翻譯修改範例
I 商業法律文件
II推薦信函
III 論文翻譯
IV 英文論文修改
I. 商業文件翻譯
(英文原文)
NONDISCLOSURE AGREEMENT
This Mutual Nondisclosure Agreement is entered into and effective __________, ____, by and between Johnson, Inc., a California corporation (the “Disclosing Party”) and ___________________ (the “Receiving Party”).
RECITALS
A. The parties hereto desire to enter into a strategic relationship whereby the Disclosing Party shall retain the services of the Receiving Party for the purpose of evaluating and manufacturing new products developed by the Disclosing Party (“New Products”).
B. The Receiving Party understands that the Disclosing Party has disclosed or may disclose information relating to the Disclosing Party’s business necessary for the evaluation and manufacturing of New Products (including, without limitation, names and expertise of employees and consultants, know-how, processes, ideas and other business, financial, customer and service development plans, forecasts, strategies and information), which to the extent previously, presently, or subsequently disclosed to the Receiving Party is hereinafter referred to as “Proprietary Information” of the Disclosing Party.
TERMS AND PROVISIONS
In consideration of the parties’ discussions and any access the Receiving Party may have to Proprietary Information of the Disclosing Party, the Receiving Party hereby agrees as follows:
1. The Receiving Party agrees 1) to hold the Disclosing Party’s Proprietary Information in confidence and to take reasonable precautions to protect such Proprietary Information (including, without limitation, all precautions the Receiving Party employs with respect to its confidential materials), 2) not to divulge any such Proprietary Information or any information derived therefrom to any third person (except consultants, subject to the conditions stated below), and 3) not to make any use whatsoever at any time of such Proprietary Information except to evaluate internally whether to enter into the currently contemplated transaction with the Disclosing Party and to manufacture the New Products solely for the Disclosing Party’s use and evaluation. Any employee or consultant given access to any such Proprietary Information must have a legitimate “need to know” and shall be similarly bound by this Agreement. Without granting any right to license, the Disclosing Party agrees that the foregoing clauses 1), 2) and 3) shall not apply with respect to any information that the Receiving Party can document (a) is or becomes (through no improper action or inaction by the Receiving Party or any affiliate, agent or employee) generally available to the public, (b) was in its possession or known by it prior to receipt from the Disclosing Party, (c) was rightfully disclosed to it by a third party provided the Receiving Party complies with restrictions imposed by the third party or (d) was independently developed without use of any Proprietary Information of the Disclosing Party by employees of the Receiving Party who have had no access to such information.
The Receiving Party may make disclosure required by court order provided the Receiving Party uses best efforts to limit disclosure and to obtain confidential treatment or a protective order and has allowed the Disclosing Party to participate in the proceeding.
2. Immediately upon (i) the decision by either party not to enter into the transaction contemplated herein, or (ii) a request by the Disclosing Party at any time (which will be effective if actually received or if mailed first class postage prepaid to the Receiving Party’s address herein), the Receiving Party will turn over to the Disclosing Party all Proprietary Information of the Disclosing Party and all documents or media containing any such Proprietary Information and any and all copies or extracts thereof, except that the Disclosing Party may retain one copy of all Proprietary Information in its attorney’s office solely for archival legal purposes. The Receiving Party understands that nothing herein (i) requires the disclosure of any Proprietary Information of the Disclosing Party, which shall be disclosed if at all solely at the option of the Disclosing Party, or (ii) requires the Disclosing Party to proceed with any proposed transactions or relationship in connection with which Proprietary Information may be disclosed.
3. Except to the extent required by law, the Receiving Party shall not disclose the existence or subject matter of the negotiations or business relationship contemplated by this Agreement, without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party.
4. Each party agrees that no contract or agreement providing for any transaction involving the parties shall be deemed to exist between the parties unless and until a final definitive agreement has been executed and delivered by both parties. Each party also agrees that unless and until a final definitive agreement regarding a transaction between the parties has been executed and delivered, neither party will be under any legal obligation of any kind whatsoever except for the matters specifically agreed to herein. Both parties further acknowledge and agree that each party reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any and all proposals made by the other party or any of its representatives with regards to a transaction between the parties, and to terminate discussions at anytime.
5. This Agreement shall be translated into Chinese for the sole purpose of allowing the parties hereto a full and complete understanding of this Agreement. The parties acknowledge and agree that the English version of the Agreement is the only effective agreement and that in the event that there is a conflict between the Chinese version and this English version of the Agreement, the meaning under the English version of the Agreement shall control.
