I apologize in advance for any strange formatting. Assume that it is a result of me and not the author of the outline - that is what happens when you put a political scientist in charge of online collaboration!

Terrorism & International Relations - Andrea Estep

Thrills and Kills: The India and Pakistan wars in the Middle East - Elmer Withers

The World Energy Crisis: We Are the Next Generation - Cecelia Weiss

Addressing the UNIR – Laura Carfang

Pollution: It Affects all of Us - Jen Gebavi

Do Not Ignore Over Population, Vaccinate It! - Sandra Carmona

Nuclear Power as an alternate means of power production - Mohammad Ali Moghal

Why the Governmental Funding of Stem Cell Research Will Someday Save Our Lives - Chris Stearns

Unfettered? A free market does not make for a free world - Joshua Dumas

A Toxic State – Marlene Armendariz

And Justice for All — Human rights violations as a threat to international relations - Amanda Athon

Cyprus Peace Plan - The UN peace initiatives in Cyprus with the help of the US and the EU -Elcin Haskollar

The War Against Children At War - By Sami Al-Jassar.

Massive Destructions - Lena Khiev

The Aids Epidemic - Aleida Montufar

Postponing the end of the world - The Disarmament of Nuclear Weapons - Alana Collins

One Land, Many Problems - Abrar Azamuddin

The People Problem - Faye Stauber

Relations Between the United States and Iran - Ali Salamat

Six Months of Oil For an Eternity of Loss - Kyle Meyers

Economic Migration - Bindhu Vijayan

1. The advantage to such a solution to terrorism will increase cooperation between nations, and hopefully deter any country from supporting terrorist organizations or activities, even indirectly.
2. The disadvantage to such a system is that it has the potential for unfair application to some countries, and a demanded inspection of a country might spark political upheaval and lead to war.

Solution 2: Locate new oil reserves:

Advantage: Fossil fuel prices will decrease, and our supply will be ensured for several more years, depending on the amount discovered.

Disadvantage: There are very few unexplored areas that will produce significant amounts of fossil fuels. The sites that are known can have up to six different countries drilling rights.

Addressing the UNIR – Laura Carfang

Problem:

The ownership and development of nuclear weapons is a significant problem in dealing with international relations. The development of nuclear weapons can allow for states to gain significant military power over states that have not developed such weapons. By obtaining such powerful weapons, states are able to secure their power in international politics, as well as protect their own nation from invasions and from being attacked. However, with such great advancement in the development of technology, people have become a ware of the effects of using nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons have only been tested, and not yet used, but countries still seek to obtain them. There has been a movement to prevent the creating of nuclear weapons; and among the countries that do have nuclear weapons, treaties have been signed basically stating that these weapons would no longer be made, or used. This is a positive move to discourage the use of such weapons. However, this was all thrown off when North Korea recently announced that they too have developed a nuclear weapon, which resulted in breaking a U.S. treaty. If the people of this plant want to prevent a nuclear war, then nuclear weapons should not be made.

Solutions:

Countries that have nuclear weapons need to decrease their supply. For example, the world is not ready to act in a way where countries that have these weapons would be able to give up all of their ownership. If the U.S were to disarm all of its nuclear weapons, then this country would become very vulnerable and weak. However, by gradually decreasing the supply and discontinue manufacturing of these weapons, eventually, there would be no use to have a nuclear weapon. Through signing treaties with other powerful countries, alliances have been made and even though nuclear weapons pose a great threat, at the same time, they are harmless.

The US had an agreement with North Korea supplying them with power plants as long as they did not develop any nuclear weapons. However this treaty was broken and the effort to prevent the creation of these weapons has been delayed. North Korea has become a threat for several countries, and by breaking this treaty, the U.S will not build these power plants, therefore penalizing North Korea. Hopefully, through education, the negative effects of using a nuclear weapon will demonstrate to North Korea that this is why such great powers have already decided to not to use these weapons. Despite that countries are trying to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, North Korea’s decision to create such a powerful weapon demonstrates that they are a rising power, and this is just one way in which they can prove that they are involved with international relations. For a country, like the U.S., that already has several powerful weapons to tell another country that they cannot develop their own nuclear weapons is almost like telling them that they will not be able to rise in the international system. However, the U.S was willing to build power plants in North Korea allowing for them to have power and grow economically through alternative methods, and not though military means. To prevent a nuclear war from occurring, the construction and stockpiling of nuclear weapons needs to be stopped. People need to be educated on the effects of such bombs, and willing to work together in order to collectively agree not to use or even have such weapons in possession. Gradually, countries that do have nuclear weapons will be able to destroy them if the world is willing to work collectively to prevent the use of nuclear weapons. Therefore, once these weapons become irrelevant even to own, then nuclear war will have been prevented.

