|
k]l/;df
r/}j]lt === r/}j]lt ===
ONof
e6/fO{
dfr{
nfu]b]lv ;f/f a]nfot 5'�Ldo x'Fbf]/x]5 . pgLx� jif{lbgel/
d/]/ v6\g] clg dfr{ / clk|n dlxgfel/df cfk"mnfO{ ;'ljwf x'g],
cg's'n x'g] a]nf kf/]/ cfk\mgf] km';{b cg';f/ Ps dlxgf,
kGw|lbg jf ;ftlbg, cfk\mgf] uR5] cg';f/ ;'b"/ ljb]z, cfk\mg}
5]p5fpsf o'/f]k]nL b]z jf cfk\mg} 7fpFdf 3'Dg hfg] ubf{/x]5g\
. of] pgLx�sf] k/Dk/f g} xf] /] .
tL
a]nfx�df hf] e]l6P klg cf}krfl/s s'/fsfgLkl5 5'�Ls} s'/f
p7fOxfNy] . k'u]/ cfpg]x� cfk"m uPsf 7fpF, cfk"mn] u/]sf /dfOnf,
b]v]sf gf}nf s'/f, ef]u]sf /f]df~r, kfPsf 1fg cflbaf/] s'/f
uy]{ eg] lgs6 eljiod} hfg]x� cf�gf ;+efljt ofqf jf eg'F
5'�Laf/] of]hgf agfpFy], 5nkmn uy]{ / To;df pT;flxt x'Gy] .
o:t}
jftfj/0fsf] /�df /�dl�P/ xfdL klg 5'�Ldf st} 3'Dg hfg]
of]hgf agfpg yfn]sf lyof}+ .
bLksHo"sf]
sf];{ ;lsP/ pxfF y]l;; n]Vg z'? ug{ nfUg' ePsf] lyof] .
lbgx'F o'lgel;{6L hfg' gkg]{ ePsf]n] cf�gf] Jo:ttfaf6 s]xL
;do lgsfNg pxfF sl:;g' ePsf]lyof] . a]nfot;Dd k'lu;s]sf]
cf�gf] kl/jf/nfO{ -ljz]if dnfO{_ o'/f]k 3'dfpg'k5{ eGg]
pxfFnfO{ nfu]sf]lyof] . pxfF cfk"mnfO{ eg] 3'Dgdf p:tf] rfv
5}g .
To;sf/0f
xfdLnfO{ klg 5'�Lsf] ;Ddf]xgn] tflg;s]sf] lyof] . xfdL klg
cf�gf] labf sxfF / s;/L uP/ dgfpg] eg]/ 5nkmn ub}{ cfglGbt
x'g yfln;s]sf lyof}+ .
a]nfotdf
ToxfFsf pBf]ux�n] cfk\mgf pTkfbgsf k|rf/sf]nflu tL pTkfbgsf
:ofDknx� -gd"gfx�_ ToxfFsf 3/3/df lbg] ub{5g\ . ToxfFsf
3/x�sf cufl8sf] 9f]sfdf lr7L kqklqsf l5/fpg] Kjfnx� /flvPsf
x'G5g\ . ltg} Kjfnaf6 ;fa'g, :ofDk', nf];gx� nufot vfg]
lkpg] ;fdu|Lx� k|foMh;f] 3/leq cfO/x]sf x'Gy] . To;/L
l;Q}+df kfPsf k|rf/sf ;fdfu|Lx�n] g} Pp6f JolQmn] cfk\mgf]
b}lgs cfjZostf k"/f ug{;Sg] h:tf] x'Fbf]/x]5 .
ltg} lagf
cg'dlt 3/leq k|j]z ug]{ tTjx� dWo] ljleGg ;fdfgsf Sof6nux�
tyf ljleGg ljifosf a|]f;/x� lgs} w]/} x'Gy] .
tL
a|f];/x�df ljleGg sDkgLn] cfk\mgf Kofs]h6"/x�sf cfsif{s
of]hgfx� k|:t't u/]sf lyP . xfdL ToxL x]/]/ cfk\mgf] ;Defljt
ofqfaf/] of]hgf agfpg yfn]sf lyof}+ . xfdL cfk}m+n]
cfkm\gf] of]hgf agfP/ cfk"mnfO{ dgnfu]sf 7fpFx�df hfg] ls jf
s'g} Kofs]h6"/sf] ;b:o eO{ lagf s'g} kL/lrGtf 5'�Ldf hfg]
eGg] ljifodf uDeL/ bf]wf/df lyof}+ . t/ sltko Kofs]h6"/x�
cfk\mgf] vNtLn] gEofpg] lyof] eg] sltko Kofs]h 6"/x� cfk"m
hfg rfx]sf] 7fpFdf ghfg] lyP . sltdf k};f, dxFuf] lyof] t
sltdf ;do Psbd} sd lyof] .
o;/L
k9fOaf6 Ps}l5g km';{b x'g]lalQs} xfdL ltg} a|f];/x� aLrdf
/fVYof}+, o'/]fksf] gSzf kN6fpFYof}+ / sxfFsxfF hfg], s;/L
hfg] clg ToxfF slt ;do latfpg]5f}+ egL of]hgf agfP/ a:Yof}+
.
cGTodf
xfdLn] Kofs]h6"/s} dfWodaf6 o'/f]ksf] e|d0f ug]{ lgwf]
u�of}+ .
h'g
Kofs]h6"/sf] cGtu{t xfdL 3'Dghfg vf]lh/x]sf lyof+}, ToxL
Kofs]h 6"/ dfk{mt\ xfd|f l5d]sL, bLksHo"sf sIffsf dn]l;og
;fyL /lxd cf�gf dn]l;og ;fyLx�;Fu o'/f]ksf ljleGg 7fpF 3'd]/
nkma/f kms]{/ cfP . xfdL klg ;f]xL 6"/ cGtu{t 3'Dg hfg
nfu]sf] yfxf kfP/ pgn] To; 6"/ cGtu{t hfFbf ;dosf] aGb]hsf
sf/0fn] cfk"mnfO{ dgnfu]sf] 7fpF hfg gkfPsf] tyf x]g{
dgnfu]sf s'/fx� c3fpFhL x]g{ gkfPsf] s'/f u/] / bLksHo"nfO{
Kofs]h 6"/ cGtu{t ghfg ;Nnfx lbP .
o;/L
xfdLn] Kofs]h 6"/sf] ljrf/nfO{ TofuL cf�g} lx;fan] o'/f]ksf
s]xL b]z 3'Dg hfg] lgwf] u�of}+ .