6. The Receiving Party acknowledges and agrees that due to the unique nature of the Disclosing Party’s Proprietary Information, there can be no adequate remedy at law for any breach of its obligations hereunder, that any such breach may allow the Receiving Party or third parties to unfairly compete with the Disclosing Party resulting in irreparable harm to the Disclosing Party, and therefore, that upon any such breach or any threat thereof, the Disclosing Party shall be entitled to appropriate equitable relief in addition to whatever remedies it might have at law and to be indemnified by the Receiving Party from any loss or harm, including, without limitation, attorney’s fees, in connection with any breach or enforcement of the Receiving Party’s obligations hereunder of the unauthorized use or release of any such Proprietary Information. In the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, such provisions shall be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary so that this Agreement shall otherwise remain in full force and effect. This Agreement shall be governed by the law of the country or state in which this Agreement is executed. The Agreement supersedes all prior discussions and writings and constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. The prevailing party in any action to enforce this Agreement shall be entitled to costs and attorneys’ fees. No waiver or modification of this Agreement will be binding upon either party unless made in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of such party and no failure or delay in enforcing any right will be deemed a waiver.
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date set forth below.
Dated as of ____________, 200_ The “Disclosing Party”
Johnson Inc., a California corporation
By:
Name: ____________________________________
Title: _____________________________________
The “Receiving Party”
By:
Name: ____________________________________
Title: ____________________________________
(中文翻譯)
保密協議
本相互保密協議是由美國加州長盛公司(以下簡稱「告知方」)和 _____________________(以下簡稱「接受方」) 簽訂，並且自______年_____月_____日起開始生效。
緣由
?. 雙方希望建立策略聯盟關係，在此一關係上，告知方將獲得接受方評估和製造由告知方所開發新產品(以下簡稱「新產品」)的服務。
?. 接受方瞭解，告知方已經告知或可能告知與告知方業務有關的資訊，這些資訊並且是評估和製造新產品所必需的資訊(包括─但不受限於─員工和顧問人員的名字和專業、使用手冊、程式、構想和其它業務、財務、顧問和服務發展計畫、預測、策略和資訊)，這些資訊包括告知方在此之前、目前和在此之後所告知的資訊。以下這些資訊簡稱為告知方的「資訊財產」。
條款
在考慮雙方己經討論的內容和接受方可能接觸到告知方的資訊財產後，接受方同意下列事項：
一、 接受方同意 (一)保守告知方的資訊財產的秘密，並且採取合理的預防措施以保護這些資訊財產(包括─但不受限於─所有接受方對有關其機密資料採取的預防保護措施)；(二)不洩露任何此類的資訊財產或從這些資訊財產所擷取的任何資訊給任何第三者(顧問除外，但仍必須受到下列條件的限制)；(三)除了內部評估是否與告知方進行目前考慮的交易和專門為了告知方使用和評估之用而製造新產品外，任何時間都不得使用這些資訊財產。任何有權接觸到任何此類資訊財產的員工和顧問必須是合法的「必須要知道的人」，並且必須受到本協議同樣的限制。告知方在沒有給予任何許可權的前提下同意前述第(一)、(二)和(三)款規定不適用於任可接受方可以搜集到的以下資訊：(1)目前已經是或將成為(非經由接受方或任何關係企業、代理人或員工不正當的作為或不作為)一般大眾普遍可以得到的資料；(2)接受方在接受這些資訊財產前已經擁有或知道的資訊；(3)在接受方遵守第三者的限制下，由第三者合法透露給接受方的資訊； (4)由接受方無權接觸告知方此類資訊財產的員工在沒有使用告知方任何資訊財產情況下獨立開發的資訊。
在接受方盡最大的努力限制告知方資訊財產的洩露和獲得機密的處理或保護性的命令，並且允許告知方在過程中參與的情況下，接受方可以在法院要求下透露這些資訊財產的內容。
二、 在下列情況下，接受方應立即將告知方的資訊財產和所有檔或媒介交還告知方，這些資訊財產和檔或媒介除告知方為了法律檔存檔用途可能將所有資訊財產檔的副本存放于其律師處外，包括任何資訊財產和任何或全部從這些資訊財產中影印或摘取的資訊：(1)任何一方在考慮後決定不進行這項交易； (2)告知方任何時間要求下(在接受方實際收到告知方的要求時或告知方以已付郵資的限時郵件(在美國為第一級郵件)寄達接受方位址時)。接受方瞭解此舉並不表示可以(1)要求透露任何告知方的資訊財產，這些資訊財產是否透只有告知方有權作選擇； 或(2)要求告知方進行任何曾經建議的交易或與可能洩露的資訊財產有關的策略聯盟關係。
三、 除了法律上的規定外，接受方在沒有得到告知方的事先書面同意下，不得透露本協定的談判和談判的主題或是考慮的業務關係。