e-mail: [email protected]

III Solution

1. Vaccinate newborn babies to keep pregnancies from happening and then allow them to decide when they are 18 whether or not they wish to have a vaccination so that they could have babies.
0. Advantages
1. There will be less teen pregnancies.
2. There will be less people, which will mean more resources.
3. There will be less poverty.
4. There will be less people, which will mean less pollution.
5. There will be less people that will need welfare.
6. There will be less money spent on delivering babies.
7. Less money will be spent on abortions.
8. There will be more money for education on family planning, sexually transmitted diseases and poverty.
9. The money could be used and redistributed to provide doctors and vaccinations
1. Disadvantages
1. There is the possibility that more teens will be having sex.
2. There is a possibility of a higher risk of transmitting diseases.
3. The side effects from the vaccination would be questionable.
4. More doctors will be needed to provide these vaccines.
5. People will try to find different ways to get babies if they cannot have them themselves.
6. There will be a possibility of a high cost of vaccinating babies and then vaccinating them again when they are 18 years old.
7. It is possible that at the age of 18 everyone will begin to have babies.
8. There will be a high cost to do the research to create such vaccine.

Nuclear Power as an alternate means of power production

Conventional means of power generation are getting more and more expensive as we progress technologically. The main reason for this is that conventional resources are limited, whereas energy needs are rising day by day all over the world. Another concern with which we are faced is the fact that we are running out of natural resources that are used for energy production, for example coal and oil. Hydal power plants are very costly since they require the construction of large dams and installation of numerous power generators. Hydal power is dependant on water supply from natural resources such as rivers, lakes etc. in seasons of draught the energy production goes down significantly which can affect the local economy drastically. Another negative aspect of Hydal power is salinity. Residue starts to build up in the damn, which decreases the capacity of the water that can be contained in the damn. The costs associated with the salinity and cleaning of the damn floor are much too high.

The use of nuclear technology as an alternate means of power production.

• The main advantage of nuclear power is that it is relatively cheaper in the long run.
• Nuclear power is an unlimited source of energy. It does not run out like oil, coal, water etc.
• Latest research has allowed for nuclear desalination. This is a process in which a nuclear reactor is coupled with a desalination facility to convert sea water into fresh water.
• The use of nuclear technology will allow for the solution of two problems simultaneously. Unlimited supply of energy, along with the conversion of seawater into fresh water at a very low cost (approximately $1 for every 2 cubic meters of fresh water).
• Fossil-fueled plants are one of the primary contributors of environmental pollution. Nuclear plants are relatively much more environmental friendly then fossil-fueled plants. These plants would be generating less pollution then a regular power plant, and at the same time it would be producing fresh water.

• The primary concern that international community has is the potential threat of countries making use of the technology to build weapons.
• Another concern that some international organizations, and countries have is the threat of a nuclear disaster, similar to that of Chernobyl.
• The increased use of nuclear technology might become a security issue and a threat to global peace. Some countries, lacking sufficient resources, might not be able to safeguard their nuclear assets, or ensure that the technology does not fall into the wrong hands.

I. "Why the Governmental Funding of Stem Cell Research Will Someday Save

Our Lives." - Chris Stearns

II. The problem facing stem cell research is the lack of governmental funding. This drought in funding has created a privatized market in which research facilities around the world compete against each other. This competition delays the research and ultimately lessens the chance of finding cures and treatments using stem cells. Stem cells have the potential to eradicate Alzheimer’s, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, and many other diseases. With this potential, we as a world society must not stifle that dream.

III. The first step that needs to be taken is to modify the laws around the world that prohibit stem cell research. I do not advocate an abolishment of all governance in this area, because we should not create a system in which a myriad of research facilities arises. Such a proposition would be outrageous. However, we must give science the opportunity to continue research. Second, the UN needs to secure funding for the research facilities that are established and meet the criterion of medical standards and ethics. This funding will allow scientist to freely exchange ideas and research findings. This collaboration will exponentially speed up the search for cures. Finally, the UN must set out an information campaign to the world informing the people that the harvesting of stem cells in a laboratory is not murder. We must make people understand that a 4 day old blastocyst embryo in a lab is not a human life but a human life saver.