ca hfg]
s;/L / s]af6 < o'/f]/]ndf ljBfyL{ ;'ljwf kfP/ hfg kfP t lgs}
;:tf]df o'/f]k 3'Dg kfOg] /x]5 . t/ bLksHo" ljBfyL{ ePtf klg
ljBfyL{ ;'ljwf kfpg] pd]/sf] g]6f] sfl6;Sg' ePsfn] pQm
/]nofqf, Ps t k"/f k};f ltg'{kbf{ lgs} dxFuf] kg]{ bf];|f]
klxn] g} cf/If0f gul/Psf] x'Fbf l:nk/ gkfO{ a;L�a;L ofqf
ug'{kg]{ . aRrfx� lnP/ o;/L ofqf ug{ ufx|f] x'g] x'Fbf
xfdLn] Tof] ljrf/nfO{ Toflulbof}+ .
olt
ubf{ub}{ Plk|nsf] cfwfcfwL klg eO;s]5 . Plk|nsf] t];|f]
xKtfsf] s'g} Pp6f tfl/vdf xfdL nkma/faf6 laxfg P3f/ ah]sf]
n08g hfg] gLnf] 6�]g r9\of}+ .
a]nfotdf
;do cg';f/ pxL 6�]gnfO{ gLnf], /ftf], xl/of], kx]+nf]
gfds/0f u/L ;f]xL cg';f/ l6s6sf] k};f tf]lsg] /x]5 . Hofb}
Jo:t a]nf tyf lbgx�df l6s6 dxFuf tyf v's'nf] a]nf / lbgx�df
l6s6 cfw} ;:tf x'g] /x]5g\ . h:t} ;f]daf/ jf z'qmaf/, laxfg
gf}ah] / ;fFem kfFrah] l6s6 c;fWo} dxFuf] xF'bf]/x]5 .
zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/ P3f/ ah] b]lv rf/ah];Dd jf /flt cf7ah]kl5
l6s6 lgs} ;:tf]df kfpg ;lsg] /x]5 . 6\ofS;Lsf] klg oxL rng
/x]5 . km]l/ 6�]gsf] PstkmL{ jf b'O{tkmL{ ef8fdf klg s]xL
?lkofF dfq}sf] sdL x'g] x'gfn] dflg;x� k|foM b'OtkmL{
l6s6g} lsGbf /x]5g\ .
cF t,
xfdL P3f/ ah]sf] gLnf] 6�]g r9L nueu Ps 306f kGw| ldg]6df
n08gsf] d'Vo /]nj] :6];g ;]G6 Kofgqm�fhdf plqof}+ . ToxfFaf6
d]6�f]] r9]/ leS6f]l/of :6];g uof}+ . To; :6];gsf] ljzfn
xnsf] Pp6f a]Grdf a:g nufO{ bLksHo" cfk"mn] l6s6 lsg]sf]
k|mfG; hfg] a;af/] a'em\g ToxLFsf] 6�fen Ph]G6sxfF hfg'eof]
. d pn]{sf] dfgj ;d'b|df rsrs] pd]/sf b'O{ ca'em ;Gtfgx�nfO{
Rofk]/ ql;t x'Fb} al;/x]F . x'gklg o;f] cfFvf lemldSs eof]
eg] Tof] dfgj e]ndf cNdlnP/ tL afnvx� x/fpg If0fe/} gnfUg]
lyof] .
xhf/f}+
c6fpg] Tof] ljzfn xndf Psk6sdf em08} tLg�rf/ xhf/ dfG5]
x'Gy] xf]nfg\ . ToxfF ePsf dh:t} s]xL k|ltzt l:y/ ePsfafx]s
c? ;a} rnfodfg lyP . ToxfF v} sltj6f lyP s'lGg :jrflnt tyf
:yfoL e�of�af6 cfpg]�hfg] ul//x]sf lyP tL ;a} .
ToxLF glhs}
a;:6];g /x]5 . t/ k|mfG; hfg] a; kfFrah] dfq k|:yfg ug]{
ePsf]n] xfdL;Fu ;do k|z:t lyof] . :6];gaflx/sf] kfs{df
lxF8\b} k'Uof}+ / ToxL+ al;/x\of}+ . cf]xf] � lg?2]Zo a;fO{
/ s'/fO{ slt emsf]{nfUbf] x'g]/x]5, ToxLF a;]/ yfxf eof] .
38Lsf] l;of] slxNo} g;g]{ . st} 3'df}+ eg] klg emf]nf
em\ofD6f lnP/ ;Lldt ;dosfnflu lg?2]Zo stf hfg] <
kfFr ah]
nSh/L k|]mGr sf]rdf r9]/ k|mfG; hfgsf] nflu 8f]e/tkm{ k|:yfg
u�of}+ . a; ;f�x} cf/fdbfoL lyof] . a;d} 6\jfOn]6 ePsf]
;'g]sf] dfq lyPF, Tof] a; To:t} /x]5 . t/ 8�fOe/ eg] lgs}
5'Rrf] lyof] .
a;af6
u'8\b} hfFbf af6f] 5]psf] ;+s]tkf6Ldf 3/L3/L jf6/n', n]v]sf]
b]v]+ . jf6/n'n] dnfO{ ctLtsf] To; sfnv08sf] sNkgfdf
8'afO/xof] ha g]kf]lnogn] a]nfotLx�;Fu o'4 n8]sf lyP .
kl5
jf6/n'sf] af6f]nfO{ b]a|] kfb}{ xfd|f] a; 8f]e/ tkm{
x'OFlsof] .
8f]e/af6
km]/L r9]/ O�ln; Rofgn kf/u/L xfdLnfO{ k|mfG; k'Ug'k/]sf]
lyof] .
aQLsf]
lemlnldnLdf 8f]e/ lgs} cfsif{s b]lvGYof] . ToxfF a;af6 pqL
s:6ddf cf�cfkm\gf kf;kf]6{x� hfFru/fpg'kbf]{ /x]5 .
8f]e/b]lv
k|mfG;sf] �Sofn]� ;Ddsf] ofqf a;n] tyf xfdL ofqLn] Pp6}
km]/Lsf] a]Unfa]Un} v08df a;L ;DkGg u�of}+ . km]/Ldf xfdL
dflyNnf] tnf -xn_ df lyof}+ eg] a;n]rflxF To;sf] ;a} eGbf
tNnf] v08df a:g kfof] . oxfF To;sf ;fyLx� cGo 7"N7"nf a; tyf
hLk, sf/ u/L kRrL;f}+ uf8L lyP .
laxfg
;ftah]lt/ a; k]l/; k'Uof] . /flt t ofb ul/Pg t/ ljxfgLkv
hLjgdf klxnf]kN6
Right Hand Side
sf] 8�fOle�df kl/+bf ;fx|} c;lhnf] s] �s] gldn]sf] h:tf]
nfUof] .