四、 雙方都同意，除非雙方最後確定的協定已經執行或履行，否則雙方之間並不被視為存在有任何有關雙方任何交易的合約或協定。雙方也同意，除非雙方最後確定的協定已經執行或履行，否則任何一方除了雙方特別同意的事項外，都沒有承擔任何法律上的義務。雙方更進一步認知和同意，任何一方都得在純粹本身的意思下拒絕對方或其代表所提的任何或全部與雙方交易有關的建議，以及任何時間結束討論。
五、 本合約將被翻譯成中文，但只是為了讓雙方充份和完全瞭解本協議。雙方認知和同意本協議的英文本是唯一的有效協議，假如英文版和中文版協議書中有衝突，應以英文版協議為准。
六、 接受方認知和同意，由於告知方的資訊財產的獨特性質，因此如果違反本協議的義務，在法律上將無任何的適當補救措施，而且任何類似違反協議的行為都可能讓接受方或第三者與告知方進行不公平的競爭而對告知方造成無可彌補的傷害，所以在遭受違反本協定或可能違反本協定的威脅時，告知方除了尋求法律上可能的補救措施和接受方對任何的損失或傷害的賠償外，有權尋求適當和相等的救濟。上述賠償包括，但不限於，有關接受方違反或在未獲得授權使用或透露任何此類資訊財產的情況下執行告知方義務而導致的律師費用。假如本協議的任何條款被法院或其它擁有准司法權的單位判定為違法、無效或無法執行時，這些條款將被限制或作最低限度必要的刪除，以便讓本協議仍然有充份的效力。本協定受本協定履行所在國家的法律管轄。本協定將取代所有先前與本協定主題有關的所有討論和書面文件，並且構成雙方對本協定主題有關的全部協定。執行本協議的任何作為的一方有權要求費用和律師費。除非以書面聲明並且有適當授權的代表簽字，否則本合約的放棄和修正對任何一方都不生效力，不能或延遲執行任何權利不能被視為放棄。
雙方同意已自以下所列日期起履行本合約。
西元二００__年 _____月_____日
告知方 接受方
美國加州長盛公司 _________________________
代表人：______________________ 代表人：___________________
姓名：______________________ 姓名：______________________
職銜：______________________ 職銜：______________________
II 推薦信函
To whom it may concern,
I am honored to write this recommendation letter for my employee, Alice Y. Chien. When I discovered that she had the desire to apply for the E-commerce graduate program at your school, I was overwhelmed with both a sense of joy and a feeling of grief, for she was leaving us in the pursuit of knowledge. Alice was in charge of systems analysis and programming, as part of a training program for technicians at the Bureau of Industry, part of the Ministry of Economy. Although time spent together was short, I still noticed her sense of responsibility and her drive to improve her abilities.
My most memorable impression of Alice occurred at a forum for newcomers at the Computer and Communication Research Laboratory, part of the Industrial Technology Research Institute. After a long day of classes, Dr. Huang of the Laboratory gave a speech and opened the floor for discussions. All of a sudden, Alice hand rose in the silent room. Her question concerned the brain drain the organization had experienced and its cultural differences compared to ordinary firms. As a reaction, I scanned her dossier only to discover she had a double degree in Applied Mathematics and Business Administration. This set her apart from the normal engineers --- she could point out the weaknesses of management and policies in the organization.
Alice’s project required her to gather information about all the users’ needs and create accordingly, a flexible and common system for all. Because the service provided was island-wide, we set up several training sessions, as well as an on-line query service. To put government services on-line has always been one of the key projects for us. We have taken a close look to the success of the Government Gateway project in your country. I hope Alice will learn more about the application concerning UK envoy and e-Government Interoperability Framework. She will surely learn a great deal from your government’s experience.
I can only wish the best to Alice’s trip to the UK. I hope she continues her quest for knowledge. The Internet era is changing the world in unimaginable ways, shifting weight from manufacturing to information and knowledge. I will send Alice away by quoting the words of the Institute’s director, Dr. Walter C. Jian: “Create your own value!” I hope we will be able to work together in the future.
