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KARATE TERMINOLOGY |
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Karate-do - empty hand way |
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kara - empty |
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te - hand |
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do - way |
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Karate Titles: |
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kancho - supreme instructor (head of style/master of masters) |
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shihan - master |
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sensei - instructor/teacher |
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sempai - higher in seniority (generally higher ranked) |
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kohai - lower in seniority (generally lower ranked) |
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Miscellaneous: |
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waza - technique |
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hikite - pulling arm |
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tai-sabaki - hip rotation technique |
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jiku ashi - pivot leg |
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yori ashi - sliding the feet (maintaining distance between them) |
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kamae (kamaekata) - posture/posture of upper body (eg: kumite kamae, gyaku-zuki kamae) |
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maai - correct distancing |
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shomen - front facing position |
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hanmi - half front facing position |
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hidari - left |
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migi - right |
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hai - yes |
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yoi - ready position |
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hajime - start/begin (in own time/not to the count) |
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mawate - turn about |
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yame - stop |
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naore - finish/recover (return to yoi position) |
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yasume - relax (generally preceded by bow) |
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ni rei - bow to (rei - bow) |
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osu - used as multi-functional karate word, including in greeting others (unknown origin, possible short form of good morning ohayo gozaimasu or if meaning is taken directly from kanji: push on, push yourselves, endure etc) |
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kiai - karate shout (eg: ehh, ayh, ohh) |
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kime - decided/finished |
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kime-waza - decisive technique (must have maximum power and be fully focused) |
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tanden/hara - centre of body in regards to ki |
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ki - chi or intrinsic energy (according to eastern way of thinking) |
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kihaku - spirit |
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karateka - karate practitioner |
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otagai - mutual/altogether |
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dojo - training hall |
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dojokun - training hall precepts |
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seiza - formal seated position |
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do gi - karate uniform |
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obi - karate belt |
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Training Methods: |
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kihon - basic technique |
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kata - form/pattern (formal self-defence sequence against multiple imaginary opponents) |
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kumite - sparring with partner |
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gohon kumite - 5 step sparring |
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sambon kumite - 3 step sparring |
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kaeshi kumite - 2 step sparring |
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ippon kumite - 1 step sparring |
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jiyu-ippon kumite - 1 step semi-free sparring |
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okuri jiyu ippon kumite - 2 step semi-free sparring |
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jiyu kumite - freestyle sparring |
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makiwara - wooden striking post with pad |
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bunkai - application of kata techniques |
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Strategy: |
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Ikken hissatsu - to kill with one blow (old karate term) |
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waza o hodokoso koki - the psychological moment to execute a technique |
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sen no sen - seizing the initiative earlier |
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go no sen - seizing the initiative later |
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zanshin - poise/total control of faculties (after executing technique) |
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Target areas: |
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jodan - upper level |
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chudan - middle level |
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gedan - lower level |
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Dachi (Tachikata) - Stances: |
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shizen-tai - relaxed attention position |
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heisoku-dachi - feet together shizen-tai |
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musubi-dachi - heels together shizen-tai |
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hachiji-dachi - feet apart (open) shizen-tai |
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zenkutsu-dachi - front stance |
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kokutsu-dachi - back stance |
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kiba-dachi - straddle/horse riding stance (feet parallel) |
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shiko-dachi - square stance (toes out) |
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fudo-dachi - rooted stance (sochin dachi) |
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neko-ashi-dachi - cat stance |
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sanchin-dachi - hour-glass stance |
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hangetsu-dachi - half-moon stance |
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Uke - Blocks: |
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age-uke - upper level rising block |
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soto-uke - middle level outside inwards block |
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uchi-uke - inside outwards block |
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gedan-barai uke - lower level block |
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shuto-uke - sword hand block |
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tate shuto-uke - vertical sword hand block |
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morote-uke - augmented forearm block |
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juji-uke - X-block |
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kakiwake-uke - reverse wedge block |
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haishu uke - back-hand block |
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sukui uke - scooping block |