Psflaxfg}
a;af6 t plqof}+, t/ stf hfg] yfxf 5}g . Plk|n dlxgfsf]
k]l/;sf] laxfgL klg 7s7sL hf8f]nfUg] x'Fbf]/x]5 . TolQv]/
k;nx� ;a} g} aGb lyP . k|m]Grdf n]lvPsf ;fOgaf]8{x� s]xL
a'lemFb}g . O�ln;df st} s]xL n]lvPsf] lyPg . s;};Fu s]xL
;f]Wg vf]Hbf To:tf] hfaf] O�ln; xfdL a'em\b}gf}+ klg /
af]Nb}gf}+ klg eGg] kf/fn] x]k]sf] efjdf d'G6f] a6fy]{ .
a;:6kaf6
lxF8\b} hfFbf s]xL cufl8 xfd|f] ljzfn ahf/ cufl8sf]
h'4zD;]/sf] ;flns ePsf] uf]nf] 7fpF h:t} t/ Tof] eGbf afx|,
kGw| u'gf 7"nf] :Sjfo/ -rf]s_ df k'Uof}+ . ^, & j6f af6fx�
cfP/ ldl;g], jl/kl/ l/�} ;8sn] 3'd]sf] uf]nf] rf]ssf] aLrdf
7"nf] vDaf lyof] / vDafsf] dfly ;'gsf] hnk nufPsf] kv]6fo'Qm
afnssf] cfs[lt ePsf] ;f] 7fpF k]l/;sf] k|l;4 afl:6nL :Sjfo/
/x]5 .
la:tf/}
Pp6f, b'O6f k;n v'n] / xfdL plePs} 5]psf] skmL k;n klg
v'Nof] . Tof] v'Ng] lalQs} g]kfnsf]h:t} ToxfF klg 5]p5fpsf
dflg;x� skmL lkpg hDdf eP . k'tnL v]Ng]h:tf] ;fgf] skdf,
uf9f, tLtf] / tftf,] t/ rf/;'sf]{ d} l/lQg] skmL vfof}++ clg
k};f ltbf{ rflxF 9f8} ;]sfof}+ .
la:tf/}
km'6kfy] k;nx� klg v'n] . ltg} dWo] Pp6faf6 bLksHo"n] k]l/;
;x/sf] gSzf lsGg'eof] / ;f]xL gS;fsf] cfwf/df 6\ofS;L lnP/
YMCA
sf] xf]:6ndf uof}+ . ToxfF hfg' dfq} eof] sf]7f vfnL /x]g5 .
ToxfF a:g kfPsf] eP lgs} ;:tf]df a:g kfOGYof] .
xfd|f]
;d:of a'em]/ 6\ofS;L 8�fOe/n] a|]8 P08 a|]skmf:6jfnf Pp6f
dWod:t/Lo nhdf xfdLnfO{ k'�ofOlbof] . ToxfFsf] a;fO{
;'ljwfhgs g}
lyof] .
laxfgsf]
a]|skmfi6 vfO{ s]xLa]/ ysfOdf/]kl5 k]l/;nfO{ k}bn gfKg]
xfd|f] ofqf z'? eof] . 5f]/f]nfO{ 8f]�ofpFb} / 5f]/LnfO{
u'8fpFb} xfdL lxF8\of} k]l/; 3'Dg .
efiffsf]
;d:ofn] ubf{ a; klg r9\g gkfOg] / d]6�f] klg r9\g gkfOg] .
s;};Fu s]xL ;f]wf}+ eg] sf]xL cFu|]hL af]Nb}gaf]Ng] .
6\ofS;L r9f}+ vNtLn] glbg] t}klg a]nfavt 6\ofS;L gr9L cGo
pkfo} ePg . gSzf x]b}{ lxF8\b} xfdL �xf]6n bf leNn]� k'Uof}+
. klxn]sf ;d|f6x�sf] b/jf/nfO{ clxn] gu/kflnsf ejg agfOPsf]
/x]5 . cufl8 ljzfn rf]s / kmf]x/f ePsf] �xf]6n bf leNn]�
k]l/;df ko{6sx�sf] k|l;4 uGtJo:yn /x]5 .
ToxfF
k'Ug' eGbf klxnf dnfO{ �xf]6n bf leNn]� af/] s]xL yfxf lyPg,
xfdL TolQs} ToxfF k'u]sf lyof}+, t/ To;kl5sf] xfd|f] bf];|f]
uGtJo ;+;f/s} k|l;4 gf]q]bfd rr{ lyof] .
gf]q]bfd
rr{sf] rrf{ ;s] d}n] cfkm\gf] afNosfnb]lv g} ;'g]sL lyPF .
bfh'sf] -lktfhLsf]_ o'/f]k e|d0fkl5 pxfFn] c?;Fu u/]sf s'/f
x'g\ jf ToxL rr{sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df n]lvPsf] s'g} pkGof;sf]
rrf{ ubf{ xf], d}n] pxfFsf] d'vaf6 Tof] rr{sf]af/] lgs}
;'g]sL lyPF . kl5 ;f] rr{af/] >L af�\b]nHo"sf] n]v xf] jf
cGo s;}sf] n]v k9]/ xf] d]/f] dgdf pQm rr{k+|lt Pp6f k|an
cfsif{0f knfPsf] /x]5, h'g s'/f] dnfO g} yfxf lyPg .
xfdL
hlthlt gf]q]bfdlt/ a9\b} lyof}+, d]/f] dgdf /f]df~r, v';L
tyf pQ]hgf klg a9\b} lyof] . s] d]/f kfOnfx�n] ;+;f/k|l;4
gf]q]bfdsf] e"O{+nfO{ :kz{ ug]{ g} eP t < s] gf]q]bfdsf]
k|l;l4leq dklg x/fpg] ePF t < gf]q]bfdsf] /f]df~rnfO{ d klg
ef]Ug] ePF t < d]/f] Toqf] efUo 5 t < Toltv]/ d ;fFlRrs}
p�]lnt, pQ]lht / /f]dfl~rt lyPF .
gf]q]bfd
d]/f] cfFvf cufl8 lyof] . To;sf] ;'Gb/tfn] eGbf klg
;+;f/k|l;4 7fpF, cfk"mn] slxn] k|ToIf �kdf b]Vg klg kfpFnf /
< eGg] h:tf] 7fpFdf cfk"m ;z/L/ pkl:yt x'g kfPsf] cfgGb /
pQ]hgfn] dnfO{ k5\ofO/x\of] To;}n] xf]nf t'?Gt} rr{ leq
k'luxfNg d]/f] dgn] xtf/ u/]g . ;/f;/ leq k;]/ d To;k|lt
cfk"mdf ePsf] cfsif{0f, /x:o, /f]df~rnfO{ t'?Gt ;]nfpg lbg
rfxGg lyPF .
gf]q]bfd
cf�gf] jf:t'snf tyf ToxfF leqsf em\ofnx�df k|of]u ul/Psf
/+uLg sfFrsf df]Hofsx��f/f agfOPsf a'�fx�sf] ;'Gb/tfsf]nflu
k|Voft /x]5 . d"n�f/af6 k:g] lalQs}sf] dftf d]/Lsf] cfs[lt
agfOPsf] /+uLg sfFrsf] df]Hofs em\ofnsf ;fy} sfFrsf] df]Hofs
snfsf] pTs[i6 gd"gfsf �kdf /x]sf ToxfFsf ljleGg u'nfkm
em\ofn
(Rose Window)
x� ;fFlRrs} lrQfsif{s /x]5g\ .