III 學術論文 翻譯
(中文原文)
論文摘要
本文可分爲六大部分，第一部分爲導論部分，闡述服務行業中一直以來存在的兩種爭端，即組織內部資源優先模式還是顧客分析優先模式哪一種對服務企業更爲有利，並對兩種模式做了粗略的分析，然後在本部分引出服務生産力概念並將此概念與傳統製造業生産力的特徵做了一般的比較。第二部分主要闡述服務生産力的概念以及相關問題，並指出服務業的尷尬局面形成的原因有兩個，一個是對服務生産力的概念認知不明確，而另一個則是對管理服務生産力的模式做出了錯誤選擇，本部分主要說明如何正確識別服務生産力的概念以及如何實施、檢測等一系列相關問題。第三大部分與第四大部分主要在論述物件爲顧客關係管理理論之探討與理論架構，筆者認爲顧客關係管理在服務性企業決定採取何種模式的時候，都會用來做爲企業一個強有力的工具來增強兩種模式各自的功能，特別是在增強內部資源優先模式的市場導向方面，起著非常巨大的作用。筆者更特別將現在較先進資訊技術與顧客關係管理理論之管理方法于第五章中提出以彌補一般傳統行銷環境技術的不足，而第六章更結合企業個案對該論點進行分析。而對於顧客分類、顧客管理、顧客資料分析等顧客關係管理的具體內容在第三、四、五章中都做了專門的論述。最後，得出結論：採取何種模式並不是服務企業成敗的關鍵，關鍵在於如何借用其它工具來彌補自身模式的弱點，做到內、外部的平衡。
關鍵字： 服務生産力 製造業生産力 管理服務生産力模式 顧客管理 顧客關係
Key words: service productivity manufacturing productivity managing service productivity model customer management customer relationship
(英文翻譯)
Summary
This article can be split into six parts. The first part is the introduction, which elaborates the ongoing debate over two schools of thought that yield benefits to the service industry: focusing on organizing internal resources or making customer analysis foremost. The introduction also gives a rough sketch of the two methods. Furthermore, this portion introduces service productivity and compares it to the characteristics of traditional manufacturing productivity.
The second portion focuses on expounding the principals of service productivity and related topics while pointing out reasons for the surfacing of embarrassing situations in the service industry. The first of these situations is ignorance of service productivity principals. The second is choosing the incorrect service productivity method for management. This portion mainly demonstrates how to correctly distinguish service productivity methods and how to implement and test related problems.
The third and forth portions are mainly concerned with discussing how things become the subject and theoretical framework of customer relations management theory. The author believes that customer relations management serves as a huge tool for a service-based enterprise. This tool helps bolster the effectiveness of either of the two aforementioned service management methods, particularly in area of market guidance for the internal resources method.
Thereafter, the author shows how futuristic information technology and customer relationship management practices supplement traditional management and marketing in part five. Part six takes this a step further and analyzes particular cases in which enterprises put theory into action.
Throughout parts three, four, and five are expert discussions on customer classification, customer management, customer information analysis, and other such topics that fall under customer relations management. Finally, this paper concludes that the key to success is not in the selection of one management method in favor of the other, it is in the use of other tools to supplement one’s own weakness and to gain balance both in-and-outside the company.
(中文原文)
研究背景與研究目的：
服務業的興衰已經成爲各國經濟增長的晴雨錶，而面對全球經濟不景氣的局面，許多服務組織舉步維艱。過度的競爭、錯誤的理念、衰退的需求都影響著服務業的發展。而對於面臨困境的服務組織來講，最大的困惑在於如何重新認識和定義關於服務管理的許多概念，以及如何重新憑藉自己的能力吸引顧客，然後將成功的服務組織作爲自身的標杆來改進自身的資源配置和服務品質。而對於研究服務管理的學生來講，這些問題都是最現實的，但也是非常難以解決的。然而在今日，企業競爭的日益全球化與白熱化，資訊科技與管理技術一日千里的發展，對產業帶來巨大的衝擊，因此服務性企業除了必須厘清正確的服務管理概念外，已不只只能顧及企業的內部資源的配置，現在有許多企業也開始正視其直接的利潤來源，也就是與顧客關係的經營，因此隨著企業對導入顧客關係的重視日益提升，學術界與業界就此觀念性架構定義的急迫性也就更不容小覷，且將資訊科技與顧客關係管理的理論結合更是目前企業極需統整的重要工作，因此服務性企業若能厘清服務管理概念，正確配置企業內部資源與善用顧客關係管理此一工具來發揮外部資源，更能協助企業完成顧客滿意的提升與達到企業利潤的創造。
研究方法：
以定性研究爲主，定量研究和個案研究爲輔。關鍵在於恰當定義服務管理中的某些概念，以及和企業如何結合這個環節。
研究問題：
服務管理概念的界定、顧客關係管理理論的探討、顧客關係管理論與資訊技術的結合、行業挑選。
本文的寫作思路大體沿襲了以下構想（如圖）：
確認正確的基本概念
正確配置企業資源
正確認識服務物件
將顧客正確歸類
實現資源—顧客需求、類別、模式匹配
確認標杆企業
改進與企業資源匹配的服務品質
企業業績提高
本文寫作架構:
