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Computer Programming
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Computer programming (often shortened to programming or coding)
is the process of writing, testing, and maintaining the source
code of computer programs. The source code is written in a
programming language. This code may be a modification of
existing source or something completely new. The process
of writing source code requires expertise in many different
subjects, including knowledge of the application domain and
algorithms to implement the desired behavior. Within software
engineering, programming (the implementation) is regarded as
one phase in a software development process.
There is an ongoing debate on the extent to which the writing
of programs is an art or an engineering discipline
Another ongoing debate is the extent to which the programming
language used in writing programs affects the form that the
final program takes. This debate is analogous to that
surrounding the Sapir Whorf hypothesis in linguistics.
In Matrix, there has been said.. " Programs hacking programs"
. Can You imagine about this progam with A.I. which is hacking programs..
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History of Programming
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The earliest programmable machine (that is, a machine that
can adjust its capabilities based upon changing its "program")
can be said to be the Jacquard Loom, which was developed in 1801.
The machine used a series of pasteboard cards with holes punched
in them. The hole pattern represented the pattern that the
loom had to follow in weaving cloth. The loom could produce
entirely different weaves using different sets of cards.
This innovation was later refined by Herman Hollerith of IBM
in the development of the famous IBM punch card. These were
used with a variety of machines called unit record equipment
to perform data processing tasks. The unit record equipment
were programmed by changing the wiring of plug-boards.
Early computers used similar programming methods.
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N Queens Problem
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The queen of problems. N queens problem.
If you are a computer science student, you must have
heard about n queens problem and probably solved that too ..
and this C programme does that.. but.. this programme
does it in quick time.. and for the rest.. just look at the code :) ..
int v,i,j,k,l,s,a[99];
main()
{
for(scanf(”%d”,&s);
*a-s;v=a[j*=v]-a[i],
k=i
” #Q”[l^v?(l^j)&1:2])&&++
l||a[i]
&&!(l%=s),v||(i==j?
a[i+=k]=0:++a[i])
>=s*k&&++a[–i]);
printf(”\n\n”);
}
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Creator of C++
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Bjarne Stroustrup
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Programs in C & C++
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The time now is :
All times are GMT + 5.5 Hours
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| What is C++ ?
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Released in 1985, C++ is an object-oriented programming language created
by Bjarne Stroustrup. C++ maintains almost all aspects of the C language,
while simplifying memory management and adding several features - including
a new datatype known as a class (you will learn more about these later)
- to allow object-oriented programming. C++ maintains the features of C
which allowed for low-level memory access but also gives the programmer
new tools to simplify memory management.
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| What is C++ used for?
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C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to create
small programs or large applications. It can be used to make CGI scripts or
console-only DOS programs. C++ allows you to create programs to do almost
anything you need to do. The creator of C++, Bjarne Stroustrup, has put
together a partial list of applications written in C++.
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| C & C++
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C++ is the evolved version of C. C++ supports OOPS concept,
but still C has its advantage. It is considerd one of the most
powerful languages. The pointer is so well handeled that it has great advantages
but if some mistake occur, then there may be a blunder mistake.
Still C questions are asked in interviews because, its the fundamental language and
every programer must know it!
Big companies hire C programmers, be it shell programming or software development
it can be used anywhere.
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| How Do SEARCH ENGINES Work?
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Search Engines for the general web (like all those listed above)
do not really search the World Wide Web directly. Each one searches
a database of the full text of web pages selected from the billions
of web pages out there residing on servers. When you search the web
using a search engine, you are always searching a somewhat stale
copy of the real web page. When you click on links provided in a
search engine's search results, you retrieve from the server the
current version of the page.
Search engine databases are selected and built by computer robot
programs called spiders. Although it is said they "crawl" the web
in their hunt for pages to include, in truth they stay in one place.
They find the pages for potential inclusion by following the links
in the pages they already have in their database (i.e., already "know about").
They cannot think or type a URL or use judgment to "decide" to go
look something up and see what's on the web about it.
If a web page is never linked to in any other page, search engine
spiders cannot find it. The only way a brand new page - one that
no other page has ever linked to - can get into a search engine is
for its URL to be sent by some human to the search engine companies
as a request that the new page be included. All search engine
companies offer ways to do this.
After spiders find pages, they pass them on to another computer
program for "indexing." This program identifies the text, links,
and other content in the page and stores it in the search engine
database's files so that the database can be searched by keyword
and whatever more advanced approaches are offered, and the page will
be found if your search matches its content.
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