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haiwan-nagashi-uke - back-arm sweeping block |
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Tsuki - Punching: |
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choku-zuki - straight punch |
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oi-zuki - lunge (stepping) punch |
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gyaku-zuki - reverse punch |
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kizami-zuki - jab punch |
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ren-zuki - alternate punching |
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san-bon-zuki - three punch combination |
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age-zuki - rising punch |
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kagi-zuki - hook punch |
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ura-zuki - close punch |
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yama-zuki - wide U-punch |
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mawashi-zuki - roundhouse punch |
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tate-zuki - vertical-fist punch |
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Uchi - Strikes: |
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ate-waza - smashing techniques (eg: elbow & knee strikes) |
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empi-uchi/hiji-ate - elbow strike (many types) |
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hizagashira uchi - knee strike |
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uraken-uchi - back fist strike (horizontal & vertical) |
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tetsui-uchi / kentsui-uchi - hammer-fist strike (horizontal & vertical) |
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Kaisho Uchi - Open-hand Strikes: |
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shuto - knife-hand strike (inside outwards & outside inwards) |
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haito - ridge-hand strike (inside outwards & outside inwards) |
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nukite - spear-hand strike |
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teisho - palm-heel strike |
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haishu - back-hand strike |
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Keri - Kicking Techniques: |
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mae-geri - front snap kick |
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yoko-geri-keage - side snap kick |
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yoko-geri-kekomi - side thrust kick |
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mawashi-geri - roundhouse kick |
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ushiro-geri - back kick |
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ushiro-mawashi-geri - reverse turning roundhouse kick |
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mikazuki-geri - crescent kick |
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fumi-komi - stamping kick |
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ren-geri - alternate kicking |
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ashi-barai - leg sweep |
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Counting in Japanese: |
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ichi - one |
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ni - two |
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san - three |
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shi - four |
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go - five |
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roku - six |
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shichi - seven |
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hachi - eight |
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kyu - nine |
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ju - ten |
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Grades: |
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Kyukyu - ninth kyu (graded white belt) |
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Hachikyu - eighth kyu (yellow belt) |
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Nanakyu - seventh kyu (orange belt) |
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Rokukyu - sixth kyu (green belt) |
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Gokyu - fifth kyu (1st purple belt) |
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Yonkyu - forth kyu (2nd purple belt) |
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Sankyu - third kyu (1st brown belt) |
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Nikyu - second kyu (2nd brown belt) |
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Ikkyu - first kyu (3rd brown belt) |
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Shodan - first dan (1st black belt) |
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Nidan - second dan (2nd black belt) |
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Sandan - third dan (3rd black belt) |
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Yondan - fourth dan (4th black belt) |
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Godan - fifth dan (5th black belt) |
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Rokudan - sixth dan (6th black belt) |
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Nanadan - seventh dan (7th black belt) |
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Hachidan - eighth dan (8th black belt) |
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Kyudan - ninth dan (9th black belt) |
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Judan - tenth dan (10th black belt) |
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Start of Training Session: (to be announced by sempai) |
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seiza - be seated |
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shomen ni rei - bow to front of dojo |
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sensei ni rei - bow to teacher |
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End of Training Session: (to be announced by sempai) |
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seiza - be seated |
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mokuso - eyes (close for meditation) |
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mokuso yame - end meditation (open eyes) |
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dojo kun - precepts of training hall |
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(dojo kun is recited by sempai then repeated by students as follows) |
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- to strive for perfection of character (hitotsu jinkaku kansei ni tsutomuru koto) |
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- to defend the paths of truth (hitotsu makoto no michi o mamoru koto) |
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- to foster the spirit of effort (hitotsu doryoku no seishin o yashinau o koto) |
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- to honour the principles of etiquette (hitotsu reigi o omonzuru koto) |
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- to guard against impetuous courage (hitotsu kekki no yu o imashimuru koto) |
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shomen ni rei - bow to front of dojo |
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sensei ni rei - all turn to face, then bow to head instructor ("sensei" is replaced by other title when appropriate) |
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sensei-gata ni rei - students turn to face, then bow to all other senseis, if present (apart from head instructor) |
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sempai ni rei - students turn to face, then bow to highest ranked sempai (generally only if black belt student/s present) |
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otagai ni rei - everyone turn to face, then bow to one another |
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(If more than one sensei is present then it is custom to say head teacher's family name followed by "sensei ni rei") |
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