本文旨在企業以厘清服務管理理論為前提下，利用學術理論與企業實務的整合，發展出顧客關係管理的整合性架構，並利用顧客核心關係與資訊科技輔助的雙重關係，建構出完整的管理模式。以下將概要性的描述各章摘要，已勾勒出本論文的主要輪廊。
第一章為導論部份，重點在於提出對於服務組織而言分析出服務生產力在概念上的差異，而後由此得出服務生產力的大致(粗略)定義。然後，本文提出服務組織之服務生產力與顧客關係管理之間的影響以及機制問題，再以服務生產力為首要出發點，首先要解決的是如何界定服務生産力這一問題之上，需要稍加提示的是，面對當前服務業普遍流行的做法：削減內部成本，不得不請企業認真評估如何劃分成本的性質。不得在經濟不景氣的情況之下，盲目刪減企業內部職能和人員，這樣可能會對服務組織帶來災難性的影響。更于文中最後一節提出相關文獻探討，除厘清服務生產力的理論與其重要性外，更整合多項與顧客關係管理相關的理論，提供觀念性架構建立的學術基礎。
第二章最重要的內容是針對服務生産力的概念界定，在摒棄傳統的流行於製造業生産力概念的同時，在總結許多著名學者的概念的基礎上，筆者認爲對服務生産力的許多概念界定在許多部分都是合理的，但有些忽略了這樣的一個基本前提，所有的服務生産力必須建立在和企業資源匹配的基礎之上，否則，會將企業誤導至無法自拔的泥潭。而在提出基本的概念基礎之後，繼而引申出顧客管理對服務生產力的影響並成為其重要的一環。
第三章與第四章將針對顧客關係管理學術理論的探討，配合目前資訊科技的趨勢演變，建構出顧客關係管理的整合性架構。
第五章顧客關係管理中各要素所包含的策略意涵與應用模式，進行深入分析與探討。以對服務組織的服務物件而言，對顧客進行分析將各種顧客類型的服務消費模式識別出以後，在此模型中即可對顧客進行有效的管理，保持原有顧客對公司產品的忠誠度，繼而降低了開發新客戶所應耗費之成本，並可增加服務生產力，進而最終提高企業之兢爭力。
第六章在闡述顧客關係管理的定義之中對某些標竿企業進行理論方面的分析，這些行業分別爲電信服務、餐飲服務、酒店服務業、航空業。這些企業的實踐經驗證明了前面服務生産力概念的合理，即企業要調整自身資源去適應某種水準的服務方案，並將顧客引入自身設計的服務軌道中，使其成爲企業長期利潤的源泉。
研究困難：
1領域新，搜集資料困難，對來自大陸的資料收集起來有困難；而且目前該領域中有些部分存在成果的瓶頸狀態(外文書籍偏多，資料攝取有限) 。
2 針對服務生產力與顧客關係管理的優先順序分辨困難。
3 在印證顧客關係管理與服務生產力之間關係理論的企業個案不多。
4 能證實因厘清正確服務生產力概念後，而能重視外部資源，實際執行顧客關係管理理論而成功地完整案例不多，以臺灣企業而言，都於實驗階段，都還未有明顯成效，無數據性的統計資料。
(英文翻譯)
Research background and objectives
The rise and decline of the service industry is seen as the indicator of a nation’s economy growth. Now faced with global economic downturns, many service organization are experiencing difficult times. There are many factors that may affect the development of service industry, such as over competition, incorrect concepts and decline in demand. However, the most important issue facing the service industry is how to re-approach and re-define many of the service concepts. In addition, how to attract more customers and to learn from successful organization in order to improve its resource allocation and service quality all become relevant issues. For many students who are studying service management, these questions represent the reality but are also difficult to solve. Today, business competition is being globalized and becoming intensified. The fast development in information technology and management techniques have also brought huge impact to the service industry. Therefore it is vital for service industry not only to clarify its management concepts but also to take resources allocation seriously. Now more and more business is looking into its source of profit, which is its relationship with clients. As business’ focus on Customer Relationship Management increases, the academic community and the industry has been urged to provide a clear structural definition of this concept. In addition, to combine information technology and customer service is also seen as an important task required by many business. To sum up, business has to clarify its service management concepts together with correct allocation of its internal resources and use its customer relations tools well, so that it can help to enhance customer satisfaction level and create more profits.
Research Methodology
Based on qualitative analysis and supported by quantitative analysis and individual case analysis. The key points are to appropriately define some of the concepts in service management and how to connect them with business.
Research Topic
To define the concept of service management, to discuss the theory of Customer Relationship Management, the integration of Customer Relationship Management and the selection of industry.
The logic flow of this essay is based on the following structure:
To understand the basic concepts
To understand service objects
To correctly allocate business resource
To accurately classify customers
To materialize resources-Customers’ need, category, model.
