s'/fsfgL M lbg]z clwsf/Ll;t

1fg'jfs/ kf}8]n

        [cf�gf] klxnf] sljtf s[lt �cGt/sf l56fx��af6 g]kfnL sljtfkmfF6\df em08} @% jif{ klxn] em'Ns]sf slj lbg]z clwsf/L xfd|f] ;dsfnLg k':tfsf rlr{t sljdWo] Ps x'g\ . cfwf bh{geGbf a9L sfJos[ltsf ;h{s, nueu Ps bh{ghlt uLtsf Sof;]6 / ;L=8L=sDKofS6 ahf/df k'�ofO;s]sf slj lbg]z clwsf/Ln] ;d;fdlos oyfy{nfO{ cf�gf] ;[hgzLntfsf] d"n nIo agfPsf] b]lvG5 .

        uLtdf xl/eQm s6'jfn / sljtfdf jflg/f lu/Lsf cg'ofoL h:tf nfUg] slj lbg]z clwsf/Lsf] nf]slk|otf cf�gf ;dsfnLg sljx�sf dfem pNn]Vo �kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . uBdf klg ;xh, ;Dk|]io / u]o sljtf n]Vg ;lsG5 eGg] logsf] dfGotf 5 . nf]slk|otfsf] gfddf logn] snfsf] pk]Iff t slxNo} u/]gg\ �u/]gg\, nf]slk|o ;flxTo snfTds x'g ;Qm}g eGg] e|fGt wf/0ffsf lj?4 klg plePsf5g\ logL cf�gf uLlt /rgfsf dfWodaf6 .

        @)#& ;fndf k|sflzt cf�gf] klxnf] sljtf ;+u|x �cGt/sf l56fx�� b]lv lnP/ @)$$ df k|sflzt csf]{ sljtf ;+u|x �wtL{sf] uLt� @)$% df k|sflzt sljtf ;+u|x �cflbd cfjfh� @)$* df k|sflzt uLt ;+u|x �clj/fd ofqf�, @)%! df k|sflzt ;femf k'/:sf/k|fKt sfJo �OGb|ofqf� @)%$ df k|sflzt csf]{ uLt ;+u|x �cf�g} dg / cf�g} uLt� @)%^ df k|sflzt dbg k'/:sf/k|fKt sljtf ;+u|x �cltl/Qm clen]v� / @)%* df k|sflzt afn uLlt gf6s �h+unsf] syf � h+unsf] Joyf� ;Dd cfOk'Ubfgk'Ub} sfkmL ;[hgfTds hfu�stf b]vfpFb} cfPsf slj x'g\ lbg]z clwsf/L .

        cfw'lgs sljtfsf] cjf]wuDotf, hl6ntf, z'istf, / gL/;tfsf lj/f]wL ePsf sf/0fn]g} ;s] � s'g} kqklqsfdf k9\bf of s'g} uf]i7L ;df/f]xx�df ;'Gbf xfd|f] dgnfO{ ljrlnt / p�]lnt b'j} t'Nofpg] ;fdYo{ ePsf sljsf �kdf lognfO{ x]g{yfN5f}+ xfdL .

        lbg]z clwsf/Lsf] @% jif{ eGbf clws;dosf] n]vg ofqf, uLt, / sljtf cflb ljifodf ePsf] of] ;+lIfKt s'/fsfgL �/rgf�sf kf7ssf nflu /dfOnf] x'g] 7fg]sf 5f}+ . � 1fg'jfs/]

        lbg]zhL, tkfO{++ h:tf] Pp6f :yflkt sljn] n]v]sf] ;flxlTos :t/sf /fd|f /fd|f uLtx� tkfO{+sf] efjgf cg'�k :j/f�g ePgg\ jf uLt ;'xfpFbf ;+uLt ePgg\ h:tf] nfUb}g <