rr{el/ g}
afOansf syfx� ;d]l6Psf k|m]:sf] tyf Do"/nx� lyP . elg/xg
k/f]Og tL lrqsnfsf pTs[i6 gd"gf lyP . efiffn] wf]sf lbof],
To;}n] a'em\g ;lsPg, t/ x'g;S5 tL snfx�df lnof]gfbf]{ bf
leGrLsf s"rL bf}l8Psf xf]pg\ jf x'g ;S5 ltgLx�df dfOsn
PGh]nf]sf kl;gf 5l/Psf xf]pg\ .
a]nfotsf
cGo rr{ h:t} gf]q]bfd klg dnfO{ cFWof/f], eofjx, /x:on]
el/Psf] h:tf], Toltsf /f]rs s'/fx� ePtfklg lghL{j�lghL{j
h:tf] ps';d's'; x'g] h:tf] nfUof] . lhh;nfO{ qm;df sLnf
7f]sL df/]sf] jLeT;tfn] d]/f] dgdf Ps k|sf/sf] 8/ tyf cft�n]
To:tf] efjgf l;h{gf u/fPsf] x'g ;S5 .
h]xf];\,
gf]q]bfd rr{ x]/]kl5 ;++;f/k|l;4 Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ :yfg
x]/]sf]df dg ;Gt'i6 / t[Kt eO/x\of] .
rr{sf]
cufl8sf] af6f]af6 xfdL afofFtkm{ nfUof}+ / Pp6f k'ndf
k'Uof}+ . ToxL k'naf6 xfdL k]l/;sf] d'6'df aUg] k]l/;sf]
9's9'sL egf}+ ls s] eg'F l;g]gbL t�of}+ . lstfadf k9]sf]
l;g]gbLnfO{ cfFvfn] k|ToIf b]Vg kfpFbf dnfO{ tL gbLnfO{ dftf
eg]/ gd:sf/ ug{ dg nfu]/ cfof] . dg'iosf] hLjgnfO{ l;l~rt
ug]{ gbL hxfF;'s}sL xf]pg\ tL xfd|L dftf x'g\ . To;sf/0f
hxfFsL ePklg gbL >4]o x'lG5g\, cfb/0fLo x'lG5g\, eg] tL t
k|b"if0fd'Qm �l;g]� gbL lyOg\, hf] k]l/;sL s07xf/ x'g\ . hf]
k|mfG;sL uxgf x'g\ . dnfO{ yfxf 5}g k]l/;df aUg kfP/ l;g]
gbL k'nlst l5g\ cyjf l;g] gbLnfO{ cfkm\gf] 5ftLdf aufpg kfP/
k]l/; ;x/ s[ts[To ePsf]5 .
l;g]
gbLnfO{ bflxg] kfb}{ xfd|f] k}bnofqf hf/L /x\of] . bflxg]kl�
l;g] gbLdf kf/bzL{ sfFrn] 5]p5fp tyf dflyaf6 df]l/Psf, a;df
h:t} bfofF afofF nx/} l;6x� /flvPsf em08} %), ^) hgf c6fpg]
8'�fx� ko{6snfO{ k]l/;sf] b[Zofjnf]sg u/fpFb} ljzfnsfo
/hxfF; em} ;nNn aUb} u/]sf b]lvGy] . /flt lemlnldln aQL
an]sf tL 8'�fx� dfG5]nfO{ /ftdf To;df nf]enfUbf] ofqf ug{
pTk|]l/t u/fpg ;fFRrLs} ;Ifd lyP .
TolQv]/
xfd|f] uGtJo ljZjk|l;4 Plkmn 6fj/ g} lyof] . Plkmn 6fj/af/]
k9]sL lyPF, l;g]dfdf x]/]sL lyPF t/ cg]sf}+ Hof]ltifLn]
ljZjf; lbnfPsf] kmn:j�k ljb]z e|d0fsf] of]u} gePsf]
xTs]nf]sf sf/0f ljb]z e|d0fsf] cfzfnfO{ dgaf6 h/}b]lv pv]n]/
kmfln;s]sL x'Fbf hLjgdf slxNo} cfkm\g} cfFvfn] k|ToIf Plkmn
6fj/ x]g{ kfpFnf, cfkm\g} xftn] To;nfO{ :kz{ ug{ kfpFnf jf
cfkm\g} v'�fn] To;sf] afb{nLdf 6]Sb} ToxfFaf6 ;Dk"0f{
k]l/;sf]] ljx�d b[ZonfO{ cfkm\gf] dgdf ;d]6\g kfpFnf eGg]
s'/f] d}n] dl:tisaf6 cfkmln;s]sL lyPF .
t/
Tolta]nf d lxF8\b} lyPF pxL d]/f] cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb| Plkmn
6fj/nfO{ e]6\g . lxF8\b} hfFbf bflxg]kl� kfl/ u'Dahdf
;'gf}nf] hnk nfPsf] ljzfn ejg b]lvof], h'g k]l/;sf] k|l;4
Do'lhod /x]5 . k]l/;nfO{ km]l/ Gjf/g ug'{ k�of] eg]
Do'lhodx�sf] ;x/ eg] x'g] /x]5 . k|To]s 3/x� g} Do'lhod
/x]sf h:tf .
k]l/;sf
k|foM ;a} df]Go'd]G6x�sf lzv/sf u'Dah x'g\ jf JolQm jf cGo
cfs[lt x'g\, ltgdf ;'gf}nf] hnk nufOPsf] x'Fbf]/x]5 .
a]nfotsf]
t'ngfdf ;8sdf /f]n/:s]6df u'8\g] rng k]l/;sf o'jju{df lgs}
/x]5 . a]nfotdf kmf�k'm� b]lvg] Tof] rng k]l/;sf km'6kfy jf
rf]s -:Sjfo/_x�df 5\ofK5\ofKtL b]lvGy] . tL :s"n, sn]h klg
;s] /f]n/:s]6 d} u'8]/ hfFbf x'g\ ls <
lxF8\b}
hfFbf Pp6f xfO/fOh lalN8� -:sfO :qm\ofk/_ sf] k5fl8af6
t]nsf;f v]Nbf 8'd ;dfltP em}+ em\ofKk} cufl8 g} cfOk'Uof]
Plkmn 6fj/ . x'g klg olQ cUnf] 6fj/ s;/L n'Sg ;s]sf] xf]nf <
TolQ 6f9faf6 lxF8\b} cfPsf xfdL t/ o;sf] 6'Kkf]sf] emNofs\
em'n's\ st} s]xL 7Dofpg ;s]sf] xf]Og .
h] xf];\
Plkmn 6fj/ cufl8 lyof] . d cfkm}+df rlst, cfkm}+df ljl:dt
lyPF . s] ;fFRr} d ljkgfd} Plkmn 6fj/sf] ghLs 5' t <
kmf]6f]x�df x]bf{, l;g]dfdf b]Vtf, d}n] To; 6fj/sf]d'lg ;8s
/x]sf] eG7fg]sL lyPF, t/ xf]Og /x]5 . Plkmn 6fj/ t ;8ssf]
5]p nfu]/ rp/sf] aLrdf cfkm\gf ljzfn rf/j6f v'�f c8\ofP/
plePsf] /x]5 .
rp/df
k|z:t} 3'OFrf] lyof] . 6fj/sf] dd{tsf] sfd x'Fb}/x]5 .