To confirm the benchmark
To improve service quality to match business resources
To improve sales
The structure of the essay:
The purpose of this essay is to clarify service management theory for business, and also to integrate academic theory and business practice so that a Customer Relationship Management structure can be developed. In addition, to use customer core relationship and the support by information technology to construct a completed management model. Below are a brief description of each chapter and also the outline of this essay.
Chapter One is the introduction. The key points focus on the service productivity difference and followed by the definition of service productivity. The essay further discusses the mechanism between service organization and Customer Relationship Management. In order to discuss service productivity the first issue to be addressed is how to define service productivity. There is a method which is now popular among service industry is to cut down internal costs which makes business to think seriously about budget allocation. Business cannot blindly cut down its employees in the economic downturn, as it will only generate disastrous outcomes for the organization. It is also mentioned in the later part of the chapter that the importance of the theory for service management and the theory for Customer Relationship Management which lays the academic foundation for conceptual framework.
Chapter Two focuses on the definition of service management. The author agrees with most of the theories proposed by well-known scholars. However, it is sometimes overlooked that all the service productivity is based on the foundation of enterprise resource allocation. Otherwise, enterprise will find themselves moving towards a dead end. After discussing the fundamental issues, the focus moves to Customer Relationship Management’s effect on service productivity.
The Third and Fourth Chapter explores on the theory of Customer Relationship Management in conjunction with the modern technology development.
Chapter Five is mainly on Customer Relationship Management and based on strategic meaning and application model to have further discussion. To conduct research on service organization’s target audience in order to identify each category’s service consumption pattern. Having done so, it will help to manage customer more effectively, to maintain customer loyalty, reducing the cost on developing new customers, enhance service productivity and ultimately improve the competitive edge of the company.
Chapter six elaborates from the definition of Customer Relationship Management and to conduct theoretical analyze on some of the benchmark business. These businesses are namely telecommunication, food and beverage, hospitality, aviation industry. As they have proved that the concept of service management is legitimate and reasonable, that is businesses have to adjust its resources to adopt service standard. Also to include customer into their core service practice and makes it the long-term profit source.
Research limitation
It is rather a new field and gathering information is a difficult process. As some of the materials are from either Mainland China or written in foreign languages. It is seen as a bottleneck stage for some of the researchers.
It is difficult to priorities service productivity and Customer Relationship Management. In addition, there is a lack of proven case for Customer Relationship Management and service productivity. It is then difficult to prove that a business is success because it clearly identifies service productivity concept, values external resources and actually practice Customer Relationship Management. As in Taiwan, it is still in the experimental stage; there is still no sufficient data to reach a solid conclusion.
老舍《茶館》戲劇語言研究
摘 要
中國話劇的不朽之作-《茶館》
三幕話劇《茶館》，是老舍一九五六-一九五七年間的作品。它不僅是作家一生中最優秀的戲劇創作，戲劇家曹禺更譽為「中國戲劇史上空前的典範」的不朽之作。從七O年代末開始，北京人民藝術劇院重排話劇《茶館》，在中國演出逾百場，創造中國話劇史上最受觀眾喜愛的多項紀錄；並赴德國、法國、瑞士、日本、香港、臺灣等地演出，深受觀眾喜愛與感動，將《茶館》譽為「東方舞臺上的奇跡」。《茶館》的成就是在各方面造成的，但劇作中的戲劇語言是呈現劇中人物、情節、時代、情感以及劇作家主題思想最大的要素。沒有好的思想、生活歷練、好的文學根底，是不會有好的戲劇語言。戲劇語言因劇本限制，比文學上的小說、散文創作上更難，本研究寓意以此角度，深入剖析《茶館》戲劇語言的精妙。本研究採用文本分析法，針對《茶館》戲劇語言剖析與舉證，並探討修辭上的運用技巧。希望本研究在《茶館》戲劇語言剖析發現之後，能瞭解老舍創作《茶館》的戲劇語言藝術，喚起注意，並給予當今媒體創作者更多反思空間。以期在歷史回眸中，能有更多研究者投入研究，不容青史盡成灰……
關鍵字：老舍、茶館、戲劇語言
Lao She Tea House Drama Language Study
Excerpt
The Masterpiece of Chinese Drama- Tea House
The three-act play, Tea House, is the work of the playwright, Lao She, completed during the period of 1956-1957. It not only is the playwright’s most exquisite piece of the dramatic works written during the his lifetime, but also the “absolute paragon of Chinese Drama,” as praised by the famous Chinese Dramatist, Cao Yu. Since the late 70’s, the play, Tea House, have been rearranged by the Beijing People’s Artistic Hall and has been performed in China more than one hundred times. Moreover, the dramatic classic has created many records relating to its own overwhelming popularity. Tea House has also been performed in numerous places abroad- such as Germany, France, Switzerland, Japan, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. While the play was introduced overseas, it had received great response and popularity from the international audience and was called “The Miracle on the Eastern Stage.” The accomplishments of Tea House have many factors, but the dramatic language of the play, in particular, is the ultimate method in which the characters, plot, historical setting, emotions, and the playwright’s thematic thought are presented. Excellent dramatic language cannot be produced without an exceptional thought, abundant life experience, and strong literary background. With the limitation set by the script, the creation of dramatic language is more difficult than writing novels and proses. This study is taking this approach to analyze in depth the subtlety of the dramatic language of Tea House. Using textual analysis, this study offers thorough examination and proofs in the dramatic language of Tea House, and explores the rhetoric of the play.