        ;+uLtn] 5f]of] of 5f]Pg, of d}n] rfx]h:tf] eof] ePg Tof] d eGg ;lQmg. t/ ljrf/ ug]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] ;+uLt s:tf] x'g'k5{ eGg] bfloTj uLtn] af]S5 . tkfO{++n] vf]h]sf] pQ/ kfpg d}n] ;+uLtsf] 1ftf x'g'kg]{ eP h:t} ;+uLtsf/ klg ;flxTosf] 1ftf ePsf] v08df uLt ;+uLtdf /fd|f] tfnd]n xf]nf �

        clg ;+uLt / ufogsf t'ngfdf tkfO{++sf uLt klg sdhf]/ 7xl/Psf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <

       7xl/Psf 5}gg\ .

        s'g} klg 7xl/Psf 5}gg\ t <

       ;j{k|yd t d cfkm}+ ;+t'i6 geP;Dd uLt lbb}lbGgF . d}n] n]v]sf] uLt cfd>f]tfsf] ;dem cg'�k 5 ls 5}g, hfFr]/ dfq lbG5' . To;}n] ufog / ;+uLtsf] t'ngfdf d]/f uLt sdhf]/ x'g ;Qm}gg\ . d"n �kdf ;+uLt / ufog t uLtnfO{ d"t{�k lbg], ;hLjtf k|bfg ug]{ e"ldsf dfq x'g\ . uLt ;zQm ePs} sf/0fn] ufog / ;+uLt hDg] xf] .

        /fd|f] uLtsf/ aGg ;+uLtsf] 1fg slQsf] cfjZos 5 <

        x/;+ej 1fg x'g' x/]ssf nflu h�/L 5 . x/]skl5Nnf] h]g/]zg h]g/]l6e x'Fb} cfPsf], ;Ifd x'Fb}cfPsf] cj:yfdf t of] emg} dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

        cr]n clwsf+zn] c;flxlTos sf]6Lsf uLtx� v"a n]lv/x]5g\, / ltg} uLtx� ufOG5g\ klg . o;sf/0f ;flxlTos uf]i7Lx�df /Tg z+;]/ yfkf, sfnL k|;fb l/hfn, ofbj v/]n, 8f= /fddfg t[lift, If]qk|tfk clwsf/L, eLd lj/fu, s[i0fxl/ a/fn, lbg]z clwsf/L, piff z]/rg, >j0f d'sf?�, e"kfn /fO{, g/]Gb|/fh k|;fO{, k|s6 ku]gL lzj, /d0f l3ld/], /d]z lIflth, /d]z kf}8]n cflb h:tf s]xL cToNk ckjfb afx]s clwsf+z uLtsf/x� uf]i7Ldf b]lvb}gg\ . o;n] uLt ljwf s] sljtf / uhn h:tf] uf]i7L / d+rLo ljwf x'g g;s]sf] b]lvPg <

        uLt xf];\ rfx] uhn xf];\, xfOs' xf];\ rfx] d'Qms � oL ;a} Pp6}  sljtf�kL ?vsf xfFufx� x'g\ . oL # j6}df km/s 5 ls 5}g eGg] k|Zgdf rflx+ tL ;a} ?vleqsf xfFufdf ljz]iftf ePh:t} ltgsf �ksf] km/skgf dfq} xf] . rl/qsf �kdf dfq xf] . Pp6f afpsf $ 5f]/fx�sf] :jefj km/s km/s eP klg sljtf afp of cfdf g} xf] .

        d]/f] k|Zgsf] d"n cfzolt/ tkfO{++sf] egfO{ cfpg'k�of] ============

       ======== hxfF;Dd uLt c;flxlTos eof] eGg] k|Zg 5 �To;df Jofj;flos uLt, rfn' uLt, / ;[hgfTds uLt x'G5g\ . Jofj;flos uLtnfO{ ;[hgzLn dfGotf lbg}k5{ eGg] d]/f] wf/0ff slxNo} /x]g . h:tf]rLh klg kfOg] ahf/df xfdLn] /fd|f] rLh u|x0f ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ dfq . o;df ldl8ofsf] klg gsf/fTds e"ldsf 5 . g/fd|f] rLh xfdLn] glnP t g/fd|f] rLh x/fOxfG5
lg �

