![]() |
||||||||||||||
| Le peuple de Californie / The people of California |
||||||||||||||
| Englisn version bottom of the page... | ||||||||||||||
![]() |
||||||||||||||
| Accueil / Home | ||||||||||||||
| Histoire La Californie �tait peupl�e d'Indiens Shoshones, Yumas et Mojaves lorsqu'elle a �t� d�couverte en 1542 par l'Espagnol Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo. De nouvelles explorations ont �t� men�es au cours des XVIIe et XVIIIe si�cles, notamment par le navigateur Francis Blake, mais ce n'est qu'� partir du XVIIIe si�cle qu'une colonisation syst�matique du pays a �t� entreprise sous l'impulsion de j�suites, puis de missions franciscaines!; San Francisco a �t� fond�e en 1776. La Californie a �t� annex�e en 1822 par le Mexique devenu ind�pendant!; cependant, le trait� de Guadalupe Hidalgo a c�d� la partie �!haute!� de la Californie aux �tats-Unis. La r�gion a connu plusieurs ru�es vers l'or en 1848 et 1849, qui ont pr�cipit� l'int�gration de l'�tat � l'Union le 9 septembre 1850. La Californie est ainsi devenue le trente-et-uni�me �tat am�ricain. L'ach�vement de la ligne de chemin de fer transcontinentale en 1869 a, par ailleurs, sorti l'�tat de son isolement, et la mise au point d'une agriculture fond�e sur l'irrigation et sur l'utilisation d'une main-d'�uvre saisonni�re bon march� a rapidement fait de la Californie le premier producteur agricole du pays. De plus, la d�couverte et l'exploitation du p�trole ont provoqu� un nouvel afflux de population, croissance d�mographique exponentielle qui a permis � San Francisco de devenir la plus grande ville de la c�te Pacifique d�s 1890. En 1906, elle a toutefois �t� d�truite par un tremblement de terre. La Premi�re Guerre mondiale a de nouveau stimul� la croissance �conomique et l'immigration. En 1925, un cinqui�me de la production mondiale de p�trole sortait ainsi des gisements de Californie. S�v�rement touch�e par la crise des ann�es trente, la Californie a renou� avec la prosp�rit� pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et sa puissance �conomique, d�mographique et politique s'est accrue et renforc�e de 1950 � 1990. La population a, en effet, tripl� pendant cette p�riode, et d�s 1962 la Californie �tait l'�tat am�ricain le plus peupl�. En 1968, Richard Nixon est devenu le premier pr�sident des �tats-Unis originaire de Californie. De violents s�ismes ont provoqu� des dommages consid�rables � San Francisco en octobre 1989 et � Los Angeles en juin 1992. La m�me ann�e, Los Angeles a �t� le th��tre de violentes �meutes raciales qui ont entra�n� la mort de soixante personnes. |
||||||||||||||
| The People of California Population Patterns The population of California has grown very fast in the second half of the 20th century. Much of the increase can be attributed to in-migration from other states and immigration from other countries. Many people were drawn to California to work in factories that were built during World War II (1939-1945); others settled there after seeing the state during military service; and many more moved to California because of its mild climate and style of living. More recently the population increase has come about because of immigration from other countries. More legal immigrants settle in California than any other state, and the state is also home to many people who came to the country without legal approval. According to the 1990 national census, California had 29,760,021 inhabitants, more than any other state. That was an increase of 25.7 percent over the 1980 population and nearly 50 percent more than the population in 1970. The population estimate for 1995 was 31,589,000. In 1990 the average population density was 72 persons per sq km (187 per sq mi). Most of the population is in southern California, the San Francisco Bay area, and, to a lesser extent, the Central Valley. California is the most urbanized state, with 93 percent of the people living in cities or towns in 1990. It has ten cities with a population greater than 250,000. A majority of Californians live in just three metropolitan areas-Los Angeles-Long Beach, San Francisco-Oakland, and San Diego-on the coast. Large areas in the mountains and deserts of the north and east are sparsely inhabited. Whites comprise the largest share of California's population, representing 69.0 percent of the people. Asians and Pacific Islanders were 9.6 percent of the people, blacks were 7.4 percent, Native Americans were 0.8 percent, and those of mixed heritage or not reporting ethnicity were 13.2 percent. Hispanics, who may be of any race, were 25.8 percent of the population. |
||||||||||||||