Kevin Putnam

Per. 3, Haskell

Nov. 21, 2003

Studyguide

 

Ch. 19

-         Suffrage- Suffrage, or the right to vote, was extended from only property owners to all of the citizens

-         sans-culottes –the working class of men and women. In Paris and some other cities, the sans-culottes wanted a republic.

-         abdicate – to step down from power. The victors exiled Napoleon to Elba island in the Mediterranean after he abdicated.

-         deficit spending – a government spending more money than it takes in. There was a financial crises caused by deficit spending after Louis left France with a big debt.

-         Plebiscite- Ballot in which voters say yes or no to an issue. Napoleon held a plebiscite at each step on his rise to power.

-         blockade – it involves shuttin off ports to keep people or supplies form moving in or out.  European ports were blockaded by the British.

-         Bourgeoisie- The middle-class which included prosperous bankers, merchants and manufacturers who propped up the French economy.

-         Nationalism – aggressive feeling of pride in and devotion to ones country. Nationalism spread though out France when monarchs centralized power, loyalty shifted to the king or queen.

-         Émigré- nobles, clergy, and others who had fled revolutionary France. Horror stories were told by the Émigrés about the French plague.

-         Louis XVI-  summoned the Estates General to meet at Versailles in May. He is responsible of the making of the three Estates.

-         Clemens von Metternich – Clemens wanted to restore Status quo. He pushed to create the concert of Europe.

-         Napoleon – Born on island of Corsica owned by the French. A minor noble who trained to be in the military. Later to be a lieutenant during the revolution.

-         Olympe de Gouges - through the Declaration of the rights of women, she declared her beliefs on the rights of women.

-         Rosbespierre - a lawyer and a politician who promoted religious toleration and tried to abolish slavery. He was an architect during the Reign of Terror.

-         Jacques Louis David – David was the leading artist of his time period. His paintings helped to shape the way of the future.

-         who denounced Fr. Rev? Why? - Napoleon died during the time when Russia denounced the French revolution.

-         Reign of Terror – The reign of Terror evolved from a radical phase when people were against extremism.

-         Napoleon annexed who? - He annexed, or added outright, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and Italy

-         Congress of Vienna – The congress faced the task to restore the stability and order in Europe after the 25 years of war.

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-         Ch. 23

-         Alexander II - In 1855 during the Crimean War, Alexander II came to throne. Then, in 1861 he issued a royal decree emancipating the surfs.

-         Francis Joseph – Francis Joseph inherited the throne when he was 18. His power strengthened the empire.

-         Giuseppe Garibaldi – A nationalist and an ally of Mazzini who wanted to create an Italian republic.

-         Otto von Bismarck – The kings new chancellor. He was the chancellor of Prussia. He delivered the blood and iron speech in 1862.

-         William II – In the year 1888, William II succeeded his grandfather as Kaiser. He was confident and wished make his own impression on Europe.

-         Camillo Cavour – appointed prime minister in 1852 by Victor Emmanuel. Flexible meaning he did whatever he had to do to achieve his goals.

-         anarchist – People want to abolish all government. Anarchists were very violent during the struggle for conservative government in the 1880s

-         refugee –  People who flee their homeland seeking safety somewhere else. Jews who escaped from Russia were refugees.

-         pogrom – Violent mob attacks on the Jews. Official Persecutino encouraged this so gangs beat, killed, looted and burned the Jews and their homes.

-         Realpolitik - This is a realistic politics based on tough minded evaluation. In Bismarck’s view the end justifies the mean.

-         Zemstvo - a local elected assembly that was set up by Alexander II. It included road repair, schools, and agriculture.  

-         economic development in Germany – Germany had a lot of coal and iron resource. Economic development in Germany founded large companies and built things such as  railroads.

-         Nationalism threatened? who? (which country the most) nationalism threatened Italy the most because they didn’t want to go back living like they used to.

-         Revolution of 1905 Discontent had spread out across Russia. The manifesto had won over the moderates, leaving the socialists isolated.