        ;flxTosf] ;]G;Lljln6L gePsf uLt / uLtsf/nfO{ dxTj lbObf () k|ltzt uLt ;+uLt ;txL / lgDg:t/sf] x'g k'u]sf5g\ / a9L ;+Vofdf alh/x]5g\ �To;af/] tkfO{++ s] eGg' x'G5 lg <

        d}n] cl3 ev{/} eg] em}+ u|x0f ug]{ JolQm of ;+:yfn] o;tkm{ ;f]r]/ kxn ug'{k�of] .

        cF, eGg'xf];\ t � tkfO{+sf] b[li6df xfd|f pDbfvfnsf uLtsf/ sf] sf] x'g\<

        dnfO{ Pshgf uLtsf/sf] uLt dg k5{ t/ ;a} uLt xf]Og . s;}sf] () k|ltzt uLtx� dg k5{ eg] s;}sf] % k|ltzt uLtx� dfq} . d}n] () k|ltzt uLt dg gkg]{sf] gfd ln+bf % k|ltztsf] gfd lng kfpg] ls
gkfpg] <

       of] s"6gLlts hjfkm ePg / <

        7Ls 5 . d km/s lsl;dn] hjfkm lbG5' . cu|hsf af6f]df lx+8]sf gftfn] cu|hsf af/]df xf]Og � deGbf klxn] /fd|f] n]Vg] uj{ ug]{ lx;fan] 7fpF vf]Hbf efO k':tfsf uLtsf/x�df >j0f d'sf?�, /d]z lIflth, e"kfn /fO{, /d]z kf}8]n cflbx� dg k5{g\ .

        clg dlxnf uLtsf/x�df <

        rfFbgL zfx, piff z]/rg, l;Gw' /f0ff cflb .

        slj / uLtsf/ b'j}sf] x}l;otn] tkfO{+sf] /fd|f] Voflt 5 . t/ tkfO{+ cfkm" rflx+ s'gdf a9L ;+t'i6 x'g'x'G5 <

       o;df rflx+ k|i6 hjfkm lbG5' . d slj g} x'F . vf; ju{df d uLtsf/sf �kdf, vf; ju{df d sljsf �kdf nf]slk|o x'g' k|fljlws sf/0f x'g\ . /]l8of] l6=eL= vf]Nbf uLt :jtM cfOlbG5 . t/ Pp6f sljtf kf7s;Dd k'Ug] tl/sf km/s x'G5 . dw'ks{, ul/df, /rgf, cleJolQm h:tf kf7s;Dd k'Ug] klqsf ax't} sd 5g\ . d]/f] sljtf k9\g] kf7s t sd 5g\ Tof] klg Ps�b'O{ xhf/ eGbf a9L g5flkg] klqsfdf . of] kl/k|]Iodf sljtf / sljsf] kx'Fr ;+;f/el/g} sd 5 . Psn] csf]{nfO{ pl5g]h:tf] nfUb}g .

        lkmNdL uLt / u}/ lkmNdL uLt n]Vbf s'gdf a9L cfgGb cfpF5 <

       rnlrqsf uLtx�nfO{ d d]/f uLt elGbgF . ToxfF kfq, rl/q kl/j]zsf] nflu lgb]{zssf] OR5fdf ;Lldt /x]/ uLt n]V5' � ToxfF d]/f] zLk dfq k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 . efjgf, ljifoj:t', k|:t'ltsf] z}nLh:tf s'/fx� d]/f] ?lr cg'�k gx'g klg ;S5g\ . rnlrqsf] uLt ;Demf}tfsf] kl/0flt xf] . hxfF;Dd d]/f] u}/ lkmNdL uLtsf] k|;+u 5 , ToxfF d / d}n] vf]h]sf] k|:t'lt x'G5 . d}n] rfx]sf] nfdf] 5f]6f]sf] :jtGqtf x'G5 . cf�g} kl/j]z x'G5 . s;}sf] lgb]{zg x'Fb}g . To;}n] tL d]/f uLt x'g\ . 