IV. [email protected]

1. Unfettered?: A free market does not make for a free world.

Joshua Dumas

2. Problem: How global capital has trampled democracy.

1. World economic institutions have sweeping governmental influence with no public recourse (i.e. IMF, World Bank, WTO).
2. Free trade that has resulted in human rights abuse: free trade means less freedoms?
3. Free trade has resulted in international economic inequality.
4. Multinational corporations are unaccountable yet have the loudest political voice.

History:

1. The dependency links established during colonialism are persistent through-out the post-colonial period.
2. In the 1970s major investing and loans are made to the Third World, from the First World.
3. Thatcher and Reagan, in the 1980s, push an ideology of essentially social Darwinism—open markets and competition rule the day.
4. Advances in technology and a major economic growth lead to globalized economy, which unchecked, has in 15 short years: further stratisfied society and pushed democracy aside.

1. Solutions:

1. Modify language—a radical re-evaluation of terms: free trade is not free (it has tremendous costs, on the environment, on workers rights, on the third world in general) and is never equal (structural dependencies from post-colonialism.) The market is not natural, it is not Darwinian, it is a elitist construct, etc.
2. Introduce transparency and accountability into international economic organizations.

IV. Email: [email protected]

II. The United States is number two in the list of countries that are the top toxic pollution emitters, and by fixing the United States’ pollution problems, we are fixing the problem on a global scale as well.

1. As a huge part of our global community, the United States must start to reverse the damage that has been done to the environment.
2. Hard rock mining companies and coal- burning power plants are the two most polluting industries in the United States.
3. Both industries were responsible for nearly two thirds of all of the chemicals released into the nation’s air and water.

1. Hard rock mining includes the mining of: Gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, Uranium, molybdenum, and others.
2. 1.2 billion pounds of toxic chemicals were dumped into the land, air, water if the United States by coal burning electric generating plants.

III. Huge efforts to reverse the effects of the damage already done, and to prevent further damage to our environment, need to be made and carried out as soon as possible.

1. Because the top five most toxic states are Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Alaska, Texas, I propose massive changes in clean air and water policies in their state legislature.

1. Offering states a set cash amount bonus (funded by the UN) for the state that reduces its toxicity levels the most (in percentage) in order to motivate each state to participate.
2. Great undertakings in each state’s energy producing industries need to be made to convert conventional energy sources to more environmentally safe sources, such as solar or wind power. The UN would pay each state for each windmill generator or solar panel that was incorporated into this plan.

1. Huge toxic levels are also found in the ten most densely populated areas of the United States. These cities include Los Angeles, New York City, Chicago,

1. Funding plans from the UN would include a car trade- in program, which would include individuals trading in their cars for a free or reduced price electric vehicle. The manufacturers of these cars, such as Honda, would be paid cash bonuses to offer these vehicles at a low price.
2. Another funded project would be an alternative transportation project, which would be adding large and efficient train, metro, or other rail systems, in those Cities, that are less expensive to use, and a system that would offer tax breaks or cash refunds to people who use public transportation on a regular basis. sent in to the UN for a cash bonus amount.

1. Once implemented, the only disadvantages to these tactics would be that people would need to give up some personal preferences, such as driving a gasoline- powered car, or using public transportation.

IV. E-mail- [email protected]

1. Cyprus Peace Plan- The UN peace initiatives in Cyprus with the help of the US and the EU, Elcin Haskollar

2. The republic in Cyprus was established in 1960 after the withdrawal of the British colonial rulers. The Island was first unified, bi-communal compromised of one-third Turkish Cypriots and two-thirds Greek Cypriots. Greek nationalist terrorists attacked on Turkish communities and Turkey invaded the island to prevent an ethnic cleansing in 1974, after which the island got divided into 2 largely ethnically homogenous sectors. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared independence, calling themselves the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). TRNC, however, remains internationally unrecognized, except Turkey. For 3 decades the island Of Cyprus has remained divided into Greek and Turkish zone.