Hopefully, after the in-depth analysis of the dramatic language of Tea House, a better understanding of Lao She’s art of dramatic language while creating Tea House can be presented, and thus, raise the attention of people working in the creative field of the media and offer them more room for introspection. This study has the purpose of bringing more researchers into studying important dramatic pieces so more historical treasures can be preserved.
(中文原文)
多媒體運用影像式虛擬實境之探討
《摘要》
一個數位多媒體節目或教材中可以運用各種複合式的媒材，無論平面影像或立體影像，而其中可令人產生最多聯想的莫過於「虛擬實境」，它利用影像式的方法或幾何式的方法來建構。
本論文討論焦點在影像式的虛擬實境與360度環場影像。由於影像式的虛擬實境的場景是由多張2D的影像所構成的，優點是建構環境與現場吻合，非常真實；缺點是場景中的遊走通常會受到限制，例如環場影像的方式，其只允許使用者站在一個固定的地方轉動其視角。在Zoom in及Zoom out的移動方面，由於這種方式無法處理細緻的角度問題，其是用放大及縮小影像的方式來模擬此效果，所以使得場景中的遊走並不逼真，但親臨實境的感受是無疑的。
幾何式的3D虛擬實境，其首先需要在場景中建構3D電腦圖學的模型，因為全部的幾何模型都可以在電腦上製作出來，所以此場景的建構可以全部是「虛擬」的。其優點使用者能在此場景自由遊走及從任意的視點及視角來察看此場景。缺點是製作複雜場景的幾何模型是非常困難且費時的，且其執行的速度會隨著幾何模型複雜度的增加而降低。
另一方面，由於在現代化的資訊世界裡，數位多媒體影音與網路緊密的融合搭配是必然的趨勢。在本論文中，我們主要探討QuickTime VR於多媒體設計上的發展、功能與特性，未來利用多媒體互動之特性，加強結合教育平臺上的應用『虛擬實境』將是互動教學上不可或缺的輔助工具。
(英文翻譯)
The Discussion on the
Usage of Virtual Reality in the Multimedia Field
Excerpt
A combination of different multimedia materials can be used in a digital multimedia program or as a teaching material, either 2-D or 3-D images. Out of all the multimedia materials being used, the one that raises the most imaginations of people is “virtual reality” that constructs in image-based or geometrical ways.
The discussion in this thesis focuses on “virtual reality” and 360-degree surround image. The setting of virtual reality is constructed by many pieces of 2-D images. Thus, the advantage is that the created surrounding matches the actual environment in reality. The disadvantage is that travelling in the setting usually contains many limitations. For example, the function of surround image only allows the user to rotate their visual angle at a set position. As to the motion of “zoom-in” and “zoom-out,” it cannot deal with the detailed problems concerning angles, because it merely magnifies and shrinks the graphic. Therefore, the travel in the setting is unrealistic. However, the illusion of being in the actual environment is extremely convincing.
Building a geometrical 3-D virtual reality requires the construction of a 3-D computer graphic model first, because all geometric models can be produced on the computer. Therefore, the setting can all be created virtually. The advantage is that the user can travel freely in the setting and view the setting at any position and angle. The disadvantage is that creating the geometrical models used to produce complicated settings is very difficult and time-consuming, and the speed of operation decreases as the complication of the geometrical model increases.
On the other hand, the combination of digital multimedia audio/video and the Internet is an inevitable trend in the modernized field of informational technology. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the development, functions, and characteristics, of QuickTime VR in multimedia design, so, in the future, people can utilize the characteristics of multimedia interaction to further integrate the usage of “virtual reality’ into the educational platform, making “virtual reality” the essential component in interactive education.