        s'g} lbg uLt sljtfsf] If]qaf6 c3fpg' eof] eg] s] ug'{ x'G5 <

        eljionfO{ clxNo} g} cfsng gu?F Sof/] �

        tkfO{+ / tkfO{+sf rlr{t cGo ;dsfnLg sljx�n] 7f]; / vFlbnf] sfd ubf{ub}{ klg tkfO{+x�af/] hlt d"Nof�g / rrf{ x'g'kg]{ xf] �Tolt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;n] tkfO{+x�sf] lrt b'lv/x]sf] 5}g <

        of] xfdLx�sf] ;d:of x'Fb} xf]Og . ;do / kl/jt{g;Fu hf] lx+8\b}g Tof] p;sf] ;d:of xf] �

        p:sf] < sf] p:sf] <

        ;dfnf]rssf], hf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfTg ;Qm}g . pm w]/} k5fl8 kg]{5 . ;dfnf]rs ;[hgzLn /rgfnfO{ lnP/ afFRg] x'Fbf ;[hgzLntf cufl8 k'Uof] � ;dfnf]rssf k5fl8 k�of] eg] gf]S;fg p;}sf] xf] . To;}n] of] xfd|f] rf;f] ePg . t/ xfdLsxfF ;dfnf]rgf s] e}/f�5 eg] ljBfyL{nfO{ k9fpg n]lvPsf gf]6\;x� hf] ;dfnf]rgf x'g ;Qm}gg\ .

        ;|i6f d/]kl5, a]nf cfPkl5 n]V5' eG5g\ lg t ;dfnf]rsx� �

       d/]kl5, a]nf cfPkl5 n]V5' eGg] ;Gbe{df Tof] hlt;'s} /fd|f] ePklg ;donfO{ ;dfTg ;Qm}gg\ .

        rf/ ;dfnf]rs s[i0fx�n] So} unf{g\ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] <

         xf], xfd|f ;dsfnLg s[i0f uf}td, s[i0f k|wfg, s[i0f w/fjf;L, s[i0fxl/ a/fnx�n] t'ngfTds �kn] ulx/fO{df k'u]/ xfd|faf/] So} n]Vg'xf]nf h:tf] nfUYof] . ;+efjgf lyof] / 5 klg . t/ ;dfnf]rgfnfO{ d"n ljwfsf] �kdf u|x0f ug]{ ;dfnf]rs / n]vssf] cefj v6\lsof] . jf:tjdf xfd|f ;dfnf]rsx�sf] pmhf{ c? ljwfdf klg ljeflht x'g k'Uof] .

        ;flxTo Ot/sf s'/fdf tkfO{+sf c? s] s] zf]v 5g\ <

        km'6jn x]g]{, uLt ;'Gg], 3'Dg] cflb s'/fdf dg hfG5 .

       uB ljwfdf lsg xft xfNg'ePg <

        Pp6f dfG5], Tof] klg hflu/] clg 3/�Jojxf/ x]g'{kg]{ kfl/jfl/s dfG5] klg . ;a}lt/ xft xfNof] eg] ;a}7fpFdf xft gk'Ug ;S5 . csf]{ cfkm" cleJoQm x'g dnfO{ sljtf g} sfkmL xf] h:tf] nfU5 �

        x;\ t lbg]zhL tkfO{+sf] ljrf/ a'�g] ;do lbg'ePsf]df wGojfb �

        dnfO{ s]xL af]Ng] ;do lbg'ePsf]df tkfO{+nfO{ klg ;fw'jfb � 

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