The republic of Cyprus is participating in EU accession talks. Greece and the EU are in favor of the formula for a united Cyprus that compromises two equal self-governing states, whereas Turkey’s new nationalist government insists that TRNC must be recognized as a separate state and there must be two different states in the island. The dispute over Cyprus will lead to a growing conflict between Turkey and Greece. The Un hope to resolve the problem before the EU’s December 12 Copenhagen summit, before the island becomes a EU member, because it would jeopardize Turkish Cypriots rights on grounds that they remain not represented on the international bodies, thus subject to a trade embargo as their produce export certificates from the Greek Cypriot. It would also shift the balance between Greece and Turkey in favor of Greece, causing more aggravation for the two states, damaging their relations with each other. Moreover, the US does not desire such a conflict since Turkey is at the center of American geopolitical calculations because its location at the crossroads of the Balkans and the Middle East. Especially at the moment the tension is high because of a very likely war against Iraq, such conflict would be against US’s interest.

3. The UN hopes to find a solution toward the reunification of the island. The Turkish government and the leader of TRNC Rauf Dentas should come to realization that there are no separate nations in the island, but people of Cyprus. Hence, their insistence on the creation of two independent states in the island can be no progress towards a solution.

The reunification of the island is the only solution, which will give a sense of security and the stability to all Cypriots. Turkish Cypriots will be recognized in the international arena and Turkish will be an official language of the EU.

The questions as to whether a divided Cyprus can join the EU were already been answered by the union itself at Helsinki summit in December 1999. They underlined that they wish to see a unified Cyprus in the union. The UN does not believe that Turkey, which has been trying to join the EU, would jeopardize its ties with Europe over Cyprus issue. The ultimate solution is that, there be two equal self-governing states, which will be governed by a president elected by Turkish/Greek Cypriots. The border separating two states between each other will no longer exist. The US troops will be present in the island for tow so as to safeguard/preserve the security.

The War Against Children At War. By Sami Al-Jassar.

Hundreds of thousands of young children (under the age of eighteen) are suffering physical as well as mental problems due to their forceful recruitment into the military activity. Today, as many as 300,000 children under the age of 18 serve in government forces or armed rebel groups. Some are as young as eight years old. Children, both boys and girls, are used by these government and guerilla armies for a variety of purposes such as cooks, messengers, sex slaves, spies, and front-line combatants. Over fifty countries currently recruit child soldiers into the armed forces. In the international community it has been very hard to focus attention on the issue since the term ‘child soldier’ is a physically transitory status, because one can only be a child soldier for a few years.

As a result of this problem, child soldiers often suffer many of the same physical and psychological effects that war brings to noncombatant children. They are separated from their parents and lose their homes. They are exposed to destructive violence, witness death and atrocities, and are often permanently disabled when not killed. Health care for wounded child soldiers is often problematic and in most countries where child soldiers are found there is very poor health care. At times the only medicine available is herbal. Sometimes, both government forces and rebel groups leave the wounded children on the battlefield. The most frequent injuries suffered by child soldiers are the loss of hearing, blindness, and loss of limbs. Physical injury carries additional emotional, psychological, economic, and social disadvantages. Loss of sight or hearing are severe obstacles to educational or social development. Loss of limbs may require repeated amputations for those still growing since the bone of the amputated limb grows more than the surrounding tissue. They will also require new prostheses frequently. In addition to the trauma, treatment costs may be too high or the necessary facilities may be unavailable. Perhaps the most severe long-term consequences of children serving as soldiers may be on their moral development. To make matters worse, there actually is no international law prohibiting the use of child soldiers under the age of eighteen.

Solutions to this problem (only to mention a few) include the international community, specifically the United Nations, stepping forward to increase the minimum age for recruitment (compulsory or voluntary) from fifteen ( which is under the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child) to eighteen.

The primary advantage here being that from about the age of eighteen youth are able to make personal and more mature and intellectual decisions which would not be possible at the age of fifteen. Another solution involves all governments and armed opposition groups who currently have persons under eighteen years of age to be forced to demobilize them immediately. The underlying advantage here is to drastically attempt to decrease the number of children who die and suffer as a result of war. A high priority would also be to contribute more funding towards education since education is the root decreasing poverty, instability and thus conflict which in turn would lead to a decrease in the demand for child soldiers. Aside from the advantage of some of this money going towards the education of children there is still the disadvantage of lage portions of it ending up in the wrong hands and being spent on further military expenses. The majority of child soldiers are found in poorer countries where corruption is very common.

