Protectia religiei si a moralei publice in cadrul normelor fundamentale ale drepturilor omului
Noiembrie 2006
COUNCIL OF EUROPE
The European Convention on Human Rights
ROME 4 November 1950
ARTICLE 9
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance.
2. Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
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Cu privire la libertatea de constiinta, pretinsa incalcare a ei in Proiectul legii privind Regimul Cultelor, este o eroare. Insasi art. 9 din Conventia Europeana a Drepturilor Omului prevede posibile limitari, in situatii care sunt reglementate de lege, si sunt necesare intr-o societate democratica in interesul sigurantei publice, pentru protectia ordinii publice, sanatatii ori moralei.
Amintim continutul articolului propus a fi introdus in lege:
��n Rom�nia sunt interzise orice forme, mijloace, acte sau ac?iuni de def?imare ?i �nvr?jbire religioas?, precum ?i ofensa public? adus? simbolurilor religioase.�
Ori, desigur ca aceasta lege este in interesul protejarii obiectivelor fundamentale ale statului, amintite mai sus.
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ARTICLE 10
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. this right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or the rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.
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Libertatea de exprimare: exercitiul acestor libertati, din aducerea de obligatii si responsabilitati, poate fi subiectul unor astfel de formalitati, conditii, restrictii sau penalizari precum sunt descrise de lege (legislatia interna a statului) si sunt necesare intr-o societate democratica, in interesul sigurantei nationale, sigurantei publice, pentru prevenirea dezordinii sau crimei, pentru protectia sanatatii sau mai ales a moralei, pentru protectia reputatiei sau a dreptului altora (iar important).
Iata cat de explicit este articolul 10 al CEDO cu privire la existenta libertatii de exprimare. Sa ne gandim doar la piesa de teatru �Evanghelistii�. Este evident ca aduce atingere unor astfel de norme morale si valori fundamentale ale statului.
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ARTICLE 18
The restrictions permitted under this Convention to the said rights and freedoms shall not be applied for any purpose other than those for which they have been prescribed.
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Articolul 18 subliniaza foarte clar intentia legiuitorului: aceea de a proteja valorile exprimate mai sus (libertate, demnitate umana) si nu pentru a interpreta eronat textul (cum au si procedat anumite asociatii) in alte scopuri decat au fost prescrise - scopuri proprii, de grup sau individualiste. De altfel, vointa legiuitorului este un principiu general al aplicarii dreptului (inclusiv cel intern) si cu atat mai mult in materia drepturilor fundamentale, ce isi au originile in dreptul natural.
De aceea, ar fi fost si ilogic ca drepturile fundamentale sa se distanteze de notiuni ca morala, demnitate, respect, responsabilitate.
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1. Enforcement of certain Rights and Freedoms not included in Section I of the Convention
2. Done at Paris on the 20th day of March 1952
ARTICLE 2
No person shall be denied the right to education. In the exercise of any functions which it assumes in relation to education and to teaching, the State shall respect the right of parents to ensure such education and teaching in conformity with their own religions and philosophical convictions.
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Privind prin continutul acestui articol, nu vedem nici un caz de discriminare a minoritatilor religioase, datorita existentei icoanelor in scoli ori datorita efectuarii de slujbe religioase ortodoxe la inceputul anului scolar. Prin acestea, minoritatilor religioase nu li se ingradeste dreptul la educatie si invatamant, in raport cu propriile convingeri religioase si filozofice. Parintii copiilor pot asigura acestora orice fel de educatie doresc.
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CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND CO-OPERATION IN EUROPE
FINAL ACT
HELSINKI 1 August 1975
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(a) Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States
VII. Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief
The participating States will respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
They will promote and encourage the effective exercise of civil, political, economic, social, cultural and other rights and freedoms all of which derive from the inherent dignity of the human person and are essential for his free and full development.
Within this framework the participating States will recognize and respect the freedom of the individual to profess and practice, alone or in community with others, religion or belief acting in accordance with the dictates of his own conscience.
The participating States on whose territory national minorities exist will respect the right of persons belonging to such minorities to equality before the law, will afford them the full opportunity for the actual enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms and will, in this manner, protect their legitimate interests in this sphere.
The participating States recognize the universal significance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, respect for which is an essential factor for the peace, justice and well- being necessary to ensure the development of friendly relations and co-operation among themselves as among all States.
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Conferinta pentru securitate si cooperare in Europa � Actul final � Helsinki � 1975
Si aici intentia legiuitorului este clara: se incurajeaza drepturile si libertatile ce deriva din inerenta demnitate a persoanei umane si care sunt esentiale pentru libera si mai ales deplina sa dezvoltare.
Ori, o piesa de teatru ca �Evanghelistii� foarte probabil va obstructiona deplina dezvoltare (spirituala, culturala) a persoanei, iar cu privire la atingerea demnitatii Mantuitorului nostru, nici nu este loc de comentariu. Deci existenta unei astfel de piese in societate, chiar aduce atingere drepturilor fundamentale ale omului, nici vorba ca interzicerea lor prin Legea privind Regimul Cultelor, ar aduce vreo incalcare drepturilor fundamentale ale omului.
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