To;sf/0f To;sf cGo v'�fsf lnk\m6x� aGb ul/Psf /x]5g\ . Pp6f
v'�fsf] lnk\m6dfq rfn" /flvPsf] x'Fbf tn rp/df ko{6sx�sf]
x"n cf�gf] kfnf] klv{P/ a;]sf] lyof] .
xfdLnfO{
s'g} xtf/f] lyPg . a? k]6n] rf/f] vf]lh/x]sf] lyof] . ToxfF
kmf:6km'8sf k;nx� y'k|} lyP . c? s'/f] vfg' s] lyof] / � pxL
au{/, k|]mGrk|mfO{ / h'; . rp/sf] ;8skl�sf] b'O{ 5]pdf
b'O{j6f 7"N7"nf ;'Gtnf / :ofp /flvPsf lyP . vfFb} xfdL Tot}
nfUof} . tL jf:tjdf ;'Gtnf jf :ofpsf /; a]Rg] k;n lyP .
xfdLn] ;'Gtnfsf] k;naf6 h'; Ps�Ps lunf; lnof}+ .
======
gDa/ b]lv ======== gDa/ ;Ddsf JolQmx� s[kof lnkm\6df
hfg'xf];\ eGg] pb\3f]if0f ;'g]/ xfdL So"df nfu]sf lyof}+ .
#), $) hgf c6\g] sf]7fhq} /x]5 lnk\m6 t . rfn s:tf] eg]
lnkm\6 prflnP/ %&=^# ld6/ cUnf], klxnf] tnfdf k'u]sf] kQ}
ePg . lnkm\6 v'Nof], Tof] tNnfdf 3'Dof}+ . ToxfF ljleGg
k;nx� /x]5g\ . ToxfFsf] afb{nLaf6 rf/}lt/ 3'd]/ k]l/;nfO{
lgofNof}+ . s]xL a]/ 3'd]kl5 km]l/ lnk\m6 r9]/ !!%=&# ld6/df
l:yt bf];|f] tNnfdf k'Uof}+ . ToxfF;Dd t t];f]{ psfnf] lyof]
. ToxfFeGbf dfly 7f8f] psfnf] /x]5 Plkmn 6fj/sf] 6'Kkf];Dd
k'Ug . t/ Toltv]/ dd{t sfo{ eO/x]sf]n] bf];|f] tNnfeGbf dfly
hfg k|j]z lgif]w ul/Psf] lyof] . dfly 6'Kkfdf k]l/;sf]
/]l8of], 6]lnlehg tyf 6]lnkmf]gsf PG6]gfx� h8fg u/L k|;f/0f
ug]{ ul/+bf] /x]5 .
bf];|f]
tNnfaf6 cfFvfn] EofpGh]n ;Ddsf] k]l/;sf] ;]/f]km]/f] dg t[Kt
x'~h]n x]/]+ . slt Jojl:yt � cJoj:yfsf] st} lrgf];Dd klg 5}g
. of]hgfa4 9�n] Jojl:yt kfl/Psf] k]l/; ;x/ 9'�f / s+ls|6sf]
afSnf] 3gf h+un xf]Og /x]5 . o;n] t zx/sf tL 7"nfb]lv ;fgf
;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfx�nfO{ cfkm\gf] xl/ofnLsf] ;Ksf]leq htg;fy
n'sfPsf] /x]5 . slt xl/of], slt ;kmf, slt dgf]/d /x]5 of]
zx/ �
TolQv]/
3fd nfu]sf]lyof] . 3fdsf] ToxL k|sfzdf 6nSs 6lNs/x]sf lyP
k]l/;sf uxgf�kL ljleGg :df/s tyf :dfl/sfx� .
bf];|f]
tnfdf klg /]i6"/]G6, kmfi6km'8sf k;n, lstfa tyf ;f]e]lgo/sf
k;n lyP . ;fx|} dxFuf ePsfn] c? s]xL lsGg tlD;Pgf}+ t/ Plkmn
6fj/d} To;sf] ;fgf] k|lt�k eg] dxu} ePklg lsGof}+ . Ps
lsl;dsf] ;Gt'li6sf] cg'e"lt ePsf] lyof] To; j]nf .
Plkmn
6fj/sf] 7Ls cufl8 ToxfFsf] k|l;4 Do'lhod / Do'lhodsf] sfvdf
ToxfFsf] k|l;4 kmf]x/f /x]5 . tL ;+uLtsf] w'gdf lah'nLsf
ljleGg k|sfzsf t/�df t/l�t x'Fb} gfRtf /x]5g\ . t/ xfdL
lbgsf] pHofnf]df ToxfF k'u]sfn] xfdLn] kmf]xf]/fsf] g[TonfO{
dfq x]g{ kfof}+ ;+uLtsf] w'g ;'Gg kfPgf}+ . ToxL kmf]x/fsf]
bflxg]kl� /f]6]lk�, d]/L uf] /fp08 cflb h:tf dgf]/~hgsf
;fwgx� lyP . To:t} Pp6f 3'Dg] hLkdf a;]/ d]/f] 5f]/f]
/dfPsf] lyof] eg] ToxfF ePsf y'k|} kmf:6km'8sf k;nx� dWo]
Pp6faf6 au{/, h'; / cfO;qmLd vfP/ xfdL t[Kt ePsf lyof}+ .
Tof] :yfg
Pp6f Do'lhodsf] kl/;/ lyof] . ToxfFaf6 nueudf kGw|, aL;
v'8lsnf] dfly ePsf] w]/} rf}8f 9'�] e�of� r9]/ xfdL Pp6f
ljzfn rf]sdf plSnof}+ . ;f]xL rf]ssf] bflxg] / b]a|]lt/ Tof]
Do'lhod /x]5 . cyf{t\ Pp6f ljzfn ejgnfO{ rf]sn] b'O{ efudf
5'6\ofPsf] /x]5 .
To;
rf]snfO{ kf/ u/]/ xfdL To;sf] csf]{kl�sf] e�of� pq]/ ;8sdf
k'U5f}+ . h'g ;8sn] xfdLnfO{ 8f]�ofpFb} To; :yndf k'�ofof]
h'g :ynn] cfh klg k|mfG;sf] ctLtsf] uf}/jufyfsf syf df}g�kdf
;'gfpFb}5 . cyf{t\ lx8\b}hfFbf em\jf� xfdL k|mfG;sf :df/sx�
dWo]sf] k|d'v dxTj af]s]sf] :df/s ljho�f/ cyf{t\ �cfs{ bf
lqDkm� k'U5f}+ . h;nfO{ n8fO{+ lht]kl5 g]kf]lnogn] cfkm\gf
;}lgsx�sf] jL/tfsf] k|z+;fsf] nflu agfpg nufPsf lyP .