E-mail address: [email protected]

I. Massive Destructions- Lena Khiev

II. Problem: Landmines are blind weapons that cannot distinguish between its enemies and civilians. It is an ongoing problem because it endangers the lives of civilians, prevents farmers from working on their fields, and is expensive to not only be removed, but also treated. Landmines were first introduced during World War I when German soldiers buried explosives to block the advancement of French and British tanks. This led to the invention of antitank pressure mines and antipersonnel mines. Mines serve as offensive, strategic weapons because they efficiently empty territories, destroy food sources for both their opponents and civilians. They are produced in at least 48 countries making them easy to obtain and affordable.

I. The Aids Epidemic - Aleida Montufar

II. AIDS effects millions of people around the world. It is a worldwide threat. In the past AIDS was recognized as the virus killing off the homosexual population. Before the 1970’s nobody knew what the disease was and more importantly how it was being spread. Because no one knew how this disease was being spread, more and more people became infected. Because of AIDS we are losing many people and it is because of the lack of education that many people are unaware of the devastating effects of AIDS. Unfortunately, AIDS is not an international threat that can recognize borders. It is threat that is affecting every country in the world and these nations are losing many if their citizens and threatening many others.

III. Solutions:

A. Debunking the Myths

Education is the main reason why the spread of AIDS has declined in Africa this year. However, there are still myths going around in South Africa. Myths such as the " Virgin Cure", that says that if an infected person were to sleep with a virgin they would be cured. Sadly, many innocent children fall victims to this ignorant way of thinking and become infected.

1. By proving to people that these myths hold no truth in them this will give people less hope in finding a cure, maybe lessening their concern for other uninfected people.

B. Education

Educating the people around the world will teach them that the spread of AIDS will kill them off and orphan their infected children. Doing this means funding of people already infected to teach people of the consequences of " not knowing". Also proving to citizens that if their countries AIDS population keeps increasing, more people will die and this means that their countries economy will suffer. The economy suffers because it will lose its farmers, teachers, mothers, doctors and many others who could be contributing to the economy.

1. Educating people about safe sex is something that not all cultures believe in. For example, in a Catholic country it will be very difficult to try to encourage people to use protection.

C. Financially rewarding NGO’s who are successful in decreasing the spread of AIDS can be another way of encouraging people to be teach awareness.

1. Many NGO’s may look at this as bribery.

IV. [email protected]

I. Postponing the end of the world- The Disarmament of Nuclear Weapons - Alana Collins

II. Too many countries have access to nuclear weapons, and some of these countries are high risk and very dangerous countries. Their instability when it comes to weapons could threaten the safety of the world if they misuse the weapon. With the disarmament of certain countries with nuclear weapons, the international community would feel safer. Nuclear Weapons have become such a problem in the world because once certain countries obtain these weapons, they have increased their amount of power by a great deal. They can then manipulate their power to obtain what they want from countries that are less powerful and more vulnerable.

Since the United States exploded the first nuclear weapon in 1945, nuclear power and weapons has been something that has been sought after by many countries. Democratic, fair, and responsible countries such as the United States, Great Britain, and France have nuclear power. Unfortunately, countries such as North Korea, Pakistan, and India have obtained nuclear power. North Korea is a communist enemy of the United States and is a great threat since they want to invade South Korea to make it communist and make a unified Korea. Pakistan and India have been enemies since India became a free state. They have had three wars since 1947 and now that both countries have obtained the power of nuclear weapons, the international community has become extremely worried that they will use them on each other, a threat that they have even made to each other. Nuclear weapons Is an international issue because the safety of the world lies within its grasp. If nuclear weapons get into the wrong hands, then some countries might be at risk of being destroyed. The power of nuclear weapons is so great that it should only be in the hands of countries that are responsible and countries that won’t use it unless it is absolutely necessary. Countries such as Libya, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan are ones that even the United Nations does not want to obtain nuclear weapons because they are irrational and would use it to gain more power from other countries.

III. A possible solution is in place right now which involves weapons inspectors to make sure that some countries do not obtain nuclear weapons. These have helped in the past with Iraq, and are now being reinstated in Iraq due to international pressure. This system should also be implemented in other countries although it does take away some civil liberties. Another solution that would be less reliable would be to take an inventory of everything coming in and going out of the country which could be manipulated and again violate civil liberties. However, although these solutions are acceptable another one would be to make nuclear power as inaccessible as possible, even on the black market.