IV. 英文論文修改
<修改前文章>
The Study on the Traits of Leader and Followers of Charismatic Leadership -- The Example of Employees of Port Authority
Summary
Charismatic leadership is one of important viewpoints in the development of leadership theory. For government agencies and state-owned enterprises, the influence of a leader primarily comes from the authorization of legal powers. However, the international ports in Taiwan have form of government organization while have their operational targets and have to face the pressure from competition of international ports as a company in private sector. So the leadership of port management may affect employee¡¦s enthusiasm in work and followers¡¦ intentions to reach organizational goal. With the employees of harbor authority of Kaohsiung Port, that is the world¡¦s sixth biggest container port in 2004 rankings, as the subjects of research, we tried to understand the differences of cognition on charismatic leadership by public servants in the port authority on the characteristics of charismatic leadership and feasibility and directions of charismatic leadership in state-owned ports through interviews and questionnaires. The findings could be a useful reference for the leadership of state-owned ports.
Introduction
In Chinese, the leadership means a function of interaction that may brings effects into full play and means or tool to achieve goals. Hence it is a relationship of powers and an art for forcing people to comply (Li, 2001). So leadership is an effect and it needs to make a research on people who waive the power of influence and on their various ways to affect others. Leadership is to make oneself as an example to affect others, so effects from charisma may be far stronger than that from power.
In real world, a well-known excellent manager always has his special traits of personality, shows a leader¡¦s taste, encourages his subordinate¡¦s willing to work and has good ability to communicate with others, shows strength to attract others, lead the team to organizational goals and secure their excellent performance. But, unless a leader could trigger his follower¡¦s motives to work, it is difficult to make people follow him. Therefore, if a team leader has charismatic leadership that could give his subordinate¡¦s ¡§trust¡¨ and ¡§feeling of belonging¡¨, he is sure to win the respect and love from others and reach many difficult works.
So leadership is a science and even a perfect presentation of art. Because it is a science, the leadership needs basic theory to mould as a basis of implementation. Because it is also an art, so a leader has to do the right thing at right time, suit his measures to local conditions and cleverly weigh the situations (Tsai & Weu, 2004). In modern society, we need excellent leader to lead members at various levels to effectively complete missions given by the organization he belongs to.
As the leader¡¦s authority in modern democratic society is on decline, if a leader could have knowledge, sense and sensibility in the meantime, he may become one of the most excellent and outstanding leaders in any group. Furthermore, through the research on the characteristics of charismatic leaderships, the leadership could help members of organization perform perfectly on works and organizational harmony.
<修改後文章>
A Study on the
Traits of Leader and Followers of Charismatic Leadership – The Example of Employees at a Port Authority
Summary
Charismatic leadership is an important concept in the development of leadership theory. For government agencies and state-owned enterprises, the influence of a leader derives primarily from the authorization of legal powers. However, the international ports in Taiwan are structured as government organizations, whereas their operations are targeted at and face competitive pressure from international ports operating as companies in the private sector. Thus, the leadership of port management may affect employee’s enthusiasm in work and followers’ incentives in reaching organizational goals. With employees of the harbor authority of Kaohsiung Port, the world’s sixth largest container port in 2004, as the subjects of research, we tried to understand the differences of cognition of charismatic leadership by public servants in the port authority on the characteristics of charismatic leadership and feasibility and directions of charismatic leadership in state-owned ports through interviews and questionnaires. The findings could be a useful reference for the leadership of state-owned ports.
Introduction
In Chinese, the term “leadership” means a function of interaction that may bring effects into full play and a means or tool to achieve goals. Hence it is a relationship of powers and an art for compelling people to comply (Li, 2001). Thus, leadership is an effect and there is a need for research on people who waive the power of influence and on the various ways they affect others. Leadership is making oneself an example in order to affect others, and the effects of charisma may be far stronger than those that result directly from power.
In the real world, a well-known excellent manager always has special traits of personality, shows a leader’s taste, encourages subordinates’ willingness to work, has good ability to communicate with others, shows strength to attract others, leads the team to organizational goals, and secures the team’s excellent performance. But, unless a leader can trigger his subordinates’ motivations to work, it is difficult to make people follow him. Therefore, if a team leader has charismatic leadership that could give his subordinates’ “trust” and “feeling of belonging,” he is sure to win respect and admiration from others and accomplish many difficult tasks.
Thus, leadership is a science and even a presentation of artistic perfection. Because it is a science, leadership needs a basic theory to mold as a basis of implementation. Because it is also an art, a leader has to do the right thing at right time, tailor measures to local conditions, and cleverly weigh the situations at hand (Tsai & Weu, 2004). In modern society, we need excellent leaders at various levels to effectively complete missions given by the organization to which they belong.
As the leader’s authority in modern democratic society is on the decline, if a leader could have knowledge, sense, and sensibility in the meantime, he may become one of the most excellent and outstanding leaders in any group. Furthermore, through the research on the characteristics of charismatic leadership, the leader can help members of an organization perform work perfectly and harmoniously.