, T₄, T₅ and T₁ in that descending order. T₃ and T₂ did not show significant variation.

While at 90 DAS, T₇, T₆ and T₈ noted significantly higher number of branches than all the remaining treatments, but former three treatments behaved similarly with each other during both the years. T₃ and T₂ proved their superiority than T₅ and T₁, but the difference between T₃, T₂ and T₄; T₂, T₄ and T₅ as well as T₄, T₅ and T₁ were of the similar order. More or less similar trend was noted in 2001-2002, except that the T₃, T₂, T₄ and T₅ as well as T₂, T₄, T₅ and T₁ did not show significant variation in number of branches per plant. Similar trend was noted at harvest in 2001-2002; except that T₇ was superior to all the remaining treatments followed by T₆, but the differences between T₇ and T₆ as well as T₆ and T₈ were not up to the mark. On the other hand, during 2000-2001, T₇ showed its superiority over all the remaining treatment. Similarly, T₆ and T₈ proved their supremacy over T₃, T₂, T₄, T₅ and T₁. The differences between T₃, T₂ and T₄; T₂, T₄ and T₅ as well as T₄, T₅ and T₁ were not up to the mark.

Effect of fertilizer levels

Fertilizer levels did not influence the number of branches during 45 DAS in both the years. On the other hand, at 60 DAS, Fertilizers 90:45:45 kg ha^-1 (M₂) produced significantly higher number of branches compared to M₃ and M₁. During 2001-2002, M₃ also proved significantly superior to M₁. On the contrary, M₂ and M₃ showed their superiority over M₁ at all the stages of (90 days onwards) during both the years, except at 60 DAS in 2001-2002, where the difference between M₃ and M₁ was not up to the mark.

Interaction effect

Interaction effects were not significant.

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4. Number of functional leaves per plant

The mean number of functional leaves of mustard plants as influenced periodically by different treatments is presented in Table 22 and depicted in Fig. 18.

Table 22. Number of functional leaves of mustard as influenced periodically by different treatments.

Effect of preceding treatments

The residual effect had affected the number of leaves significantly up to 60 DAS during both the years thereafter the results were not significant. During both the years, T₇, T₆ and T₈ showed significant residue, which increased the number of leaves in mustard, while former three treatments behaved similarly with each other. The residue due to T₃, T₂, T₅, T₄ and T₁ did not produce any significant variation in number of leaves of succeeding crop in mustard.

Effect of fertilizer levels

The direct effect of fertilizer levels was very much significant in increasing number of leaves of mustard. Application of Fertilizers 90:45:45 kg ha^-1 (M₂) produced significantly higher number of leaves compared to M₁ at all the stages during both the years, while, Fertilizers 90:45:45 kg ha^-1 (M₂) and M₃ did not show any significant variation at all the stages. Similarly, application of Fertilizers 45:45:45 kg ha^-1 also proved its superiority over control at all the stages during both the years, except at 30 DAS in 2001-2002, where the difference was not up to the mark.

Interaction effect

Interaction effects were not significant.

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5. Dry matter accumulation (g) per plant

The mean dry matter accumulation (g) per plant of mustard plants as influenced periodically by different treatments is presented in Table 23 and depicted in Fig. 19.

Table 23. Dry matter accumulation (g) per hill of mustard as influenced periodically by different treatments.

Effect of preceding treatments

During 2000-2001, the residual effect due to T₇, T₆ and T₃ was very much significant ultimately resulting in higher dry matter accumulation of mustard over the remaining treatments, while the differences between former three treatments did not differ significantly at 30 DAS. Similarly, T₂, T₅, T₈, T₄ and T₁ did not show significant residue. The results during 2001-2002 were not significant. At 60 DAS, T₇ showed significant residue compared to the remaining treatments in 2000-2001 followed by T₆ and T₃. The differences between T₆ and T₃ as well as T₂, T₈ and T₅ were of the similar order in respect of residue. T₂ and T₈ had an edge over T₄ and T₁. On the other hand, T₇ and T₆ showed significant residue over the remaining treatments except T₃ where the differences were not up to the mark during 2001-2002. The residual effects due to T₂, T₅ and T₈; T₅, T₈ and T₄ as well as T₈, T₄ and T₁ were not conspicuous.

At 90 DAS, T₇ showed significant residue, which reflected in increasing dry matter accumulation over the remaining treatments during 2000-2001. T₆ and T₃ did not show significant residue, but these two treatments were superior to T₂, T₅, T₈, T₄ and T₁. The differences between T₂, T₅ and T₈ as well as T₈ and T₄ did not differ significantly though they were superior over control. In 2001-2002, at 90 DAS, T₇ and T₆ behaved similarly with each other, but were superior to the remaining treatments except T₃, where the differences between residue due to T₇ and T₆ as well as T₆ and T₃ were not up to the mark. T₂, T₅ and T₈ did not show significant variation due to residue. Similar trend was noted during both the years at harvest except that the dry matter accumulation of mustard raised after T₇ was significantly higher than that of all the remaining treatments.

Effect of fertilizer levels

During both the years, Fertilizers 90:45:45 kg ha^-1 (M₂) registered significantly higher dry matter accumulation than M₃ at all the stages, except at 30 and 60 DAS in 2000-2001 and at 90 DAS in 2001-2002, where the differences were not up to the mark. Similarly, Fertilizers 45:45:45 kg ha^-1 (M₃) also had an edge over M₁ at all the stages during both the years.

Interaction effect

Interaction effects were not significant.

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