;f] �f/
jf:t'snfsf] pTs[i6 pbfx/0f /x]5 . rf/}lbzfaf6 x]bf{ of] �f/
p:t} b]lvg] /x]5 . Tof] �f/af6 cf7 lbzfdf cf7j6f 9'+�f
5fk]sf] af6f] hfFbf] /x]5 . k]l/; ;x/sf w]/} af6fx�df 9'+�f]
5flkPsf] /x]5 . ;f]xL af6fx� dWo] Pp6f af6f] klxNofP/ xfdL
clu a9\of}+ . Tof] af6f]n] xfdLnfO{ k]l/;sf] d'6' cyf{t\
;fgln+h] k'�ofof] . 7"N7"nf rf}8f af6fx� em08} af6f] hlQs}
rf}8f k]6Lx�, clg k]6Ldf nueu %), %) km'6sf] km/sdf ?vx� clg
To:t} nueu @%, @% lkm6 km/sdf /x]sf sf:6 cfO/g / sf7sf
a]Grx� . k]6L;Fu} 6fFl;Psf k|mfG;sf k|l;4 k;nx� . /fltsf]
lemlnldnLdf Tof] ;8s gjjw' l;Fufl/Ph:t} ePsf] lyof] . clg
gjjw'nfO{ lgofNg ToxfF rxn�kxn ub}{ em'lDdPsf lyP k|mfG;]nL
o'jf�o'jtL, a[4 a[4f, klt�kTgL, ltgLx�sf ;Gtfg jf To:t}
To:t} JolQmx� .
ef]lnkN6
xf]6nd} a|]skmfi6 vfP/ xfdL k]l/; ;x/nfO{ ;'d;'Dofpg
lgl:sof}+ . xf]6naf6 s]xL cufl8 Pp6f ;fgf] ;8sdf lksf;f]
n]v]sf] / ToxfF tL/sf] lrgf] nufP/ Pp6f ;fgf] uNnLlt/ O;f/f
ul/Psf] b]Vof}+, xfdL t lksf;f]sf] l5d]sL eP/ kf] a;]sf
/x]5f}+ dnfO{ /dfOnf] nfUof] . efiffsf] cefjdf s'/f] /fd|/L
t a'lemPg . t/ a'em] cg';f/ lksf;f]sf] 3/nfO{ Do'lhodsf] �k
lbOPsf] /x]5 . Toqf]�Toqf] Do'lhod ePsf] 7fpFdf ;+;f/d}
k|mfG;sf] OHhtnfO{ r'nLdf k'�ofpg] lrqsnfsf] xhf/f}+ jif{sf]
Oltxf;df Pp6f gofF cfofd yKg] To:tf dxfg\ JolQm;Fu ;DalGwt
;+u|xfno slt ;fgf] h:tf] nfUof] . ;+u|xfno !)M#) ah] dfq
v'Ng] /x]5, xfdL ToxfF k'Ubf gf} dfq ah]sf] lyof], To;sf/0f
km]l/ x]g{ cfcf}+nf eg]sf] Do'lhod km]l/kl5 hfg rfFhf] ldn]g
.
Tof] lbg
;+;f/k|l;4 n'e| Do'lhod x]g{ hfg xfdL lg:s]sf lyof}+ . n'e|
xfd|f] uGtJo lyof] / n'e| k]l/;sf] k|d'v :yn tyf ko{6sx�sf]
klg k|d'v rf;f]sf] 7fpF lyof] . To;}n] xfdLn] e"ldut 6�]gaf6
hfg] lgwf] u�of}+ . ToxfF hfg xfdL cndlng] jf x/fpg] jf l6s6
lng] ck7\of/fx� lyPgg\ .
k|mfG;sf
e"ldut 6�]gx� a]nfotsf] ljk/Lt 7fpF7fpFdf e"ldsf] dflyaf6
klg u'8\bf /x]5g\ . To;} u/L z'?df e"ldut eP/kl5 b]vfk/]/
xfdL n'e| :6]zgdf cf]ln{of}+ . cf]ln{g] a]nfdf 6�]gsf] leqL
efudf /x]sf] gSzfdf cfFvf k�of] . n'e| b/jf/d} e"ldut
6�]gsf] tLgj6f :6]zgx� /x]5g\ . cf]xf] � n'e| sqf] 7"nf]
/x]5 .
ztflAbof}++clu lgld{t n'e| jf:tjdf /fhfsf] b/jf/ /x]5 . pQm
b/jf/nfO{ nueu @)) jif{ b]lv snf ;+u|xfnosf] �k lbOPsf] /x]5
. lxGb'x�sf]nflu rf/wfd eg]em,} d';ndfgx�sfnflu dSsf�dlbgf
eg]em}+, lqmlZrogx�sfnflu a]Yn]xfd ePem}+, af}4dfuL{x�sfnflu
n'lDagL ePem}+ ;+;f/el/sf d"lt{snf tyf lrqsnfsf snfsf/ tyf
snfk|]dLx�sfnflu n'e| ;+u|xfno To:t} 7"nf] tLy{:yn /x]5 .
xfdL
k'Ubf n'e| ;+u|xfnosf] k|j]z�f/ w]/} dlxgfkl5 aNnaNn
vf]lnPsf] /x]5 . lk/fld8 cfsf/sf sfFrsf 6'qmfx� hf]8]/
agfOPsf] cfsif{s k|j]z�f/ rfOlgh d"nsf cd]l/sL jf:t'sf/ >L
cfO= Pd= k]On] l8hfOg u/]sf /x]5g\ .
b/jf/sf]
k'/fgf] d"n�f/af6 leq k;]kl5 leq b/jf/sf] cufl8 lj:t[t rp/
/x]5 h;nfO{ 7fpF7fpFdf cfsif{s au}+rfsf] �k lbOPsf] lyof] .
d"n9f]sfaf6 k:g] lalQs} au}+rf, clg b/af/ . b/af/ lgs} nfdf]
. n'e| ;+u|xfnosf] b/af/d'lg e"ldut /]nsf tLgj6f :6]zg
ePs}af6 xfdL pQm b/jf/ jf ;+u|xfnosf] ljzfntfsf] cg'dfg
nufpg ;S5f}+ .
d"n
9f]sfaf6 k:tf�k:t} g} em08} xhf/hgf dflg;x�sf] nfdf] nfOg
b]v]/ bLksHo" cflQg'eof] . k';r]o/df 5f]/L /fv]/ Toqf]
nfOgdf slt~h]n pleg] clg slt~h]ndf leqsf] ;+u|xfno x]g]{
eg]/ pxfFn] dnfO{ / 5f]/fsf] nflu dfq k|j]z l6s6 lsGg' eof]
.