IV. [email protected]

The United States and Iran had been two long time friends until the Islamic revolution in Iran in February 1979. The United States mostly interested in Iran’s oil, had been supporting the modernization and was starting to provide technology and expertise for Iran. In January 1979, Iran’s monarch ‘Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’ known as ‘Shah’, had to leave the country due to a massive uprising of the people who wanted a regime change in Tehran while the United States remained silent and took no course of action.. The revolution led by ‘Ayatollah Khomeini’, a Muslim cleric, resulted in establishment of a theocracy in Iran. Meanwhile, the United States started to realize the dangers of such a regime for its interests in Iran and also in the Middle East region; and attempted to bring the Shah back into the country and stop the Islamic regime from growing by supporting the opposition groups. Another action from U.S. was to freeze all of the Iran’s money and assets (about 20 billion dollars) that were invested in the United States. As a retaliation to this action, Iranian students stormed the Unite States’ embassy in Tehran and took 52 American diplomats captive and held them for 444 days. The demand for the U.S. was to release the Iranian money for the American diplomats. Indeed, the American response was negative. The United States’ reaction was to send the Special Forces into Iran to free the captives. In the second night of their arrival in southern Iran, Tabas desert, some Special Forces were killed, many injured, and almost all their equipments (helicopter, artillery) were ruined as a result of a giant sand storm. After the incident, the Special Forces returned without even reaching Tehran. Continuous threats from the U.S. resulted in freedom and return of the captives after 444 days. Since then, the relations between the two countries has stayed frozen and there is no diplomatic or economic relations as a result of the U.S. sanctions. The latest U.S. reaction was naming Iran, as ‘axis of evil’.

There is a wide range of solutions to this matter which vary in terms of reliability, trust, and level of success. Iran has indicated that if the United States returns a portion of its frozen assets, it is ready to sit and talk about the existing problems. One solution for the United States is to trust the Iranian officials and take the first step in order to resolve the problems peacefully. The disadvantage of such an action would be the risk that the United States has to take if Iran breaks its promise. Another solution would be to choose a third country to mediate and arbitrate between the two countries and bring them to the talk tables. This could possibly be the best solution because the United States would not loose a bit in the process. The third solution is to try to change the regime in Iran. The U.S. has two options in this regard: 1.By launching an assault and invading Iran which I think that it would not be the smartest choice to make because Iran would most likely retaliate and attack U.S. and its ally Israel. 2.By supporting the opposition groups and most of the population who are unhappy with the current regime; and providing them with their needs to overthrow the Ayatollahs; This would be a good path to take because again the U.S. would suffer the least from such an action. At the end, by normalizing the relations with Iran, the U.S. would enjoy having a potential friend in the Middle East region with a strategic standing, would use its oil, natural gas, and other natural resources. Most importantly, the U.S. could have a military base in Iran that can control the whole region and get closer to the borders of the long time rival, Russia.

E-mail address: [email protected]

I. Economic Migration - Bindhu Vijayan

II. Problem with brief history and background:

A disparity between population and economic resources often leads to movements of populations. In general, migrations brings people from regions that suffer from a scarcity of land or capital resources to richer areas. Many individuals resort to more affluent countries of the world in search of a higher standard of living. This is hardly, surprising, as higher birthrates in the developing worlds have produced an enormous population that has sought work in the industrialized world, with its comparative wealth, lower birthrates, and aging community. In recent years, however, many developed countries have gone through cycles of economic recession and thus are becoming more disinclined to accept more immigrants. It is estimated that more that 70 million people now work legally or illegally in countries other than those in which they were born, a number increasing by almost two million annually. The influx of immigrants, whatever their reasons for coming have periodically provoked backlashes and other relevant problems with the host country. Many migrant workers fair and poor working conditions and essentially unfavorable living states.

III. Solutions with disadvantages and advantages

A solution to this issue would be to conduct international conventions (i.e. via the facilitation of the United Nations) to protect human rights and migrant workers. This International Convention would codify a series of rights to which migrant workers and their families are entitled to. This would entail bringing in affluent countries such as Japan, Australia, Oman, or the United States and integrating less industrialized countries where the predominant migrant workers come from (i.e. Morocco and Mexico). Another solution, would be to focus on particular countries in need and provide repartition efforts to their refugees. An example would be the 1989 Comprehensive Plan of Action for Indochinese refugees, which has aided repatriating thousands to their homelands in Vietnam, Cambodia, etc. Indeed long term migrants may pose problems for their host countries and the international community. Essentially, industrialized nations can choose between turning away immigrants or accepting them, and can decide how and how much to promote economic development abroad, but they cannot ignore the crowds outside their gates forever.

I used the following source for my information and statistics:

Spiegel, Steven L. World Politics in a New Era