PHYSIOLOGY NUMERICAL NOTES:
Ref: Ganongs
GENERAL
In adult male of 70kg.
Protein 18%
Mineral 7%
Fat 15%
Water 60%
--------
100%
Water is 60% of which
Intracellular water 40% (28L)
Extracellular water 20% (14L)
Plasma 5%
Interstitial fluid 15%
The water content is 71-72 ml/100gm
ECF 14L in 70kg man i.e. 20%
The max. rate of Glucose
absorbtion through intestine 120gm/hr.
DAILY WATER TURNOVER IN GIT.
Salivary secretion 1500ml
Gastric secretion 2500ml
Pancreatic secretion 1500ml
Bile 500ml
Intestine 1000ml
Ingestion 2000ml
---------
9000ml
REABSORBED
Jejunum 5500ml
Ileum 2000ml
Colon 1300ml
---------
8800ml
Therefore Volume of Stools= 200ml.
Gland Histology Secretion %
Parotid Serous W ater 20%
Lingual Mucous Viscous 5%
Submandibular Mixed Moderate 70%
Other ------ ------ 5%
Note: Serous cells secrete Ptaylin and Mucous cell secrete mucin
No. of swallows per day 600
PH
Stomach 1-2
Duodenum 6-7
Jejunum Neutral
Pancreas 8
The normal rate of bile salt synthesis 0.2-0.4gm/day
Total bile salt pool 3.5g
Length of Small Intestine 285cm 700cm
Length of Large Intestine 100cm 150cm
Myeloid 75%
Erythroid 25%
M:E 3:1
RBC: WBC 500:1
The normal circulating blood volume 8% (5600ml)
Total WBC 4000-11000
Neutrophils 50-70%
Eosinophils 1-4%
Lymphocyte 20-40%
Monocye 2-8%
Basophil 0.4%
Erythrocye 4.8 X 10 (F)
5.2 X 10 (M)
Platelet 200000-500000
PLATELET
Diameter of Platelet 2-4 micro.
Count 300000
Half life 4 days
RBC
Diameter 7.5 micro
Thickness 2 micro
Life span 120 days
M F Unit
Hematocrit 47 42 %
RBC 5.2 4.8 X 10
Hb% 16 14 gm%
MCV 87 87 fL
MCH 29 29 pg
MCHC 34 34 %
Mean cell diameter 7.5 7.5 micro
Cells with MCV>95 are called Macrocytes,
Cells with MCV<80 are called Microcytes,
Cells with MCH<25 are called Hypochromic
Total Hb in body of a 70kg man 900gm.
Hb produced per hour 0.3gm
Hb destroyed per hour 0.3gm
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
RMP of Cardaic muscle -90 mV
CONDUCTION SPEED
SA node 0.05 m/sec
AV node 0.05 m/sec
Atria 1.0 m/sec
Bundle of his 1.0 m/sec
Ventricular Ms 1.0 m/sec
Purkinjee 4.0 m/sec
ECG INTERVALS
PR 0.18 (.12 TO .20) Atrial depolarisation and conduction through Av node
QRS 0.08 Ventricular depolarisation and atrial repolarisation
QT 0.40 Venrticular depolarisation and repolarisation
ST 0.32 i.e QT-QRS Ventricular repolarisation
Normal direction of mean QRS vector -30 to +110 degree
Left Ventricular pressure 120/80 mm of Hg
Right Ventricular pressure 24/9 mm of Hg
Stroke volume 70-90 ml
End diastolic ventricular volume 130 ml
End systolic ventricular volume 50ml
Ejection fraction 65%
Volume of Pericardial fluid 5-30 ml
The highest rate at which
ventricle can contract is 400/min
HEART SOUND
Duration Frequency
1- 0.15 sec 45Hz
2- 0.12 sec 50Hz
3- 0.1 sec
Cardiac output 5 L/min
Cardiac Index 3.2 L
Vessel Diameter % of blood vol. contained
Aorta 2.5 cm 2
Artery 0.4 cm 8
Arteriole 30 micro m 1
Capillary 5 micro m
Venule 20 micro m
Vein 0.5 cm 54
Vana Cava 3 cm
Heart 12
Pulmonary circulation 18
Total area of all the cappilaries in the body 6300 m sq.