To:tf]
pGgt / Jojl:yt b]zdf nfOgdf w]/}a]/ pleP/ dflg;n] cfkm\gf]
cd"No ;do lsg v]/ kmfNg' kYof]{ / . Toqf] nfdf] nfOg t/ cfwf
306fkl5 h:tf]d} xfd|f] kfnf] cfOxfNof] . l6s6 a'emfP/
3'dfp/f] e�of� Ps tnf
em�of}+ .
n'e|nfO{
ljleGg ljefu cGtu{t ;ft efudf afFl8Psf] /x]5 . cfk"mnfO{
?lrnfu] cg';f/ tL/n] lbzf lgb]{zu/] cg';f/ cfk"m ;f]xL efudf
uP x'g] . ToxfF l:yt ;ft}j6f ljefu x]g{ t dlxgf}+ nfUg]
xf]nf .
n'e|
hfg'sf] d]/f] p2]Zo Pp6} lyof] ljZj k|l;4 s[lt �df]gflnhf�
x]g]{ .
df]gflnhfsf] af/]df xfd|f g]kfnL u'? >L s[i0frGb| l;+x
k|wfgHo"n] xfdL gf} sIffdf k9\bf xfdLnfO{ atfpg' ePsf] lyof]
. pxfFn] g} xfdLnfO{ df]gflnhfsf] cgdf]ntfsf s'/f
;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] . PskN6 cd]l/sfdf k|bz{gsf nflu nlu+bf
aLrsf] hxfhdf pQm lrqnfO{ /fvL jl/kl/ ;ftj6f 7"N7"nf hxfhn]
3]/]/ nu]sf] s'/f] ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] . cfk"m h'g dgl:yltdf
/x]/ pQm lrq x]l/G5 ;f] lrq klg ;f]xL dgl:yltsf] b]lvG5 eGg]
s'/f] klg xfdLn] TolQv]/} yfxf kfPsf lyof}+ .
o;/L
To:tf] cgdf]n / To:tf] ljlrqsf] lrqk|lt d]/f] dgdf w]/}
pT;'stf lyof] .kl5 s'g} Pp6f klqsfdf 5flkPsf] pQm lrqsf]
kmf]6f] b]Vtf d cljZjf;n] lhNn k/]sL lyPF . To:tf] ax'rlr{t
/ cgdf]n lrqsL df]gflnhf lsg o:tL ;fwf/0f . dnfO{ lsg�lsg
df]gflnhfsf] �k cToGt ;fwf/0f ePsf]df ;fx|} lvGgtf nfu]sf]
lyof] . d}n] pgsf] Tof] ;fwf/0f d'vd'b|fdf s'g} /x:odo
d':sfg km]nf kfg{ ;s]sL lyOg .
t}klg
cfk"mnfO{ ;fwf/0f nfu]tf klg ljZjn] c;fwf/0f 7fg]sf] To;
s[ltdf kSs} t s]xL 5 g} xf]nf eGg] efjgfn] g} dnfO{ n'e|df
8f]�ofPsf]
lyof] .
leq
dflg;sf] 3'FOrf] lyof] . clwsf++z JolQmx� df]gflnhftkm{
lgb]{z u/]sf] af6f]df nlDsPsf lyP . d klg 5f]/f]sf] xft
;dft]/ Tot}lt/ nlDsPF . Psflt/ df]gflnhfnfO{ cfk\mg} cfFvfn]
k|ToIf x]g{ kfpg nfu]sf] /fdf~r lyof] eg] csf]{lt/
sfv]5f]/LnfO{ lnP/ PSn} 3fddf em\ofp dfg]/ al;/xg' ePsf
>Ldfg\k|lt cGof}n nflu/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] 5f]/fsf] xft
;dft]/ st} gx]/L d km6fkm6 lxFl8/x]sL lyPF .
cf]xf] ��
n'e| ;+u|xfno, snfsf/x�sf nflu t ;fFlRrs} :ju{sf] gd"g} /x]5
. 6fpsf] p7fP/ x]�of] Ps;]Ps k|]m:sf]x� leQfdf To:t} cgdf]n
lrqsnfx� aLr aLrdf cg]sg d"lt{x� . Pp6f Pp6f lrqsnf, Pp6f
Pp6f d"lt{ af/] n]v]sf] k9\g tLaf/] a'em\g lgs} pT;'stf
nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ aflx/ PSn} pleg'ePsf >Ldfg\nfO{ w]/}a]/
To;/L g} /fVg d]/f] dgn] cg'dlt lb+b}gYof] . 5f]/f]nfO{ klg
k6\of/nfu]/ w]/}a]/ ToxfF nufpg dfGb}gYof] .
d]/f]
Pp6} p2]Zo lyof] df]gflnhfnfO{ x]g]{, pgnfO{ e]6\g] . Tof]
lrq x]g{df d]/f] b'O{j6f :jfy{ lyof] . o;df Ps t pgLk|ltsf]
cfkm\gf] sf}t"xntf d]6\g] . bf];|f] To:tf] ljZjk|l;4 s[lt
x]/]/ cfk"m uf}/jflGjt x'g] . x'gklg sf7df08f}+sf] d]/f]
kl/j]zdf, d]/f] ;]/f]km]/f]df sltn] df]gflnhfnfO{ k|ToIf
b]v]sf 5g\ / < o;/L c?eGbf cfk"m ljlzi6 ePsf]df cfkm}+
;Gt'i6 / t[Kt x'g kfpg] ePsf]df klg d /f]dfl~rt lyPF .
df]gflnhfsf] w'gdf Psf]xf]/f] nlDsb} hfFbf cs:dft\ d]/f]
cufl8 cfkm\gf] k"0f{ sbdf cfOk'lug\ d]/L afNofj:yf b]lvsL
lr/kl/lrt b'j} xft sfl6PsL gf/L d"lt{ �e]lg; bf ldnf]� .
ltgnfO{ cs:dft\ ToxfF b]Vg k'u]kl5 d 6f]nfPsf] 6f]nfo}+ ePF
. ljr/L ltgsf] n'uf v:g} cfF6]sf] 5 t/ tL v:g nfu]sf cfk\mgf
n'ufx� ldnfP/ ltgL cfk\mgf] nfh pbf� x'g'af6 hf]ufpg ;lStgg\
. b'j} xft gePsfn] tL ;dfhsf] clulNt/ gfl�g jfWo ePsL l5g\ .