if Reynold No. is less than 2000 then flow in non turbulent
more than 3000 then flow is always turbulent
Arm to tongue circulation time 15sec
Plasma is 1.8 times as viscous as water
Blood is 3-4 time as viscous as water
The magnitude of gravitational effect on blood is
below heart level +0.77 mm of Hg/cm
above heart level -0.77 mm of Hg/cm
Capillary pressure at arteriolar end 32mm of Hg
Capillary pressure at venous end 15mm of Hg
Amount of fluid filtred through capillaries / day 24 L (0.3% of CO)
Normal lymph flow 2-4 L/ day
CVP Normal 4.6 mm of Hg
CVP Inspiration 2mm of Hg
CVP Expiration 6 mm of Hg
Volume 150 ml
Production 550ml/day
Turnover 3.7 times a day
Lumbar CSF Pressure 70-180 mm of CSF
Avg. CSF Pressure 112 mm of CSF
pH 7.33
Chlorine, Mg, pCO2 and Creatinine are more in CSF than plasma
O2 consumption of brian is 3.5 ml/ 100 gm /min
Respiratory Quotient of Cerebral tissue 0.95-0.99
Coronary flow at rest 250ml /min (5% CO)
No. of nephrons in each kidney 1.3 million
PCT 15nm
DCT 5nm
Thin loop of Henle 2-14mm
Thick loop of Henle 12mm
Collecting duct 20mm
Total length 45-65mm
% of cortical nephrons 85
% of medullary nephrons 15
Total area of glomerular capillary
edothelium across which filtration 0.8 m sq
takes place
Total surface of renal cappilary 12m sq.
Total surface of renal tubule 12m sq.
Volume of blood in renal capillary 30-40 ml.
Blood flow to kidney 1.2-1.3 L/min ( 25% of CO)
Effective renal plasma flow 625 ml/min.
Actual renal plasma flow 700 ml/min.
Renal blood flow 1273 ml/min.
GFR 125 ml/min
7.5 L/ hr.
180 L/ day
Filtration fraction = GFR/ Renal plasma flow= 125/625= 0.2
Amount of protein in urine < 100mg/day
Substance Excretion milieq/ day
Urea 410
Na 150
Cl 150
K 90
HCO 0
Glucose 0
Creatinine 12
Uric acid 5
The rate at which Glucose is filtered 100mg/min
Transport maximum for Glucose 375 mg/min (M)
300 mg/min (F)
Renal threshold for arterial plasma 200mg
for venous plasma 180mg
Water absorption across the nephron
The volume of fluid filtred 180L
per day..
PCT
Thin limb
DCT
Collecting duct
Cortical
Medullary
|
65%
15%
5%
10%
4.7%
-------
99.75 |
Therefore 0.3% appears as urine
Volume of urine per day is 1L
The max. rate at which urine can be produced = 16ml/min.
The first urge to void is felt at bladder volume 150ml
Marked sense of fullness 400ml
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
Respiratory rate 12-15/min
Amount of O2 entering the body 250ml/min
Amount of CO2 leaving the body 200ml/min
Cross sectional area of Trachea 2.5cm sq.
Cross sectional area of alveoli 11800 cm sq.
Total no. of alveoli 300 million.
Area of contact between
aleovlar wall 70m sq.
and capillaries
Intrapleural pressure, rest -2.5 mm of Hg
Intrapleural pressure, inspiration -6 mm of Hg
Intrapleural pressure, forced Ins -30 mm of Hg
IRV 3.3 1.9
TV 0.5 0.5
ERV 1.0 0.7
RV 1.2 1.1
TLC 6.0 4.2
Respiratory minute volume 6l/min
Alveolar ventilation 4.2l/min
Maximan voluntary ventilation 125-170l/min
Timed vital capacity 83% 94% 97%
Work of quiet breathing 0.5kg m/min
Maximal work of breathing 10 kg m/breath
Compliance (V/P change) 0.2 l/cm of H20
Distance moved by diapragm 1.5 cm to 7 cm
Dead space 150 ml
Diffusing capacity 25ml/min/mm of Hg ( CO)
Pulmonary artey pressure 24/9 mm of Hg
Volume of blood in pulmonary 1 L
artery
Mean velocity of blood in the root of Pul. artery 40cm/s
Mean velocity of blood in the root of Aorta 40cm/s
Time taken by RBC to travel Pul. cappilary 0.75 sec
exercise 0.3 sec
Ventilation/ Perfusion ratio = 4.2/5.5 = 0.8
When an individual lies down
Pul bld. flow increases by 400ml
1gm of Hb contains 1.34ml of O2 ( sat 100%)
15gm of Hb contains 20.1 ml of O2 ( sat 100%)
15gm of Hb contains 19.8 ml of O2 ( sat 97%)
Of 49 ml of CO2 in each dl of arterial blood
2.6 ml is dissolved
2.6 ml is in carbamino compd.
43.8 ml is in HCO3
CIRCULATION
BLOOD FLOW PER 100 gm/min ml/min
Brain 54ml 750
Kidney 420ml 1273
Liver 57ml 1500
Carotid body 2000ml
Whole body 8.6 ml 5400
There is no stimulation of Carotid body 60mm of Hg.
unless PO2 is less than
Blood flow per min in Lung 5.5L/min (rest)
Blood flow per min in Lung 20-35L/min (exercise)
CYANOSIS
Reduced Hb > 5gm%
CyanomethHb > 1.5gm%
SulphamethHb > 0.5gm%
At 3000m above Sea level alveolar PO2 is 60 mm of Hg
Rise in temperature of 1 degree C = increase in CO2 by 13%
|