;+w}+ em} Tolta]nf klg ltgsf] v:g nfu]sf n'uf gv:g] agfOlbg
d]/f xft ;s;sfP .
em\jf�
dgn] ;r]t u/fof] clg d"lt{nfO{ b]j|]tkm{ 5f8L d bflxg] n�df
nfu]+ . Totf lgs} 3'OFrf] lyof] . hfg] / kmls{g]x�sf] tfFtL
nfu]sf] lyof] . ToxL cufl8sf] bflxg]lt/sf] sf]7fdf dflg;x�
kl;/x]sf lyP / ToxLFaf6 x"nsf x"n dflg;x� lgl:s/x]sf lyP .
d;Fu} Ps x"n hfkfgL lxFl8/x]sf lyP . ltgLx�;Fu} d klg To;
sf]7fdf k;]+ . sf]7f lgs} 7"n} x'Fbf] xf], t/ dflg;sf] eL8n]
sf]7fnfO{ ;fF3'/f] kf/]sf] lyof] . sf]7fdf htf;'s}
df]gflnhfsf] kmf]6f] lvRg dgfxL u/]sf] ;"rgf 6fFl;Psf] lyof]
. rf/}lt/ leQfdf ljleGg kmf]6f]x� e'm08\ofOPsf lyP . blngdf
k|]m:sf] lrlqt ul/Psf lyP .
9f]sfaf6
k:g] lalQs} bflxg]kl�sf] leQfdf 6fFluP/ /x:odo d':sfg 5b}{
/lxl5g\ df]gflnhf . ToxLFaf6 PskN6 s'g} rf]/n] pgnfO{
rf]/]sf] x'gfn] a'n]6 k|'km sfFrn] 5f]k]/ pgnfO{
em'08\ofOPsf] /x]5 .
kmf]6f]
lvRg dgfxL u/]tf klg ToxfF ePsf k|foM ;a}n] pgsf] kmf]6f]
lvr]sf lyP .
df]gflnhf
d]/f] ;fd'Gg] lyOg\ . d pgsf] cufl8 pleP/ pgnfO{ lgofNb}
lyPF . To:tf] ljZjk|l;4 lrq t/ d}n] ga'em]/ xf]nf dnfO{ Tof]
lrq n'e|df ePsf c?�c? lrqx� h:t} g} nfUof] . cem c? lrqx�sf
cfOdfOx� t s:tf /fd|f�/fd|f lyP, df]gflnhf eGbf klg w]/}
;'Gb/L lyP .
x'g t
dfG5]sf] eL8n] xf] ls jf cfk\mgf] xtf/f]sf] dgl:yltn] xf]
dnfO{ pbf; dgl:yltdf ltgnfO{ x]�of] eg] tL klg pbf; b]lvg] .
pNnl;t dgn] x]�of] eg] tL klg v';L ePsL b]lvg] h:tf] nfu]g .
b'Mvsf] s'/f ;Dem]/ cfk"mnfO{ pbf; t'NofP/ ltgLnfO{ x]/]+
ltgsf] cg'xf/sf] efjdf kl/jt{g
cfPg . x;fFpg] s'/f ;DemL k|km'Nn eP/ x]/]+, ltgL kl/jlt{t
eOgg\ . d]/f]nflu pgL Pp6} dgl:yltdf /lx/lxg\ .
df]gflnhfsf] kmf]6f] lvRg kfOFb}g, s]xLu/L lvlrxfn] klg Tof]
Sofd]/fdf cfpFb}g eGg] s'/f] a]nfotd} ;'g]sf lyof}+ t/ ToxfF
;a}n] lvr]sf] b]v]/ d}n] klg xtf/df @, $ j6f kmf]6f] lvr]+,
t/kl5 lkmNd w'Fbf ToxL kmf]6f] dfq
cfPg .
r/}j]lt
=== r/}j]lt === eg] em}+ xfdLn] klg k]l/; a;fOsf tL ;ft
lbgx�df r/}j]ltnfO{ k"0f{�kdf cfTd;ft\ u�of}+ . tL ;ft lbgdf
laxfg a|]skmf:6 vfP/ lg:s]kl5 Ps}kN6 /fltdfq xf]6n k:bYof}+
. ;ftjif{sf] Tof] 5f]/f], hf] gyflssg xfdL;Fu} lxl8/x\of] /
wGo 8]9jif]{ ;fgL5f]/L hf] lbgel/�el/ k';r]o/df al;/fVyL .
lar/L tL lbgx�df Tof] s}bdf k/]sL h:tL ePsL lyO{ . Pp6}
7fpFdf Pp6} d'b|fdf lbgel/ ToxL+ a;]/ cl8/xg To;nfO{ slt si6
ePsf] x'Fbf] xf] . tL lbgx�df xfdLn] k]l/;sf OGr OGr e"ldnfO{
cfk\mgf kfOnfn] d';f�of}+ . ToxfFsf af]6�a'6\ofg, 3/x�, ahf/x�,
7"nf ;8s, uNnL ;a}lt/ rxf�of}+ . To;} a]nf b]Vof}+ k]l/;df ;fglnFh]sf]
j}ej dfq /x]g5, ;fF3'/f kmf]x/, uNnL klg /x]5g\ . ;+;f/nfO{
nf]Eofpg] km]zg dfq /x]g5g\, ;fwf/0f cfj/0fsf km]zgljxLgx�
klg /x]5g\ .
ToxL
lxF8fOdf xfdLn] k]l/;sf 3'OFrf] x'g] kmf]x/ t/sf/L ahf/
b]Vof}+ . oxfF /fFufsf df;' a]Rg /fv]em}+ ToxfF k;ndf /flvPsf
/ftf /ftf a+u'/sf df;' b]Vof}+ . dfUg a;]sf duGt]x� b]Vof}+
.
lx�\
gePklg lx�\ afFw]sf] 6fnf] eg]em}+ xl/of t/sf/Lsf] 7]nf
5]pdf pleP/ s/fO{ s/fO{ t/sf/L a]Rg] JolQm xf];\ jf
xfdf]{lgod h:t} afhf ahfpFb} dfUg plePsf] duGt] xf];\ . ;a}sf]
hLpdf ;'6 lyof] . k'/fgf] v'On]s} eP klg ;a}n] ;'6g} nufPsf
b]lvGy] .
cf�g}
;'/n] xfdL ;ft ;ft lbg ;Dd k]l/; ;x/sf] gSzf x]b}{ lg?2]Zo
3'ld/x\of}+ t/ efiffsf] ;d:ofn] ubf{ yfxf gkfP/ k]l/;af6 @),
@% lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] ljZj k|l;4 ef;f{On b/af/ x]g{ uPgf}+ .
h'g b/af/sf] cg's/0f u/]/ xfd|f] l;+x b/af/ agfOPsf] /x]5 .
o;/L
;ft�;ft lbg;Dd k]l/;df k'm;{lbnf] eP/ 3'Dbf klg efiffsf]
cefjdf xfdLn] k]l/; 5]ps} pQm b/af/ x]g]{cj;/ u'dfof}+ eGg]
1fg g} gkfOsg k]l/; egf}+ ls l;�} k|mfG;;Fu g} labf dfUb}
a;n] ;x/ g5f]8'~h]n;Dd klg To;sf /flqsfnLg tL lemlnldnL aQL
;s] clGtd k6snfO{ cfk\mgf] dgdf ptfb}{ xfdL k]l/;af6
6fl9of}+ .
$$^
bf]MMrf
dfu{
dxf/fhuGh, sf7df8f}+
kmf]g M $$!#)*( |